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THE CITY OF TROY

AND

ITS VICINITY

ARTHUR JAMES WEISE

EDWARD GREEN
TROY : 214 RIVER STREET

1886^

Entered Jaccording to Act of Congress, in the year 1886, by

Arthur James Weise^
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

•; •

• ••

• •

PREFACE.

In writing the History of the City of Troy in 1876, my time was too lim-
ited to permit a satisfactory presentation of the city's industries, so long
having wide fame in the United States and in foreign countries. Induced
by the desire of those conceiving that a work including the events and cir-
cumstances of the settlement and growth of Troy, and the causes and
issues of the origin and development of her manufactures should be pre-
pared while there was opportunity to obtain reliable information from per-
sons connected and contemporary with the beginning and expansion of
these local undertakings, I began the inviting and yet toilsome task accom-
plished in the publication of this unpretentious volume.

Within the period of the century, from 1786 to 1886, beginning with the
first occupation of the site of Troy by emigrants from the New England
Stales, I have grouped, under the diflferent subject-headings, the principal
facts appertaining to the history of the village and city. Should the one
hundredth anniversary of the naming of the place, Troy, be celebrated in
1S89, much of this information will make the event more significant and
memorable. Troy is not only noted for tlie manufacture of collars, cuffs,
shirts, horseshoes, iron, steel, stoves, cars, railroad rails, surveying instru-
ments, church hells, chains, knitting and laundry machinery, but enjoys
the distinction of distributing her productions in more countries than any
other city in the United States of like population and wealth. The infor-
mation I have presented respecting her banks, churches, schools, newspa-
pers, charitable and other institutions, will, I doubt not, be appreciated by
those desiring knowledge of the city's history.

ARTHUR JAMES WEISE.
. Troy, N. Y., September 18, 1886.

WILLIAM H. YOUNG,

THE PUBLISHER OF THE AUTHOR'S FIRST HISTORY OF TROY,
THIS WORK

IS respe<!:tfully inscribed.

POSTSCRIPT.

The author is under many obligations to the large number of persons
contributing illustrations to this work. The kind favors of 'William Gur-
Icy, Lewis E. Gurley, Richardson H. Thurman, Reuben Pec]<ham, William
H. Young, and other gentlemen are gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are ,
due to James L. Thompson for the engraving of the Day Home, and to
James F. Cowee and to John W. Sherrerd for special courtesies.

THE CITY OF TROY.

Francis I., King of France, in
1523, commissioned Giovanni da Ver-
razzano, a Florentine, to discover new
land^. In January, 1524, after touch-
ing at the Deserted Islands, off the
west coast of Africa, he sailed west-
wardly toward the unexplored part of
North America, between Nova Scotia
and Florida. He came in sight of
the continent at the thirty-fourth par-
allel, near Gape Fear, on the coast of
North Carolina. Coasting northward-
ly, he discovered, late in April, the
Bay of New York, where he beheld
the noble stream, now called the
Hudson, flowing into it from the
north.

The domain, which France had ac-
quired by right of discovery, was Hrst
called Francesca. After Verrazzano's
voyage, the Great {^Grande) River, as
the Hudson was then named, was fre-
quently ascended by French traders
to obtain furs from the tribes of In-
dians living along its banks. On a
map of the world made in 1569, by
Gerard Mercator, the river is delineat-
ed to the height of its navigation, at
the mouths of the Mohawk River, op-
posite the sites of Troy and Lansing-
burgh.

Henry Hudson, employed in 1609
by the East India Company of Hol-
I _ land, to search north of Novaya Zem-

lya for a navigable way to Asia, find-
ing an impassable barrier of ice en-
girdling the Arctic Ocean, gave his
officers and crew the choice of two
proposals : one to come to the coast
of North America, at the fortieth par-
allel of latitude, to search for a river
or strait by which he might pass from
the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean ;
the other, to seek a passage at Da-
vis's Strait. The first field of explo-
ration was preferred, not only because
it was in a warmer region, but on ac-
count of Hudson's inclination to make
the voyage, inasmuch as Captain John
Smith had sent him letters and maps
from Virginia, showing, as the former
thought, that it was possible for the
English navigator to sail from the
north part of America and reach the
Pacific Ocean, supposed at that time
to be not far west of the settlement
on the James River.

When Hudson ascended the Great
River, the Indians informed him that
the French had been coming in sloops
to the height of its navigation to trade
with them. Finding that he could go
no farther in the Half Moon than the
site of Waterford, Hudson sailed
homeward.

The information respecting the
large quantities of beaver and otter
skins to be obtained from the natives

inhabiting the region of the Great
(Groote) River, as the Hudson was
first called by the Dutch, induced cer-
tain capitalists of Holland to send a
number of vessels to the river to. traf-
fic for peltry. The profitable re-
turns of the ventures led to the organ-
ization of the West India Company,
of Holland, which in 1621, obtained a
charter from the government, which
granted the corporation the exclusive
privilege of trading with the natives
of that part of New France lying be-
tween the fortieth and forty-fifth par-
allels of north latitude. This terri-
tory, discovered by Verrazzano in
1524, and delineated on many rare
maps made in the same century, the
usurping Hollanders in 1614 called
New Netherland.

The members of the West India
Company, desiring to increase its rev-
enues, advertised in 1629 that any per-
son belonging to the association get-
ting fifty emigrants, over fifteen years
of age, to settle within four years on
a tract of land extending eight Dutch
or sixteen English miles, on one side
of a navigable river in New Nether-
land, or one-half that length on oppo-
site sides of a river, should be a pa-
troon and the proprietor of the land
on which the colony had been planted.
In 1630, Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, a
pearl merchant of Amsterdam, began
to send colonists to the North River,
or, as it was also called, Hudson's
River. He, having complied with
the requirements of the West India
Company, became the patroon of
Rensselaerswyck, a manor twenty-four
miles long and forty-eight wide, now
included within the limits of Albany,
Rensselaer and Columbia counties.
The great estate is delineated on a
parchment map, made about the year
163 1, and preserved in the archives of
the Van Rensselaer family. The
north boundary line of the manor
crossed the Hudson a little north of

the confluence of the Mohawk ; its
south one immediately below Beeren
Island.

The northeastern part of Rensse-
laerswyck included the site of Troy,
and was denominated on the map
Pafraets Dael, (Pafraets* Part), so
named, no doubt, in honor of Kiliaen
Van Rensselaer's mother, who was
called before her marriage Maria Pa-
fraets, or Pafraats, as the name was
sometimes written. On the map is a
delineation of an Indian fort, called
Unumats Casteel by the Dutch map
maker. This palisaded village of the
Mohegan Indians was seemingly on
the north bank of the stream now
known as the Poesten Kill. Some
years before the map was made, the
Mohegan tribe of Indians had pos-
sessed the land on the east side of
the Hudson, but they had been driven
from it by the Mohawk Indians liv-
ing along the Mohawk River.

It is related by J. Romeyn Brod-
head, the deceased historian, that the
site of Troy was included in a tract
of land purchased from the Indians
on March 13, 1652, by the agent of
the patroon of Rensselaerswyck, and
that it was called Paanpaack. Wheth-
er this be true or not, there is a con-
firmation of a patent in the office of
the Secretary of the State of New
York, given by Richard NicoUs, the
English governor, on April 13, 1667,
to Sweer Theunissen, declaratory of
his ownership of that part of the
the " Great Meadow Ground " which
was in the year 1659 purchased of the
Indian proprietors by Jan Barentsen
Wemp, with the leave and consent of
Jan Baptist Van Rensselaer and A rent
Van Corlaer. This tract of land,
Sweer Theunissen sold on May 6,
1679, to Pieter Van Woggelum. The
latter enlarged his possession of this
part of the site of Troy by purchas-
ing of Robert Saunders, on Septem-
ber 19, 1681, a part of the wood-,

land called by the Indians Passquas-
sick, lying south of the Piscawen Kill,
a stream emptying into the hydraulic
canal, near the sloop lock, at the
state dam. On June 2, 1707, Derick
Van der Heyden purchased the two
tracts of land belonging to Pieter Van
Woggelum, and extending along the
Hudson River from the Poesten to the
Piscawen Kill. In 1720, on a map
made by Philip Verplanck of his sur-
vey of Derick Van der Heyden's
farm of 497 acres, two farm houses
are delineated which appear to be
near where now River and Ferry
streets intersect. As the Van der
Heyden farm lay within the limits of
the manor of Rensselaerswyck, the
Dutch farmer annually paid to the
patroon a ground-rent, in lieu of all
other dues, of three and three-fourths
bushels of wheat and two fat hens or
capons. In November, 1731, Derick
Van der Heyden divided his farm,
and conveyed an equal third part of
it to each of his three sons, Jacob,
David and Matthias. (See Troy.)

Academies.—

St. Mary's Commercial Acade-
my, No. 237 Fourth Street, between
Washington and Adams streets. The
institution had its beginning in a free
school established about the year
1847, by the Rev. Peter Havermans,
of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church,
in a building No. 239 Fourth Street,
erected by him. About the year
I852, the school was given the name
of St. Joseph's Academy, and about
the year 1866, that of the Christian
Brothers* Academy. The name St.
Mary's Commercial Academy was ta-
ken in 1878, when the present build-
ing was erected. A number of Broth-
ers of the Christian Schools forms the
corps of teachers.

Troy Academy, northwest comer
of State and Seventh streets. The

act to incorporate the academy was
passed May 5, 1834. The act to re-
vive the act incorporating it, and to
unite it with the Rensselaer Institute,
was passed May 8, 1837. The act
made it lawful for the two institutions
to become a corporate body, the
Rensselaer Institute to be the depart-
ment of experimental science, the
academy the department of classic
literature. On May 3, 1838, the trus-
tees resolved to adopt Charles H. An-
thony's school as the Troy Academy,
and to accept from the city the use of
the Lancasterian school-house, a frame
building, filled in with brick, 65 by 35
feet, two stories high, with a cupola,
erected in 1816, on the lot on the
northwest corner of State and Seventh
streets. On May 8, the city conveyed
to the trustees the school-house and
the lot on which it was built. In the
fall of the same year the first session
of the academy was begun, Charles
H. Anthony, principal, and John P.
Isham, assistant teacher. On Febru-
ary 5, 1839, the academy was placed
under the supervision and visitation
of the regents of the university. The
building was burned in the fire of May
10, 1862. The present building was
erected on the site of the former, and
completed in May, 1863. Since 1858,
T. Newton Willson has been princi-
pal of the academy.

Adams' Island. (See Van Scha-
ick's Island.)

Albany. Under the West India
Company, of Holland, a small colony
of French Walloons with a few Dutch
freemen was planted on the site of
Albany, in May, 1624. The place
was first called Fort Orange, the name
of the small fort of logs and earth
erected there that year. In 1652, the
hamlet was named Beverswyck (Bea-
ver Village), by Pieter Stuyvesant,
the Dutch director of the West India

Company. When surrendered to the
English, in 1664, it was named
Albany, in honor of James, Dake of
York and Albany. The village,
when repossessed by the Dutch, in
1672, was called Willemstadt, in honor
of William, Prince of Orange. In
1674, when transferred to the English,
it was again named Albany. It was
chaitered a city by Governor Thomas
Dongan, July 22, 1686. Albany be-
came the seat of the state govern-
ment in 1797. The corner-stone of
the first capitol was laid April 23,
1806 ; the comer-stone of the present
imposing edifice, June 24, 1871. Pop-
ulation: 1790, 3.506; 1800, 5.349;
1810, 9,356 ; 1814, 10,083 ; 1820,
12,541; 1825, 15,974; 1830. 24,238;
1835, 28,109; 1840, 33.663; 1845,
42,139 ; 1850, 50,763 ; 1855. 57.333 I
i860, 62,367 ; 1865, 62,613 ; 1870,
69,422; 1875, 86,013; 1880, 90,903.
Distant frqm Troy seven miles. Half
hourly trains leave Union Depot dai-
ly for Albany and intermediate places
on the ** Belt Line " In summer a
line of steamboats plies hourly be-
tween the two cities. (See Steam-
boats.)

Albany Iron Works. (See
Troy Steel and Iron Company.)

Albia, in the fifth ward, is about
2f miles southeast of the courc-house.
A map of the village was made in
February, 1813, by William McMan-
us. In Spafford's Gazetteer of the
State of New York of 1824, Albia is
described as '*a scattered village of
some 40 houses and about 200 inhabi-
tants, 2| [miles] from the city, in
the 5th ward." The Albia Cotton
Factory was then **an extensive and
growing establishment, having 1,700
spindles and 30 water power looms in
operation, with a bleach." Below
Albia village was ** another bleaching
establishment," where cloths were

"bleached, dressed, callendered and
neatly done up for 6 cents a pound, I
to 2 cents a yard, on common cotton
goods." The Pawling Avenue Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, the Third
Presbyterian Church, and the Troy &
Albia Horse Car Company's depot, are
on the north side of Washington Street.
The engine house of the Hope Steam
Fire Engine Company, No 7, is on
the south side of the street, near the
Grist-mill road. Horse cars run to
Albia half-hourly in the day-time from
the intersection of Congress and River
streets.

American District Tele-
graph Company. (See Tele-
graph Companies.)

American House, on the south-
east comer of Third and Fulton
streets, is one of the largest hotels in
the city.

Americas Club, organized No-
vember 5, 1 87 1, meets on Thursday
evenings at No. 378 Second Street.

Apollo Hall, on the second floor
of the building on the southeast cor-
ner of Congress and River streets, is
occupied by the Troy Turn Verein.

Apothecaries. — In the city
there are about thirty-seven places
where drugs and medicines are sold.
Among the number of well-known
apothecaries are

Charles H. Bosworth, No. 31a
River Street, on the east side, between
Franklin Square and Fulton Street.
On May 15, 1882, he became propri-
etor of this long-established drug and
prescription store The business was
begun in 1849 by Gurdon B. Wallace,
at No. 282 River Street. Henry H.
Becker and Philip D. Hosford, of the
firm of Becker & Hosford, succeeded
to it in 1852. In 1853 they removed

the store to No. 314 River Street. In
1854, Henry H. Becker became pro-
prietor of it. In 1856, Samuel O.
Gleason purchased it, and continued
in the business at No. 314 River Street
until the fire of May 10, 1862, when
the building was burned. In August,
that year, he took possession of the
storeroom No. 312 River Street, where
he remained in business until he was
succeeded by Charles H. Bosworth.
During the twenty-seven years in
which the latter has been in the busi-
ness, he was a member of the firm of
C. H. Bosworth & Co., apothecaries,
at the southeast comer of Bridge
Avenue and River Street, and after-
wards of the firm of H. C. Sheldon
& Co., at No. 246 River Street. Be-
sides drugs and proprietary medicines,
he has a large variety of toilet prepa-
rations, extracts, and powders. He
has also many kinds of trusses, from
which buyers can obtain any desirable
shape. He has also a large stock of
surgical appliances, splints, bandages,
elastic stockings and abdominal sup-
porters. He is agent for the Bethes-
da Mineral Spring Company, of Wau-
kesha, Wisconsin. The medicinal
benefits of the Bethesda water in the
treatment of the different forms of
Bright's disease, and of diabetes, are
well known, and many persons afflict-
ed with kidney ailments have given
testimonials of the therapeutic value
of the water. It can be obtained at
the store in small and large quantities.
Beside keeping the Bethesda spring
water on draught, he has the waters
of the Saratoga springs on draught.
He js the sole agent for the sale of
the Andrus patent porous buckskin
under-garments in the city, and for
the sale of Dr. Waters* celebrated
pulmonica. He also fills orders for
i choice cut flowers.

Robert Glass, southeast comer
of Second and Madison streets. (See
Addenda.)

Herman Gnadendorff, No. 14
Second Street, east side, between
Broadway and State Street. (See
Addenda.)

Alexander M. KkowLSON, No.
350 Broadway. He possesses one of
the most attractive drug, medicine
and prescription stores in the city.
Spacious, well-lighted, tastefully fur-
nished, it presents those admirable
features comporting with the business
which he has so long and successfully
conducted. His first predecessor,
Charles Heimstreet, began it at No.
10 State Street, in January, 1836. The
latter, in 1 851, and his clerk, William
E. Hagan, formed the partnership of
Charles Heimstreet & Co. On the
death of the senior partner, Novem-
ber 25, 1854, William E. Hagan, suc-
ceeded to the business, which he con-
ducted until 1858, when he and Fitz
Henry Knight became partners in the
firm of William E. Hagan & Co. In
1 861 F. H. Knight withdrew to enter
the army. In November, 1862, Wil-
liam E. Hagan moved his store to
No. I First Street, south of the Troy
House. On February 16, 1864, Alex-
ander M. Knowlson purchased the
stock and interest of William E.
Hagan and continued in the business
at the same place until January, 10,
1 87 1, when he moved to the building
No. 350 Broadway. Besides having
all the conveniences of a judiciously
arranged pharmaceutical establish-
ment, the store contains a large and
expensive stock of drugs and medi-
cines. Knowlson's 471 1 cologne,
tooth-wash, aromatic dentifrice, gly-
cerine jelly, quinine hair-tonic, and
other special toilet preparations sus-
tain the high commendation bestowed
upon them. In the prescription de-
partment the best and finest drugs are
used, and the compounding of them
is done only by registered pharmacists.
In the manufacture of butter of cocoa
suppositories by the cold piocesi»

A. M. KNOWLSON'S pharmacy, 35O BROADWAY.

which secures an equal distribution
of the medicinal ingredients, Knowl-
son's patent suppository machine is
used. Being equal in weight and
uniform in shape, the Knowlson sup-
positories are superior to those differ-
ently made. The mineral waters of
Saratoga can be obtained on draught
at the store in the natural condition
in which they were taken from the
different springs, being hydrostatically
drawn from block-tin lined barrels by
an automatic apparatus devised by
Prof. D. M. Greene, of Troy. A. M.
Knowlson also has for sale an exceed-
ingly large collection of choice and
rare roses and other cut flowers from
numerous green houses in the vicinity
of Troy and New York City. His
command of any number or kind of
flowers is almost unlimited, and per-
sons desiring any for weddings, recep-
tions, dinners or other entertainments,
can obtain them at short notice by
leaving orders at the store or by trans-
mitting them by telephone. Bouquets
and floral designs are made by an
artist specially employed by him for
such work.

Edward F. Leahy, southeast cor-
ner of Hoosick and North Second
streets. (See Addenda.)

David F. Magill, No. lo King
Street, east side. (See Addenda.)

Cardinal H. Shacklady, north-
west comer of Fulton and Fifth
streets. (See Addenda.)

Elijah W. Stoddard, southwest
corner of Congress and Third streets.
(See Addenda.)

Architects.—

Brown & Dawson, room 12, sec-
ond floor of Keenan Building, north-
west corner of Broadway and Third
Street. (See Addenda.)

M. F. CUMMINGS, rooms 10 and 11
Times Building, northeast comer of
Broadway and Third Street. (See
Addenda.)

Clarence B. Cutler, room 4,
Troy Savings Bank Building, north-
east comer of Second and State
streets. (See Addenda.)

Armory, New York State, is

on the southeast comer of Ferry and
River streets. The state appropriated
on March 15, 1883, $75,000 to pur-
chase a site and erect on it a new
armory for the military organizations
in the city belonging to the National
Guard. For the site of the building
the International Hotel property and
the lot and building south of it were
purchased April 6, that year. In the
spring of 1884, Brown & Dawson,
architects, having fumished the plans
and specifications, the erection of the
armory was begun. The corner-stone
was laid on July 4 in the presence of
the Sixth, Twelfth and Twenty-First
separate companies, the Fourth Bat-
tery, the municipal authorities, and an
assemblage of citizens, by Major-Gen-
eral Joseph B. Carr, commanding the
fifth brigade, third division of the
National Guard. The Rev. William
Taylor, of the Universalist Church,
offered a prayer, the Hon. Martin I.
Townsend delivered an address, and
the Rev. J. Ireland Tucker, D. D.,
of the Church of the Holy Cross,
pronounced a benediction. The me-
tallic box placed in the cavity of the
corner-stone contained histories of the
military companies present, a copy of
the act appropriating the money to
trect the armory, a lithograph of the
building, a history of its site, copies
of the city newspapers, and a volume
of the History of the city of Troy,
1876, by A. J. Weise, presented by
the publisher, William H. Young.
The building was completed and oc-

cupied in March, 1886. The front-
age of the armory on Ferry Street is
130 feet ; depth on River Street, 150
feet. The height of the west tower
from the pavement is 88 feet ; that of
the east one, 84 feet. The company
rooms in the front part of the build-
ing are entered from the hall, 12
feet wide,. extending to the drill-room.

were contributed by the different com-
panies to furnish their respective
rooms.

The Fourth Battery (Troy City
Artillery,) rooms are i, 2 and 3, on
the first floor, on the west side of the
hall. Those of the Sixth Sepa-
rate (Infantry) Company, (Troy Citi-
zens* Corps,) are 7, 8 and 9 on the sec-

NEW YORK STATE ARMORY, CORNER FERRY AND RIVER STREETS.

which is 100 by 130 feet, and has a
gallery on the north side. On the
west side of the basement is an artil-
lery room, 38 by 100 feet. Besides
the appropriation of $75,000, the state

ond floor, immediately over those of
the Fourth Battery. The west octag-
onal room on the third floor is occu-
pied by the Old Guard of the Troy
Citizens* Corps. The rooms of the

made another of $10,000 to complete Twenty-First Separate (Infantry)
the armory. The county of Rensse- Company (Tibbits* Cadets,) are 4, 5
laer, in the spring of 1883, appropri- and 6 on the first floor, on the east
ated $7,000 toward the purchase of side of the hall. Those of the
the site. About $10,000 additional Twelfth Separate (Infantry) Com-

pany (Tibbits' Sons of Veterans) are
lo, II and 12, on the second floor,
above those of the Twenty-First Com-
pany. The company has also an oc-
tagonal room on the third floor.

The homestead of Jacob D. Van
der Heyden, known as the Patroon
of Troy, once occupied a part of the
site of the armory. On February 9,
1803, he conveyed the properly to his
son, Derick Y., who removed the "old
feny^iouse" and erected on its site
a two-story, brick dwelling. Some
years aften^'ard, Derick Y. Van der
Heyden went to the island of Santa
Cruz, West Indies, to recuperate his
failing health, but he was not benefited
by the change of residence, and died
there, February i, 1818. To trans-
port the body to Troy on a vessel
without detection, the corpse was sus-
pended in a hogshead filled with rum.
It reached its destination, and was
transferred in one of the rooms of the
dwelling to a coflin. In 1831, a third
story was added to the building, which
then took the name of the National
Hotel. While professionally attend-
ing a session of the Rensselaer County
Court, Aaron Burr had rooms in the
hotel for himself and his negro ser-
vant. A number of years afterward
a man and a woman, representing
themselves as married, took rooms
and board in the house. A week
afterward they were found dead in
bed with their throats cut. The un-
known people explained in a note
that extreme poverty had caused them
to commit suicide. In 1864, Charles
C. Coitrell undertook the manage-
ment of the hotel, which he called
the St Charles. His successor, Gar-
den Hay, in 1866, changed the name
10 that of the International Hotel,
which designation it retained until
the demolition of the building in the
spring of 1884

The old New York State Armory,
No. 134 River Street, east side, be-

tween Congress and Ferry streets, *
was erected in i860.

Art Store.—

Edgar L. Everett's art store.
No. I Kecnan Building, on the north
side of Broadway, between Second
and Third streets, is well-known for
its large and attractive collection of
fine paintings, engravings, etchings,
statuary, rare china and cut glass-
ware, unique bronzes and bric-a-brac,
it has become a much frequented
place of supply for those purchasing
artists's materials and those having
pictures to frame. In 1869, Edgar
L. Everett, i?tith his father, formed
the firm of Lorenzo C. Everett & Son,
dealers in picture frames and artists*s
materials, at No. 2 First Street, on the
site of the Hall Building. On the
demolition of the building in 1870,
the store was removed to No. 12
Third Street. On the death of his
father, Edgar L. Everett succeeded to
the business. In 1872, he occupied
the store. No. 5 Times Building, in
which he continued to do business until
1 88 1, when he moved to his -present
store on Broadway, in the Kcenan
Building, immediately east of the
Mansion House.

Associations. — (See Island
Pakk Association; Railroad
Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion ; Robert Emmet Association ;
Troy Scientific Association; Troy
Young Men's Association; Troy
Young Men's Catholic Literary
Association ; Young Women's As-
sociation.)

Asylums.—

St. Vincent's Female Orphan
Asylum is on the southwest ctrner
of Washington and Fifth streets. The
institution was projected about the
year 1848, by the Rev. Peter Haver-
mans of St. Mary's Roman Catholic

Church, and was first named St. Mary's
Orphan Asylum. On the completion
of the Troy Hospital, a part of it was
used as an asylum. In 1854, the
children were removed to the brick
building erected for an asylum on the
west side of Hill Street, at its intersec-
tion with Fifth Street. The loca-
tion being unsuitable, the brick
building, No. 185 Third Street, was
occupied as an asylum about the year
1859. In 1865, the name of the
institution was changed to that of
St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum,
In 1866, the buildings, No. 20 and 22
Liberty Street, became the property
of the asylum. On the erection of
the new Troy Hospital, on the east
side of Eighth Street, at the head of
Fulton Street, the old hospital on the
southwest comer of Fifth and Wash-
ington streets was vacated. In May,
1873, it was purchased for the asy-
lum and occupied in the fall of that
year. About 180 orphan girls, be-
tween the ages of three and twelve
years, are at present inmates of the
asylum, which is in charge of ten
Sisters of Charity.

Trov Cathouc Male Orphan
Asylum, northeast comer of Bedford
and Hanover streets. The asylum
was projected by the Rev. Peter
Havermans, pastor of St. Mary's
Roman Catholic Church. It was
first at No. 237 Fourth Street, be-
tween Washington and Adams streets.
In 1854, it was removed to a building
on the east side of Fifth Street, be-
tween Washington and Adams streets.
The institution was named St.
Mary's Male Orphan Asylum. On
Saturday, May 5, 1866, the building
was set on fire and burned. The
orphans were temporarily cared for
by a number of charitable people
until another asylum was erected
on the site of the burned build-
ing with a part of the material of

the barracks, on the grounds of the
Rensselaer County Agricultural So-
ciety, used by the volunteer soldiers.
The comer-stone of the present four-
story, brick building was laid by the
Right Rev. J. J. Conroy, Bishop of
Albany, June 24, 1866. The build-
ing was occupied in 1868. Seventeen
trastees control the finances of the
institution, and fourteen Brothers of
the Christian Schools are intmsted
with the care and education of the
orphans, whose ages range from two
to twelve years. About 350 are at
present in the asylum. About 200
day-scholars attend the school con-
nected with It. The Rev. Brother
Alexander is the present director of
the institution.

Troy Orphan' Asylum is on the
east side of Eighth Street, between
Hutton and Hoosick streets. A number
of persons, desiring to ameliorate the
condition of orphan and destitute
children in the city, met in the
mayor's court-room in the court-
house on October 22, 1833, and or-
ganized the Troy Association for the
Relief of Destitute Children. The
name of the association was changed
on December 17, 1834, to that of
The Troy Orphan Asylum. The act
incorporating the institution wias
passed, April 10, 1835. It gave the
management of the estate and con-
cerns of the asylum to a board of
twenty-one tmstee.s. The first were
David Buel, jr., Thomas L. Ostrom,
Gurdon Grant. Griffith P. Griffith,
Thaddeus B. BigeloW, Ashael Gil-
bert, jr., William W. Whipple, Amos
Allen, Richard P. Hart, John
Thomas, Stephen Warren, P. H.
Buckley, Elias Lasell, Jacob D.
Lansing, Gardner Landon, Elias
Patlison, George Vail, Jacob Merritt,
John S. McCoun, Day O. Kellogg,
and John Paine. In 1834, a building,
then known as No. 52 Third Street,

was rented for an asylum. In 1836,
the institution was moved to a two-
story, brick building, on a plot of
ground running from Grand Division
to Federal Street, between Sixth and
Eighth streets. On May 10, I862,
the building, No. 65 Grand Division
Street, was burned in the great fire of
that day. The asylum was then
temporarily moved to Lansingburgh;

In 1884, Apollo Commandery,
Knights Templars, finished an unfin-
i-;hed part of the third story for a
dormitory. In December, 1885, the
asylum's permanent fund amounted
to $71,931.61, from which an income
of $4,157.00 was derived. A large
sum, however, is annually needed to
meet the current expenses of the in-
stitution, which is still partly de-

TROY ORPHAN ASYLUM.

1 10 orphans being then in the institu-
tion. Mrs. Betsey A. Hart having
given $10,000 and a number of
citizens a similar amount, and the
State of New York having appro-
priated $5,000, the three-story, brick
building, No. 294 Eighth Street, was
erected and occupied in 1864. From
1850 to 1885, legacies and gifts
amounting to $74,000 were received.

pendent upon the yearly contributions
of its friends and pajrments made by
the city. The present number of
orphans in the asylum is about 100.
The whole number of orphans
registered since its organization,
1,743. The matron is Miss Grace L.
White. Present officers: Charles W.
Tillinghast, president; Lewis E.
Gurley, vice president; William H.

Hollister, jr., secretary; Aaron Vail,
treasurer; Otis G. Clark, John S.
Perry, Harvey J. King, Joseph W.
Fuller, George H. Starbuck, Dudley
Tibbits, P. M. Converse, Francis N.
Mann, jr., Aaron Vail, John Wool
Griswold. Charles W. Tillinghast,
Uri Gilbert, Lewis E. Gurley,
Charles N. Lockwood, William
Kemp, William Howard Doughty,
William H. Hollister, jr.. Liberty Gil-
bert, Walter P. Warren, Henry G.
Ludlow, and George B. Cluett,
tnistees .

Athenseum Building, The,

on the east side of First Street, between
River and State streets, was erected
by ihe Troy Saving Bank in 1845.
(See City Hall and Troy Young
Men's Association.)

Bachelor Club, The, occupies
rooms on the second floor of Kennedy
Hall, No. 13 Third Street.

BallSton Spa, seat of justice of
Saratoga County, twenty-hve miles
from Troy, on the Rensselaer and Sar-
atoga Railroad, was incorporated
March 21, 1807. The Saratoga and
SchcUctiady Railroad extends through
the village, li was first called IJalls-
town in honor of the Rev. Eliphalet
Hall, who, in 1769, came from Bed-
ford, Wt'Sichcsier County, and settled
about two and a half miles from the
springs 011 land sold to pay for the sur-
vey ol the ICayaderosseras patent. In
1792, the name was changed to Balls-
ton. 1 he mineral spring at the north
end of the village was discovered m
1 769. N icholas Low, in 1 803-4, erected
the Sans Souci hotel In 18 13 Bails-
ton Spa was described as a * 'village of
1 10 houses and stores, an academy, a
small meeting house, and some very
large boarding houses. The Sans
Souci hotel is thought to be one of the
most elegant and exteniive in Amer-

ica, and has accommodated 170 board-
ers and lodgers ; bat it is designed for
about 130 only." The waters of the
different springs at Ballston have for
many years had a wide reputation for
their therapeutic mineral properties.
During the summer season, they attract
large numbers of visitors to the place,
which contains some pretty residences
and several large hotels. Its various
manufactories give employment to
many of its inhabitants. The Balls-
ton Journal and the Ballston Demo-
crat are published weekly. There
are two national banks in the place.
The churches are one Baptist, one
Episcopal, one Methodist, one Presby-
terian, and one Roman Catholic.
Population 3,011.

Bands.—

Doring's Military Band. — The
Watervliet Arsenal Cornet Band was
organized in 1846, by E. P. Jones.
In 1 85 1, its members were discharged
from the service of the United States.
In the fall of that year the organiza-
tion took the name of the Troy
Cornet Band. In May, 1861, its
members enlisted in the service of
the United States and was attach-
ed to the Second Regiment, New
York Volunteers. After serving
eighteen months, the members were
discharged under the general or-
der discontinuing regimental band^.
Charles Doring, in 1857, succeeded E.
P. Jones as leader of the band. It
was incorporated in 1869 as Doring's
Military Band.

Maschke's Cadet Band was or-
ganized in 1880 by Edwin J. Maschke,
who since then has been' its leader.

Bankers and Brokers.—

CipPERLY, Cole & Haslehurst.
(See Insurance.)

Ogden, Calder & Co., bank-
ers and brokers, at No. z6 First

BANKING HOUSE OF OGDEN, CALDER & CO.

Street, transact a general banking
business and issue letters of credit and
drafts available in all parts of
America and Europe. The firm buys
and sells all classes of investment
securities, and executes orders on
commission in the stock exchanges
of Boston, New York and Philadel-
phia, wiih all of which the firm has
connection by private wires, and is
thus enabled to serve its customers
with secrecy and dispatch. As early
as 1824. John D. W. Calder engaged
in the business at No. 238 River
Street, two doors north of the Troy
House. He was succeeded shortly
afterward by the firm of Calder
& Co., which continued until 1834.
In 1856, G. Parish Ogden, the senior
member of the firm of Ogden, Calder
& Co., began the business of a banker
and broker, in Green's Building, on
the southeast corner of Albany
(Broadway) and Fourth streets. In
1863, he and William C. Hart
formed the firm of G. Parish Ogden
& Co., doing business at No. 11
First Street until 1865, when they
moved their banking house to the
Farmers' Bank Building, No. 16
First Street, east side, between River
and State streets. On the with-
drawal of William C. Hart, in 1870,
Ezra R. Vail became associated with
G. Parish Ogden; the name of G.
Parish Ogden & Co., being retained
by the firm. Gouvemeur Ogden, the
son of the senior member of the firm,
was admitted as a copartner in 1879.
On the withdrawal of Ezra R. Vail,
the firm of Ogden, Calder & Co., was
formed in 1883 ; the co-partners
being G. Parish Ogden, J. Frank
Calder and Gouvemeur Ogden. The
firm as agents represent the Liverpool
and London and Globe Company,
the Germania, the Standard, the
Commercial Union, the British
America, the Union of San Francisco,
and other fire insurance companies.

The firm also effects marine, life, ac-
cident, and boiler insurance.

Banks.—

Since 1801, eighteen banks have
been established in Troy, eight of
which discontinued business, and one
became bankrupt.

Extinct Banks.—

Farmers* Bank. The merchants
of Troy, Lansingburgh, and Water-
ford, previous to the establishment
of this bank, transacted their bank-
ing business in Albany. On March
31, 1 801, the act to incorporate the
Farmers' Bank, with a capital not ex-
ceeding $300,000, was passed. The
first directors named in the act were :
John Woodworth, Daniel Merritt,
Benjamin Tibbits, Christopher Hut-
ton, Townsend McCoun, and
Ephraim Morgan, Troy ; Elijah
Janes, Charles Selden, John D. Dick-
inson, James Hickok, and Wil-
Ham Bradley, Lansingburgh ; Guert
Van Schoonhoven, and Samuel
Stewart, Waterford. The bank build-
ing was to be located in the town
of Troy, at a place which Hosea Moffit,
Jonathan Brown, John E. Van Alen,
and James McKown, ox any three
of them might select, but near the
road leading from Troy to Lansing-
burgh, and not farther north than
Mill Creek, the (Piscawen Kill), nor
farther south than the house of Joshua
Raymond. The building was to be
erected and so far completed as to
permit the transaction of the business
of the bank in it, on December i,
1801. Respecting the site of the
bank, the following action was taken
by the directors at a meeting held at
Jacobs* tavern, in Lansingburgh, June
29, 1 801 :

Resolved^ unanimously^ That in
case the lot for the temporary place of
the establishment of the bank shall
fell to the village of Troy, that we

will point out to the commissioners
the house of Joshua Raymond in the
village of Troy as the house contem-
plate in the act, and in case it should
fall to the village of Lansingburgh,
we will immediately cause a tempo-
rary building to be erected on the
middle ground at or near the place
contemplated by the commissioners
for transacting the business until the
legislature shall have decided on the
petition of the directors. ♦ * *

Resolved^ uftanimously. That we
will unite in a petition to the legis-
lature at the next session for obtain-
ing the alterations in the act of incor-
poration to enable the directors to
carry into effect the matters contem-
plated in the resolutions of the board
respecting the permanent and tem-
porary place for the building, and that
we will unitedly and severally use our
best exertions in the premises. * * *

** Resolved, That we will severally
keep secret the rent of the lot for the
temporary place of establishing the
bank and our resolutions this day
passed respecting the jame, until the
further order of the board on the same.

4* * 41

Resolved t unanimously^ That this
board will immediately proceed to de-
termine by lot agreeable to the resolu-
tions of the 6ih day of June, as
amended, the temporary place for the
establishment of the bank, and that
Mr. Bradley do prepare and roll up
for the purpose five ballots with the
word Lansingburgh written thereon,
and five ballots with the word
Troy written thereon; that the same
be placed and shook together in a hat
by Mr. Hutton, and drawn by Mr.
Merritt blindfold in the presence of
the board, and that the said tempora-
ry place bhall be at the village, the
name of which shall be written on two
of the three first ballots so to be drawn.
* * * Mr. Merritt drew one after
another three ballots out of the hat so

prepared, on opening which it ap-
peared that the word Lansingburgh
was written on the two first and the
word Troy on the third."

In July, at a meeting at Ashley's
tavern, in Troy, the directors deter-
mined to accept two lots in Middle-
burgh, (a collection of houses around
Mount Olympus), tendered by Jacob
D. Van der Heyden, and to purchase
two adjoining lots, and to erect on the
plot a two-story, brick building. 30 by
40 feet. In November, the dii ectors
met for the first time in the banking
house, and resolved that the bank
should begin business on December i;
that the banking hours should be
from 10 A. M. to 2 P. M.; that no note
less than |200 should be discounted
for a longer time than fifty-six days ;
that the rate of discount should be
six per cent; and that all paper offered
for discount should be inclosed in
"sealed covers" addressed to the
cashier. The vault of the bank was
a small, arched, brick crypt built in
the cellar of the building, which is
still standing on the' northwest corner
of River and Middleburgh streets,
and which in 1883 was converted
into a three-story dwelling. (See
Rensselaer Polytechnic Insti-
tute) By the act passed April 6,
1808, the bank's charter was extended
to the first Tuesday of March,;[i82r,
and the directors were permitted to
remove the institution to 'the com-
pact part" of Troy. On November
15, 1808, the new bank building on
First Street, on the second lot south of
the one on the southwest corner of
First and State streets, was occupied.
The building was burned in the large
fire of June 20. 1820. The bank was
then moved to the building on the
northeast corner of First and State
streets, and, in 1830, to the building
next north of it, now the banking
house of Ogden, Calder & Co., where
the institution discontinued business.

Febmary 27, 1865. (See United
National Bank).

Presidents: John D. Dickinson,
April 9, 1801, to 1828; Townsend
McCoun, 1828 to 1835 ; Gurdon Com-
ing, 1835 to 1842 ; James Van Schoon-
hoven, 1842 to 1853; John T. Mc-
Coun, 1853 to 1861; E. Thompson
Gale, February 7, 1861, to 1865.

Cashiers : Hugh Peebles, April 9,
1801. to 182- ; James Van Schoon-
hoven, 182- to 1837 ; Philander Wells,
1837 to 1858; Charles P. Hartt, 1858
to 1865.

Bank of Troy. — The act to in-
corporate the Bank of Troy was
passed March 22, 1811. The capital
stock was divided into 20,000 shares,
each $25, exclusive of the amount
taken by the State, but its subscrip-
tion was not to exceed 2,000 shares.
The institution was to be under the
management of seventeen directors;
three chosen by the governor and
and council of appointment, (of these
three, one director was to reside at
Lansingbuigh, another at Troy, and
the third at Waterford, the other
fourteen elected by the stockhold-
ers, (four to reside at Lansing-
burgh, six at Troy, and four
at Waterford). The directors were

Krmitted to establish branch banks at
msingburgh and Waterford. but at
these no paper was to be discounted.
On March 12, 18 13. the bank was
authorized to establish a branch bank
at Waterford for deposits and dis-
counting paper. On April 9, 1813,
another act was passed permitting the
five directors who were to reside at
Lansingbuigh, to reside in Rensselaer
and Saratoga counties. The act of
February 4, 18 14, permitted the five
directors who were to reside at Water-
ford to reside in any part of the state.
By the act of April 22, 1829, the
the right of the directors to establish
a branch bank at Waterford was ab-

rogated. The first directors were :
Albert Pawling, Benjamin Smith,
Joseph D. Selden, Ebenezer Jones,
Esaias Warren, Richard P. Hart,
Jacob Merritt, Thomas Trenor, Alan-
son Douglass, Jonathan Burr, John
Stewart, Roger Skinner, John Cra-
mer, John T. Close, Moses Scott,
Richard Davis, jr., and John House
The business of the bank immedi-
ately after the occupation of the bank
building, on the northwest corner of
First and Stale streets greatly ex-
ceeded the expectations of its organ-
izers and the institution for a number
of years paid dividends of eight and
sometimes as high as eight and a half
per cent. (See United National
Bank.)

Presidents: Esaias Warren, 1811 to
1829 ; Stephen Warren, 1829 to 1847 ;
Nathan Dauchy, 1847 to 1853 ; Jo-
seph M. Warren, 1853 to 1865.

Cashiers: Alanson Douglass, 1811
to 1828 : Stephen R. Warren, 1828 to
1831 ; Thaddeus W. Patchin. 183 1 to
1837 ; John Paine, 1837 to 1852 ;
John P. Nazro, 1852 to 1856 ; Tracy
Taylor, 1856 to 1865.

The Merchants and Mechanics*
Bank was chartered April 29, 1829.
Its first directors were George Vail,
Jedediah Tracy, Rufus Richards, Na-
than Warren, Elias Pattison, John
P. Cushman, Jonas C. Heartt, Gur-
don Grant, Jeremiah Chichester, Sam-
uel Pitcher, Isaac McConihe, Wil-
liam Smith, and Stephen W Dana.
At the first meeting of the directors in
July, 1829, George Vail was elected
pre>idenl, and Alansoa Douglass cash-
ier. The bank began business in its
building, No 16 First Street. On
February 22, 1865, the bank became
the Met chants and Mechanics* Na-
tional Bank of Troy. On October 31,
1878, the bank was enjoined from
doing business, its accounts showing
that the Schaghticoke Woolen Mills,

at Hart's FaUs, N. Y., were indebted
to the bank, $430,867.98, and that the
bank's liabilities exceeded the assets,
$465,664. Capital stock $300,000.

Presidents: George Vail, 1829 to
185 1 ; D. Thomas Vail, 1851 to 1856 ;
John Kerr, 1856 to 1857 ; D. Thomas
Vail, 1857 to 1878.

Cashiers : Alanson Douglass, 1829
to 1837 ; Charles S. Douglass, 1837 to
1851 ; Tracy Taylor, 185 1 to 1856 ;
Francis Sims, 1856 to 1878.

Howard Trust and Banking
Company established February i,
1839, with a capital of $100,000. Its
banking rooms were at No. 10 First
Street. William Howard, Harrison
Durkee, and Isaac B. Hart were its
first directors ; William Howard being
elected president, and George Q. Pom-
eroy cashier of the institution. The
company, having paid all its liabilities
in full, discontinued business in 1843.
From 1840 to 1843 its banking rooms
were at No. 205 River Street.

Commercial Bank op Troy or-
ganized under the general banking
law of the state, began business in
August, 1839, at No. 5 J Second Street,
north of the Mansion House, with a
capital of $200,000 The first direc-
tors were : Benjamin Marshall, Elias
Plum, John D. Willard. Latham Cor-
nell, Joseph Russell, Elias Dorlon, S.
W. Britton, T. Mann, J. G. Bacon, E.
Caipenter, John W. Bates, Charles H.
Kellogg, and E. F. Grant. In 1842
the bank was removed to No. i Frank-
lin Square, and in the spring of 1846
to the room on the north side of the
hall of the Athenaeum Building, No.
10 First Street. It continued busi-
ness until 1862, when it clo ed its ac-
counts, paying nearly 180 per cent on
its stock.

Presidents: Robert D. Silliman,
1839 to 1847 ; Elias Plum, 1847 to
1S62.

Cashiers: Frederick Leake» 1839 to
1853 ; Charles R. Richards, 1853 to
1855 ; Frederick Leake, 1855 to l86a.

Market Bank of Troy, oij^-
ized in Januaiy, 1853, with a capital
of $200,000. Its first directors were
Jeremiidi S. Hakes, Joseph Daggett,
Elias Johnson, Hiram House, Henry
R. Hubbell, Harvey Church, Augus-
tus Lester, Noyes H. W. Reynwds,
Hiram Miller, David S. McNamara,
M. J. Bockes, and William J. Baucus.
The bank began business in Septem-
ber in the Market Bank Building, No.
280 River Street. In January, 1865,
the bank was discontinued ; the Na*
tional Exchange Bank succeeding to
its business.

Presidents: Jeremiah S. Hakes,
1853 to 1858 ; Hiram Miller, 1858 to
1865.

Cashiers : Albert C. Gunnison, 1853
to 1859; John H. Neher, 1859 to
1864; Shepard Tappen, 1864 to 1865.

Troy Savings Company was or-
ganized June 29, 1854, under the act
for the incorporation of building, mu-
tual loan and accumulating fund asso-
ciations, passed April 10, 1 851.
The first officers were Uri Gil-
bert, president ; Joseph U. Orvis,
vice president; and John P. Al-
bertson, secretary and treasurer. The
office of the company was at No.
18 First Street. $150,000 was the
largest amount of deposits ever held
by the company. The accounts of
the company were closed in 1880.

First National Bank of Troy
was organized October 17, 1863, with
a capital of $200,000. The bank be-
gan business at No. 218 River Street,
January I, 1864, and on May i, re-
moved to No. 15 First Street. On
January 27, 1864, the capital was in-
creased to $300,000. The first di-
rectors were Thomas Coleman, Rich-
ardson"H. Thurman, Lyman Bennett,

Otis G, Clark, William L. Van Al-
st)me, Edward R. Swasey, .Hugh
Ranken, Charles Eddy, Charles E.
Dusenberry, and David B. Cox. The
bank discontinued business February
24, 1883, and was succeeded by the
National Bank of Troy.

President: Thomas Coleman, Oc-
tober 24, 1863, to February 24, 1883.

Cashier: Richardson H. Thur-
man, October 24, 1863, to February
24, 1883.

Tellers : Frederick P. Allen. 1863
to 1866; William G. Crissey. 1866 to
1873 ; J' Spencer Gamsey, 1873 to
1875; George H. Morrison, 1875 to
1883.

National Exchange Bank of
Troy was organized January, 1865,
with a capital of $100,000. The bank
succeeded to the business of the Mar-
ket Bank. (See Market Bank.)
The first directors were : Hiram
House, Hiram Miller, A. J. Pine, W.
J. Baucus, William Gurley, A. B.
Morgan and Lucius Wright. The
bank began business in the Market
Bank Building, No. 280 River Street.
In 1877 the bank discontinued busi-
ness, papng all its liabilities.

Presidents : Hiram Miller, 1865 to
1877 ; William Gurley, 1877.

Cashier : Shepard Tappen, 1865 to
1S77.

Existing Banks. — There are
nine banks in the city. The Troy
Savings Bank has deposits aggregating
about $5,000,000. The capital of the
eight national banks is $1,890,000.

Troy Savings Bank is on the
northeast comer of Second and State
streets. The act incorporating the
bank was passed April 23, 1823. At
a meeting of the board of managers
at Piatt Titus' inn, (the Troy House),
on Friday, August i, that year,
Townsend McCoun was elected presi-

dent of the bank. The by-laws pro-
vided that the bank should be opened
on every Saturday evening, from 6 to
8 o'clock ; that deposits of $1 and of
larger amounts should be received ;
that no interest should be paid on
sums less than $5 ; and that no frac-
tional part of a dollar should be ac-
cepted. On Saturday evening, August
30, the bank began business in the
Farmers' Bank, on the northeast cor-
ner of First and State streets, receiv-
ing from the first depositor, Martha
Jefferson, a colored woman, $20. The
deposits of that evening amounted to
$359i The Troy Savings Bank was
in 1824 removed to the Bank of Troy,
on the northwest comer of First and
State streets. In 1832 deposits were
received at the office of the treasurer,
Jacob L. Lane, No. 53 First Street.
In 1836, he removed his office to No.
8 First Street. In 1845, the bank
erected the Athenaeum Building, now
the property of the Troy Young Men's
Association, on the east side of First
Street, between River and State
streets. On its completion in 1846,
the Savings Bank was removed to the
banking room of the Commercial
Bank, which occupied the front room
on the first floor of the Athenseum
Building, on the north side of the
hall. In 1850, the Troy Savings Bank
occupied the front room on the soufh
side of the hall where it remained
until its removal on March 25, 1875,
to the new and attractive granite
building, on the northeast comer of
Second and State streets. The build-
ing cost about $435,000 ; the money
being a part of the accumulated
eamings of the bank. (See Music
Hall.) Amount of deposits on Jan-
uary I, 1886, $4,965,063.06

Presidents : Townsend McCoun,
1823 to 1834; Richard P. Hart, 1834
to 1839; Stephen Warren, 1839 to
1847 ; Gurdon Coming, 1847 to I850;

'"1 i# I

Jared S. Weed, 1850 to 1870 ; Charles
B.)Russell, 1870 to present time.

Secretaries and accountants : John
Paine, 1823 to 1829 ; Jacob L. Lane,
1829 to 1846 ; Frederick Leake, 1846
to 1850; Ferdinand J. Suydam, 1850
to 1851; Adam R. Smith, 1851 ; Joseph
J. Tillinghast, 1851 to 1855 '. Charles
B. Russell. 1855 to 1870; Charles N.
Lockwood, 1870 to 1875 ; William M.
Coming, 1875 to present time.

Treasurer: Charles N. Lockwood
from 1875 to present time.

Troy City National Bank, on
the southeast corner of Fourth and
Grand Division streets, was organized
January i, 1865, with a capital of
$500,000. It succeeded to the busi-
ness of the Troy City Bank, incor-
porated April 19, 1833, with a capital
of $300,000. On Wednesday, July
10, 1833, the stockholders at Wash-
ington Hall, No. 331 River Street,
elected Richard P. Hart, Robert D.
Silliman, Alsop Weed, Henry Vail,
John T. McCoun, George B. Warren,
Job Pierson, Abraham Van Tuyl, Gil-
bert Reilay, William P. Haskin,
Thaddeus B. Bigelow. Anson Arnold,
and Elnathan F. Grant directors of
the institution. On July 11, the bank
began business in a room above Bus-
kirk & Proudfit's store in the building,
No. 3 Franklin Square. When the
brick banking house on the southeast
comer of Fourth and Grand Division
streets was finished, the bank was
moved to it, on September 13. In the
great fire of Saturday afternoon. May
10, 1862, it was bumed, but most of
the books and money was removed.
The contents of the vault were found
uninjured. On Monday, the bank
continued its business in the building.
No. 220 River Street, formerly occu-
pying a part of the site of ihe Hall
Building. On June 13, 1863, the bank
was moved into its present, attractive,
iron building on the site of the first

banking house. On May 10, 1877,

the capital of the bank was reduced to
$300,000, by the payment of $200,000
to the stockholders.

Present directors: Charles K. Brown,
William Howard Doughty, Charles
Cleminshaw, John I. Thompson,
George A. Stone, Samuel B. Sanford,
John Don, Henry H. Darling, John A.
Manning, Charles N. Lockwood,
David M. Greene, James K. P. Pine,
and William H. Frear.

Presidents : Richard P. Hart, 1830
to 1844 ; George B. Warren, 1844 to
1857 ; John A. Griswold, 1857 to 1873;
Hannibal Green, 1873 to 1875 ; John
B. Pierson, 1875 to August 12, 1885 ;
George A. Stone, September 28, 1885,
to present time.

Cashiers : George R. Davis, 1833 ;
Silas K Stow, 1833 to 1863 ; George
F. Sims, 1863 to 1873; George A.
Stone, 1873 to September 28, 1885 ;
Oscar E. Van Zile, September 28,
1885, to present time.

Tellers: Harrison Durkee, 1833 to
1835; William Siimpson, 1836 to
1838 ; Charles P. Hartt, 1839 ^o 1841 ;
Tracy Taylor, 184 1 to 1846 ; Charles
P. Hartt, 1847 to 1851 ; George F.
Sims, 185 1 to 1863 ; Oscar E. Van
Zile, 1863 to September 28, 1885 ;
Abram N. Belcher. October 14; 1885,
to present time.

Union National Bank of Troy,
No. 12 First Street, succeeded to
the business of the Union Bank of
Troy, which was organized under the
general banking law of the state Jan-
uary I, 185 1, with a capital of $300,-
000. Its first directors were : Joel
Mallary, John Kerr, William F. Sage,
Thomas N. Lockwood, P. T. Heartt,
Hiram B. Ingalls, L. A. Battershall,
Jonathan W. Freeman, Lyman Ben-
nett, Richardson H. Thurman, and
David B. Cox. The bank began busi-
ness, April, 1 85 1, in the building. No.
349 River Street. The bank was

TROY CITY NATIONAL BANK, CORNER FOURTH AND GRAND DIVISION STS.

shortly afterward removed to the
building, No. 12 First Street. On
March 21, 1865, it became a national
bank, with a capital of $300,000.

Present directors : John M. Corliss,
Thomas W. Lockwood, Lewis E. Gur-
ley. Liberty Gilbert. C. E. Hanaman,
George H. Freeman, Adam R. Smith,
A. C. Fellows, William Gurley, Alfred
Mosher, Samuel R. Clexton, Ellas

Kehn, James H. Nichols, Charles F,
Conkey, and W. John Stevenson.

Presidents : Joel Mallary, 185 1 to
1857 ; L A. Battershall, 1857 to 1866 ;
William F. Sage, 1866 to 1870 ; Hiram
Smith, 1870 to 1881 ; William Gur-
ley, March 15, 1881, to present time.

Cashiers: Pliny M. Corbin, 1851 to
1874 ; Adam R. Smith, December i,
1874, to present time.

Tellen : VHllard Gay, 1851 to 1859 ;
A. Russell, 1853; ]oh^ H. Neher,
1S54 to 1858 ; Adam R. Smitk, 185S
to 1874 ; Henry Wheeler, December
I, 1874, to present time.

Manufacturers' National Bank
OF Troy, on the comer of River and
King streets, became a national bank
January 3, 1865, with a capital of
$150,000. It succeeded to the busi-
ness of the Manufacturers' Bank of
Troy, organized in 1852, under the
general banking law, with a capital of
$250,000. The first directors were :
Arba Read, Harvey Smith, Dennis
M. Filch, John Mairs, Robert Chris-
tie, jr., Charles W. Thompson, Titus
Eddy, John C. Mather, John S. Chris-
tie, and William Stevenson. The
bank began business at No. 7 State
Street, in May, 1852. In 1853, it was
removed to No. 13 First Street. On
May I, 1856, the bank first occupied
the present building.

Present directors : Henry E. Weed ;
David Cowee, E. Murphy, jr., Joseph
Hillman, Samuel O. Gleason, David
F. Magill, Henry Morrison, George
P. Ide, Gardner Earl, Charles Mc-
Carthy. Frank Gilbert, Charles R.
Stone, and James Fleming.

Presidents: Arba Read, 1852 to
1856 ; Roger A. Flood, 1856 to 1864 ;
Thomas Symonds, 1864 to 1877 ;
Henry E. Weed, 1877 to 1883;
George P. Ide, 1883 to present time.

Cashiers : John S. Christie, 1852 to
to 1856 ; Charles P. Hartt, 1856 to
1858 ; Charles M. Wellington, 1858
to 1882 ; Samuel O. Gleason, Septem-
ber 15, 1882, to present time.

Tellers : W. C. Hart, 1852 to 1856 ;
Elijah S. House, 1856 to 1863 ; J. D.
Bancroft, 1863 to 1864 ; A. R. Moore,
1864 to 1882 ; W. H. Bellows, 1882
to 1883; D. H. Humphrey, May,
1883, to present time.

National Stats Bank of Troy,
on the southeast corner of State and

First streets, became a national bank
on April 15, 1865, with a capital of
$250,000, and succeeded to the busi-
ness of the State Bank of Troy, or-
ganized under the general banking
law of the state, in 1852, with a capi-
tal of $250,000. The first directors
were : Ralph J. Slarks, John Hitch-
ins, Philip S. Dorlon, David Carr,
George Dana Wotkyns, D. Volentine,
Willard Gay, Alfred B. Nash, James
Wager, J. G. Bacon, George W.
Hicks, J. F. Simmons, Lyman R.
Avery, and Henry Ingram. The bank
began business in its banking house,
on the southeast comer of First and
State streets, on September 2, 1852.

Present directors : Henry Ingram,
Ralph J. Starks, Philip S. Dorlon,
Albert E. Bonesteel. Willard Gay,
Charles Warner, Lyman R. Avery,
Luther R. Graves, John J. Joslin,
Ebenezer Warner, Tom S. Wotkyns,
and Thomas Colwell.

Presidents : Ralph J. Starks, 1852 ;
Alfred Wolkyns, 1852 to 1868 ; Henry
Ingram, 1868 to 1883 ; Charles War-
ner, 1883 to present time.

Cashier: Willard Gay, 1852 to
present time.

Tellers: Charles M. Wellington,
1852 to 1858; E. D. Barton, 185810
1861 ; Daniel W. Ford, 1861 to pres-
ent time.

Central National Bank of
Troy, No. 13 First Street, between
River and State streets, with a capital
of $300,000, succeeded to the business
of the Central Bank of Troy on April
4, 1865. The Central Bank of Troy
was organized under the general bank-
ing law of the state, December 29,
1852, with a capital of $200,000. The
first directors were : J. Lansing Van
Schoonhoven, Ralph Hawley, James
T. Main, Martin I. Townsend, George
H. Phillips, Lucius M. Cooley, Law-
rence Van Valkenbuigh, Volney Rich-
mond, Giles B. Kelloge, James
Buel, Jason J. Gillespie, John Ran-

ken, Orin Kellogg, William T. Dodge, bank occnpying tbc racant rooms in
and Orson Brewster. The bank be- the Merchants and Mechanics* Bank
gan business in the building, No. 271 Building, from November 15, 1880 to
River Street, December 29, 1S52. April 14, 1881.
On May i, 1853, the bank was re- The present directors are : William
moved to No. 5 Second Street. On Kemp, David Mann, Charles B.
May I, 1865, it was removed to No. Bishop, James H. Howe, Francis N.
13 First Street. Present capital, Mann, jr., Thomas D. Abrams, Jonas
$200,000. S. Heartt, John Worthington, George

Present directors: Justus Miller, A. Packer, William H. Young,
Moses Warren, William H. Van Charles A. Brown, George B. Cluett,
Schoonhoven, Joseph B. Wilkinson, and John K. Howe.
Luman H. Gibbs, John L. Blanchard, Presidents : John P. Albertson,
John T. Christie, James O'Neil, Al- 1852 to 1876 ; Calvin Hayner, 1876
bert B. Gibbs, William J. Howes, to 1878; William Kemp, July 17,
Joseph Fales, Albert A. Sampson, W. 1878, to present time.
Stone Smith, Henry S. Ranken, and Cashiers : George A. Stone, 1852 to
H. F. Boardman. 1873 ; George H. Sagendorf, Febru-

Presidents ; J. Lansing Van Schoon- ary 14, 1873, to present time,
hoven, 1852 to 1874 ; George C. Bur- Tellers: B. P. Rogers. 1855; D.
delt, 1874 to 1883; Moses Warren, H. Humphrey, 1855 to 1856: E. F.
February, 1883. to present time. Wait, 1856 to 1862 ; George H. Sag-

Cashiers : James Buel, 1852 to endorf, 1862 to 1873 ; Rice C. Bull,
1857 ; John B Kellogg, 1857 to 1871 ; 1873, to present time.
Asa W. Wickes, June 20, 1871, to

present time. United National Bank of Troy,

Tellers : Asa W. Wickes, 1852 to on the northwest comer of First and
1 871 ; Charles H. Adams, 1871 to State streets, was organized March 7,
1872; George Kirsop, jr., 1872 to 1865, with a capital of $300,000.
present time. The designation. United, was taken

because the institution was organized
Mutual National Bank of by stockholders of the Farmers* Bank
Troy, on the northeast comer of and the Bank of Troy. (See Farm-
First and State streets, became a na- ers' Bank and Bank op Troy.)
tional bank on March 23, 1865, With The first directors r f the bank were:
a capital of $250,000. It succeeded E. Thompson Gale. Joseph M. War-
to the business of the Mutual Bank of ren, John L. Thompson, George H.
Troy, organized under the general Cramer, Uri Gilbert, Alfonzo Bills,
banking law of the state, November Azro B. Morgan Norman B. Squires,
24. 1852, with a capital of $200,000. William A. Shepard, Alonzo McCon-
Its first directors were: Jonas C. the. John Hobart Warren, Hanford N.
Heartt. James Morrison, jr.. Job S. Lockwood, and Thomas M. Tibbits.
Olin, John P. Albertson, Nalhaniel On April 13, 1865, the bank began
Potter, jr., John G. Buswell, Elias business in the rooms previously occu-
Ros<:, Henry C. Lockwood, and Jo- pied by the Bank of Troy, in the
seph U. Orvis. The bank be^n bu- building on the northwest comer of
siness, January 18, 1853, ^^ ^^e build- First and State streets, now the
ing on the northeast comer of First property of the United National Bank,
and State streets. In 1881-82, the On March 19, 1877, its capital was
banking rooms were renovated, the reduced to $240,000. In 1884, the

interior of the bank building was
renovated, and a number of fire and
burglar safe deposit and storage
vaults constructed at the west end of
the banking-room.

Present directors: E. Thompson
Gale, Uri Gilbert, Norman B. Squires,
Joseph M. Warren, George H. Cra-
mer, William A. Thompson, George
T. Lane, John W. Cipperly, Edward
Tracy, Joseph W. Fuller, James A.
Burden, C. E. Dudley Tibbits, and
Charles W. Tillinghast.

Presidents: E, Thompson Gale,
1865 to 1885 ; Joseph W. Fuller, Jan-
uary 13, 1885, to present time.

Cashiers : Tracy Taylor, 1865 to
1867 ; George H. Perry, 1867 to No-
vember 13, 1885 ; John H. Neher,
November 24, 1885, to the present
time.

Tellers: George H. Perry, 1865 to
1867; A. G. H. Calder, 1867 to 1873;
John H. Neher, 1873 to 1885 ; Ben-
jamin A. Rousseau, 1885 ; Samuel S.
Bullions, December 38, 1885, to pres-
ent time.

National Bank of Troy, No. 15
First Street, was organized, with a
capital of $200,000, under the na-
tional banking law, on February 24,
1883, and on that day succeeded to
the business of the First National
Bank of Troy, the charter of which
had then terminated. The first
and present directors : Thomas Cole-
man, Lebbeus Burton, Philip H. Ne-
her, Otis G. Clark, John Duke, Fran-
cis A. Ostrander, Shepard Tappen,
Daniel Klock, jr,, Andrew B. Fales,
Franklin W. Famam, Francis A.
Fales, Andrew M. Church, Josiah A.
Waite, Charles E. Dusenberry, James
E. Kimball.

President : Thomas Coleman, 1883
to present time.

Vice-president : Francis A. Fales,
1883 to present time.

Cashier : Geoige H. Morrison, 1883
to present time.

Tellets : Francis W. Mackie, Feb-
ruary 24, 1883. to September, 1883 :
Thomas T, Trimble, 1883 to present
time.

Baptist ChUPOhes.— There are
five Baptist Churches in the city :

First Baptist Church, east side
of Third Street, between State and
Congress streets. On a Sunday after-
noon, in the year 1793, a number of
Baptists, among whom were Silas Co-
veil, Adam Keeling and Anthony
Goodspeed, assembled with their fam-
ilies in the dwelling-house of Silas
Covell, then on the northwest corner
of Liberty and River streets, to en-
gage in divine worship, conducted by
Elder Elias Lee, who on that occa-
sion preached the first sermon heard
by a Baptist congregation in Troy.
He had preached in the morning at
Albany, and after the services there
came on horseback to Troy. After-
ward meetings on Sundays were held
in Silas Covell's warehouse on the
bank of the river, in the rear of the
building then standing on the south-
west corner of River and Congress
streets Later, the organizers of the
present society worshipped frequently
in the court-house and elsewhere in
the village On October 15, 1795,
** The First Particular Baptist Church
in the village of Troy" was organ-
ized. On January 30, 1796, "in con-
sideration of the sum of five shil-
lings," Jacob D. Van der Heyden and
Mary, his wife, conveyed to the trus-
tees of the church lot 231, fifty by
one hundred and thirty feet, on the
east side of Third Street, (the site of
the present edifice), ** for the purpose
of a burial ground, and to erect a
meeting-house for the sole and only
use " of the society. In the minutes
of the Shaftsbury Baptist Association,
meeting at Shaftsbury Centre, June 5,
1800, the following entry appears:
" On motion of Elders [Isaac] Webb

and [Lemuel] Covell, voted to recom- — together with the importance of
mend it to the churches to lend some having the cause of religion built up
assistance to the Baptist church in the in that place ; we flatter ourselves
village of Troy towards building a that our churches will come forward
hou«e for divine worship When we with promptitude, and contribute lib-
consider that their number at present erally for so noble a purpose." In
is but small, and consists mostly of 1803 the Rev. Isaac Webb became
females. — there being not more than pastor of the society, which, on Jan-

FIRST PARTICULAR BAPTIST CHURCH, 183O.

two or three males who can advance uary 10, 1804, elected Adam Keeling,

anything towards such an under talc- Edward Tylee, Silas Covell, Ebene-

ing, - -and at the same time consider zer ; ones, and Noble S. Johnson

that there is a favorable prospect of trustees of the church. At the June

their society's increasing, if they had meeting of the Shaftsbury Baptist

a suitable place to meet in, and had Association at Clifton Park, in

preaching part of the time, (which 1804, the Troy society was added to

they might nave, if they had a house, the number of churches connected

with the body. At its next meeting,
in June, 1805, at Hoosick Falls, the
membership of the First Particular
Baptist Church in the village of Troy
was reported as embracing 75 persons;
34 having been added to the society
that year. A small, weather-boarded
building was shortly thereafter erected
by the society for a meeting-house.
On June 4 and 5, 1806, the Shafts-
bury Association held its twenty-
sixth annual meeting in the new
building; sixteen Baptist ministers be-
ing in attendance. In 1813, the soci-
ety erected a building for conference
and other meetings. The Rev. Fran-
cis Wayland, senior, pastor of the so-
ciety from 1812 to 181 6, thus wrote.
May 25, 1 8 16, of a revival conducted
by him: "Our weekly payer-meeting
had hitherto been held in a small
school- room, and but thinly attended.
The school-room became crowded
and insufficient to hold the number
that attended. It was found neces-
sary to remove it to the meeting-
house. * * * On the first Lord's
day in April, Brother (Archibald)
Maclay from New York, assisted me
in baptizing thirty-nine persons ; and
on the first Lord's day of this month,
I baptized fifteen more, among them
an old gentleman aged 74." In the
first half of this century, the rite of
baptism by immersion was performed
in the river, by Baptist ministers,
either at the foot of Ferry Street, or
at the foot of Grand Division Street,
or near the foot of Hoosick Street.
In June, 18 16. the church was dis-
missed from the Shaftsbury Associar
tion to join the Hudson River Baptist
Association. When the Rev. Charles
George Somers was ordained pastor of
the church, on Wednesday, July 10,
1816, the following mention wa^ made
in one of the city newspapers of the
use of the First Presbyterian meeting-
house for the services : " The Baptist
meeting-house undergoing some alter-

ations, the Presbyterians politely
offered the use of theirs for the occa-
sion, which was accepted." The first
meeting-house was a two-stury, weath*
er boarded structure, with a square
tower and plam steeple. In the lower,
the city placed, in 1824. a town clock,
having three dials, one facing west,
the others north and south. (See
Clock. Town). The present brick
edifice, 64 by 100 feet, was erected in
1846. The spire has a height of 177
feet from the ground. In 1881-82,
the interior was renovated, a new bap-
tistry placed back of the pulpit, the
portico lowered, the s'x Ionic columns
were lengthened, and the rooms in
the basement enlarged and refurn-
ished, at a cost of about $20,000.
The membership of the church has
frequently been decreased by the or-
ganization of other Baptist societies
in the city and vicinity. The first
dismission of members occurred May
12, 1827, on the organization of the
Baptist Church in West Troy. After-
ward members were dismissed to
form the Second, the Fifth Street and
the Vail Avenue Baptist churches.
Present membership 677. The Rev.
George C. Baldwin, a graduate of
Hamilton Theological Institute, was
called to the pastorate of the church,
July 9, 1844. On Sunday, August
25, he began the labors of his ministry
in Troy. On Sunday, June 7, 1885,
he tendered his resignation as pastor;
his duties to end in October. The
congregation, unwilling to have him
terminate his successful and desirable
ministry, would not accept his resigna-
tion. His subsequent insistence to
be released from his long continued
labor of more than forty- one years
finally induced ihe society, on Friday
evening, November 6. 1885, to con-
sent to his request. The present pas-
tor of the church, the Rev. L. M. S.
Haynes, D.D , entered on his duties
on April i, i886.

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, THIRD STREET.

Pastors : Isaac Webb, 1803 to 181 1 ;
Francis Wayland, sr., 1812 to 1816;
Charles G. Somers, 18 16 to 182 1 ; Le-
land Howard, 1823 to 1828; Peter
Ludlow, jr., 1829 ; Benjamin M. Hili,
1830 to 1839 ; John Cookson, 1840 to
1842 ; Lorenzo O. Lovell, 1843 ;
George C. Baldwin, D.D., August 25,
1844 to November 6, 1885 ; L. M. S.
Haynes, D.D., April i, 1886, to pres-
ent time.

Second Baptist Church, Ida
Hill, south side of Congress Street,
opposite Brunswick Avenue. A num-
ber of Baptists worshipping in a build-
ing on First Street, between Ferry
and Division streets, determined on
February 4, 1834, to organize a second
Baptist society in the city. On Feb-
ruary 26, they resolved to call it the
Second Particular Baptist Church and
Society of the city of Troy. On
March 17, Josiah Converse, Israel
Seymour, Latham Cornell, Isaac
Lovejoy, Apollo Harvey, Abel Bun-
nel. Gar J Tier W. Rand, Lemuel
Brintnall, and John Wheeler were
elected trustees of the church. On
April 4, the meeting-house and lots of
the First Restorationist Society of
Troy, on the south side of Ferry
Street, and on the east side of the
alley, between Second and First
streets, became the property of the
Second Particular Baptist Church.
The society, on June 8, called the Rev.
Ebenezer S. Raymond to become its
pastor. After his resignation, in 1841,
the society lost its membership, and
about 1852 ceased to exist as an or-
ganization.

In September, 1866, the Mt. Ida
Baptist Mission Sunday School was
organized and occupied a brick build-
ing on the south side of Congress
Street, standing on the present site of
St. Francis* Roman Catholic Church.
The school was conducted by the
members of the First Baptist and the

Fifth Street Baptist churches ; Cjrms
Carter being superintendent. A meet-
ing was held in the Sunday-school
room, on Wednesday, February 12,
1868, to revive the organization of the
Second Baptist Society of Troy, at
which meeting sixty-six persons signi-
fied their intention to become mem-
bers of it. Reuben Cole, John Price,
Frederick A. Sheldon, George Harri-
son, William H. Prentice, James P.
Collins, James P. Gates, Edward A.
Billings, and Lewis E. Gurley were
then elected trustees of the society.
The act to enable the Second Partic-
ular Baptist Church and Society of
the city of Troy lo repossess its
property was passed by the legislature.
April 18, J 868. The site of the
church wa^ purchased from the Mar-
shall estate, and in November that
year the cotitracts for the erection of
the present i>rick edifice were made.
On May 25, 1869, the corner-stone
was laid, and on the second Sunday
in March, 1 870, the church was dedi-
cated, In 1875 the society became a
self-sustaining body. Present mem-
bership 248.

Pastors : Ebenezer S. Raymond,
July, 1834 to 1841 ; W. T. C. Hanna,
April, 1870, to January 31, 1880 ; L.
S. Johnson, May i, 1880, to June i,

1882 ; Charles F. Hopkins, 1882 to

1883 ; H. B. Steelman, September i,
1883, to present time.

Fifth Street Baptist Church,
southeast corner of Fifth and Fulton
streets. On May S, 1843, fifty-seven
members of the First Baptist Church
were granted letters of dismission to
form a second Baptist society in the
city. They and a number of other
persons, on June 6, organized them-
selves into the body called the North
Baptist Church. Its members, on the
same day, called the Rev. Leland
Howard to the pastorate of the so-
ciety, who shortly thereafter entered

FIFTH STREET BAPTIST CHURCH, COR. FIFTH AND FULTON STREETS.

upon the discharge of the duties of
that oflBce. The society was recog-
nized as a church, on June 15, by a
Baptist council. The members began
worshipping in the Presbyterian session
house, No. 71 Fourth Street, formerly
occupying the site of the Grand Cen-
tral Theatre. On August 24, three
adjacent lots, 779, 780, and 781, at
the southeast corner of Elbow (Ful-
ton) and Fifth streets were purchased
for $3,000 from Ethelinda Selden, on
which the erection of the first church
was begun. On the afternoon of Sep-
tember II, the comer-stone was laid.
The edifice was dedicated May 23,
1844. It was built of brick at an ex-
pense of $15,000. On October 28,

1852, it was destroyed by fire with a
number of other buildings in its vicin-
ity. The church was rebuilt at a cost
of $10,000, and dedicated June 26,

1853. On May 10, 1862, the second
edifice, the parsonage, and the homes
of about forty families connected with
the society were burned in the great
conflagration of that day. The pres-
ent attractive brick church was then
erected. Services were held in the
lecture-room for the first time, in De-
cember, that year. On May 14, 1863,
the church was dedicated ; the Rev. E.
L. Magoon, D.D., of Albany, preach-
ing the dedicatory sermon. The
building is 97 feet long and 67 wide ;
the main tower 113 feet high. In the
auditorium are about 130 pews. The
pulpit and baptistiy are in a recess at
the east end of the auditorium, the
choir and organ in one at the west
end. In the basement are the lecture
and Sunday-school rooms. The bell
in the tower weighs 2,500 pounds.
The church was refitted in 1878, at an
expense of about $3,000. Present
number of members, 619. The South
Troy Baptist Church is a branch of
the Fifth Street Church. (See South
Troy Baptist Church).

The present officers of the church

are : Lewis E. Gurley, Otis G. Clark,
and William Gurley, deacons; Otis
G. Clark, Hiram Miller. M F. Cum-
mings, P. H. Neher, William Gur-
ley, Justus Miller, W. J. Ranken, S.
D. Sweet, and E. C. Lyman, trustees.
Lewis E Gurley has been superin-
tendent of the Sunday-school since

1854.

Pastors : Leland Howard, June,
1843, to May I. 1846 ; J. H. Walden,
1846 to October 15, 1848 ; J. G. War-
ren, D.D., February, 1849, to July,
1855; C. P Sheldon, D.D., Septem-
ber I. 1856. to October, 1875 ; L. J.
Matteson, January. 1876, to 1877 ; J.
H. Griffith, April. 1878, to October.
1883; H. C. Hiscox, May r, 1885, to
present time.

Vail Avenue Bai»tist Church,
on the southeast corner of Vail and
Cemetery avenues. Injanuaiy, 1868,
Mrs. Susan N. McLane and William
D. McLane organized a Sunday-
school, which became the Vail Ave-
nue Mission oi the First Baptist
Church of Troy. In 1869. a chapel
was erected on the cast side of Vail
Avenue, a little south of the site of
the present edifice and dedicated Sep-
tember 26 ; the Rev. George C Bald-
win preaching the dedicatory sermon.
The Rev. Ezra D. Simons was placed
in charge of the mis^sion. About
eighty members having received let-
ters of dismission from the First Bap-
tist Church, organized on April 23,
1 87 1, the society, which then took the
name of the Vail Avenue Baptist
Church. On April 27, the society
was constituted a church by a Baptist
council. In 1873. the chapel was en-
larged In 1883, the building was
moved to its present location. Pres-
ent membership, 172.

Pastors : Ezra D. Simons, April 23,
1871, to May I, 1876; John Mostyn,
July, 1876, to 1877; Thomas Bick-
ford, August, 1878. to 1879 ; J. W.

SOUTH TROY BAPTIST CHURCH,

Martin, 1880, to 1882; George E.
Weeks, April 14, 1883, to present
time.

South Troy Baptist Church, on
the east side of First Street, between
Polk and Main streets. James L.
Phillips, a member of the Fifth Street
Baptist Church, organized at his
house. No. 540 Second Street, in Oc-
tober, 1867, a Sunday-school, which,
shortly afterward, held its sessions in
the office-building of H. Burden &
Sons* Steam Mills, where, also, reli-
gious services were attended by those
interested in the Sunday-school. On
June 14, 1869, a two-story frame
building, known as No. 552 First
Street, and the lot on which the struc-
ture stood, were purchased for $4,000.
The lower rooms of 'he house were
renovated and furnished for the use
of the Sunday-school and for religious
services, at an expense of about
$1,000, contributed by the members
of the Fifth Street Baptist Church.
On October 24, 1869, the South Troy
Baptist Church was organized as a
branch of the Fifth Street Baptist
Church, from a number of persons
connected with it. A call was given
the Rev. Richard Davies, of Wales,
who was installed pastor of the society,
on February i, 1870. A large num-
ber of persons having become mem-
bers of the church during the winter
of 1884-85, the society and its friends
belonging to the parent church under-
took the erection of the present
chapel, an attractive wooden structure,
47 by 78 feet, built on the site of the
former building. The auditorium,
29 by 48 feet, has about 200 sittings.
An infant Sunday-school room, and
five Sunday-school class rooms, open
into it. A library room is convenient
to them. Beneath the tower is the
pastor's study. In the basement are
the heaters, and two dressing rooms,
which communicate by stairways with
the baptistry, back of the pulpit-plat-

form. An audience of about 500 per-
sons can be seated in the building.
Cost of building and furniture, about
$10,000. M. F. Cummings, architect.
The church was dedicated on Sunday
afternoon, January 17, 1886. On the
removal of the old chapel to the rear
of the new one, the former was fitted
for a dwelling house. Present num-
ber of members, 86.

Pastors : Richard Davies, February
I, 1870, to March, 1871 ; J. N. Smith,
1871 to January i, 1875 '. E. D. Phil-
lips, 1 88 1 to 1883. Since 1883 the
service has been conducted by lay-
men.

Bsbth-on-the-Hudson, the first
station on the Troy and Greenbush
Railroad, three miles south of the city.
It derived its name from several min-
eral springs, discovered about the
close of the last century, near the vil-
lage. John Maude, an English trav-
eller, in June, 1800, visited the place;
which he described as ** a town lately
laid out by the patroon," and having
•* about thirty houses," ** The medici-
nal springs and baths, at one time so
much vaunted, are now shut up and
neglected ; yet, as a watering place, it
was to have rivaled Ballstown, and, as
a trading place, Lansingburgh and
Troy." The manor-house, north of
the village, was built about the year
1839, ^y William P. Van Rensselaer.
The village was incorporated May 5,
1874 .

Beef.—

Gaffey & Zeiser, wholesale deal-
ers in western dressed beef and pork,
at Nos. 27 and 28 River Street, west
side, between Washington and Adams
streets, command a great part of the
territory of Northern New York, Ver-
mont and Western Massachusetts for
the distribution of large quantiiieft of
dressed beef, daily received by them
from Chicago. The firm was fomted

by Darid Gaffey and Dagobert Zeiser,
on December i, 1882. On February
I, 1883, tbey occupied the two-story,
wooden building, erected by them for
an office and refrigerator, near the
freight-delivery yards of the New
York Central and the Troy & Boston
railroads. Gaffey & Zeizer at once
bravely entered into competition with
the agents of Swift & Co., then exclu-
sively supplying dealers in Troy and
vicinity with western dressed beef,
and after a persistent struggle during
the year 1883, the firm became strong-
ly established in public * favor, and
acquired, by its perseverance and en-
terprise, the large business in the
wide-extended territory mentioned.
Gaffey & Zeiser obtain their dressed
beef from Armour & Co., Chicago,
which the Troy firm sells to dealers
only.

Beeren Island, or Bears' Island,
in the Hudson, is eighteen miles south
of the city. It was called Beeren
Eylandt by the Dutch, about the year
1 625. Beer^ bear ; beeren^ bears. In
1643, the patroon of Rensselaerswyck
built on it a small fort, called Rens-
selaers Steyn, Rensselaer's Castle.
An unsuccessful attempt to cultivate
the indigo-plant on this island was
made in the same century. It was a
common resort of the Indians during
the fishing season.

B. Q. Club, organized in 1848,
occupies rooms at No. ^\ State Street.

Bells.— The fame of having tens
of thousands of church bells ringing
round the earth made in her foundries
is realized by Troy. In the distant
missionary fields in Africa, along the
fertile borders of the Nile, beyond
the ruins of Ninevah, near the jun-
gles of India, around the pagodas of
China, over ihe heathen-inhabited
islands of the Pacific, in every part of

the wide extent of the United States,
the sound-waves of Troy bells billow
and break.

In 1880, Julius Hanks, of Litch-
field, Conn., moved to Gibbonsville,
(now West Troy), and erected, on the
plat of ground now partly occupied
by the building, No. 237 Broadway,
a foundry, where he made churdi
bells, mathematical, and surveying in-
struments, and cannon. In the fidl of
1825, he removed to Troy, having
purchased. June 25. that year, of Jacob
D. E. Van der Heyden, lot 795, on
the northeast corner of Fifth and
Elbow (Fulton) streets. On it he
erected a two-story, weather-boarded
building, residing in the part fronting
on Fifth Street, and using the other,
on Elbow Street, for his business. On
the comer of the alley, eastward, he
built a small foundry. (See engrav-
ing of building under Engineers
AND Surveyors' Instruments). As
advertised, here he was ** prepared to
execute any orders in his line of bu-
siness, viz. : church-bells, with im-
proved cast-iron yokes, also town
clocks, copper and brass castings, sur-
veyors' instruments of the most im-
proved construction." In the spring
of 1830, Alpheus and Truman Hanks,
of Hartford, Conn., advertised that
they had purchased the property of
their brother, Julius, and that they
were ''prepared to furnish church
bells from 100 to 3,000 pounds."
Sometime afterward, Oscar, the son of
Julius Hanks, succeeded to the busi-
ness, in which he continued until
about 1848. In 1852, Eber Jones and
James H. Hitchcock, forming the firm
of Jones & Hitchcock, began manu-
facturing church bells, in the Peck
Building, on the northwest corner of
First and Adams streets. In 1873,
the Jones & Co. Troy Bell Foundry
succeeded to the business, which,
since 1854, has been conducted in the
brick building, on the southwest cor-
ner of Adams and First streets.

Clinton H. Meneelt Bell Coii-
PANY, office and fonndrj, Nos. S3, a4
and 26 River Street, east sid«, be-
tween Washington and Adams streets.
In 1869, Clinton H. Meneely and
George H. Kimberly formed the put-
nership of Meneely & Kimberiy. erect-
ing their foundry on the site now oc-
cupied by that of the Meneely BeU
Company. In iSyg* the partnership
was dissolved. On January i, i88o»
the Clinton H. Meneely Bell Com-
pany, a stock company, was organized.
The company's constant reception of
orders from different parts of the
world for church-bells is an honoring
attestation of their excellence. Their
shape, weight and tone are based upon
the combination of so many essen-
tials that the business is one which
obtains its distinction from the adap-
tation of bells to the places and pur-
poses for which they are intended.
The company's foundry is fitted with
all the necessary appliances for mould-
ing and casting bells of different
weiffht and size. The quality of a
bell s sotmd or sonorousness depends
on its shape as well as on the metal
used in casting it. Copper and tin are
the best materials for making clear-
toned bells. The most approved pro-
portions are 78 parts of copper and 22
of tin. Not unfrequently the com-
pany receives jewelry to be melted to
lorm a part of the composition of gifc-
bells. A chime of bells is a set of
bells, the tones of which, beginning
with the largest, known as the tenor-
bell, follow one another in diatonic
succession. Eight bells, representing
the notes of the natural scale, make
a natural chime, The addition of
another bell, of a flat, seventh tone,
gives a new series of diatonic tones,
five in number, in the key of the
fourth, thereby admitting the chiming
of the bells in two keys. The ninth
bell generally supplements the octave,
so that a full chime includes nine

bells. The addition of a bell of a
skaip fourth tone produces a new
scries oC six in the key of the second,
bnt as the bell is made very heavy, it
is seldom ordered. Tunes on chimes
arc played somewhat after the man-
ner of a piano-forte, the keys being
wooden handlrs, set on a frame and
connected by trackers (wooden rods)
with the bells. The company have
recently sent chimes to churches in
Boston, Worcester. Salem, Mass , Da-
rien. Conn., Albany, Geneva, Chau-
tauqua, Mamaroneck, N. Y , Mont-
gomery, Ala,. Gambier, Ohio, Chica-
go, lU.. St. Louis. Mo., and other
dties. Two bells were sent to the
west coast of Africa, twelve to mis-
sionary schools in the interior of that
country, four to Constantinople, three
to Shang-Hai. China, and several to
England, Bulgaria, Persia and India.
Many of the bells sent to foreign
lands bear inscriptions in the lan-
guage of their inhabitants.

Berlin, one of the seventeen
towns of Rensselaer County, was
erected by act of legislature, passed
March 21, 1806. The town is near
the center of the eastern boundary of
the county. Population, 1 8 10, 3,012 ;
1815,1,955; 1820, 1.986; 1825. 1.989;
1830. 2.019; 1835. 1,757; 1840. 1,794;
1845. 1.845 ; >85o. 2.005; 1855. 2,167;
1860.2.223; 1865. 2.149; 1870. 2,088;
1875, 2,252 ; 1880, 2.202.

In the town is the village of Ber-
lin, in which are three churches, two
taverns, and about one hundred and
fifty dwellings, stores, and shops. The
hamlet of Berlin Center comprises a
church, a store, a tavern, and about
twenty other buildings. South Ber-
lin is a collection of about twenty-five
buildings, among which is a church, a
factory, and a saw-mill.

Bessemer Iron Works. (See
Troy Steel and Iron Company.)

Bible Society of Bensselaer
County was organized in the court-
house. July II, 1815. Depositary,
William H. Young, bookseller, Nos.
8 and 9 First Street.

Boat Clubs. • (See Cohoes Row-
ing Club; Laureate Boat Club;
Neptune Boat Club; Sans Souci
Yacht Club; William S. Earl
Boat Club.)

Boilers, Steam.—

Thomas S. Sutherland, at the
Franklin Iron Works, on Center
Island, between Troy and Green
Island, manufactures steam boilers for
steamboats, factories, mills, and fur-
naces. Twenty years experience in
the business has highly qualified him
to merit the large patronage acquired
by him. Employing only skilled
workmen, he is enabled to make boil-
ers which commend his work in all
points for its excellence and perfec-
tion. He also manufactures water
and steam tanks, gasometers, oil stills,
filters, paper bleachers, and smoke
stacks. For welding heavy shafting
and forging ponderous parts of ma-
chinery, he possesses facilities which
give him no little distinction in this
line of work. On June ii, 1866, he
began manufacturing steam boilers in
a building on the north side of North
Street, between River and Mount
streets. In 1867, he moved to the
building No. 481 River Street, comer
of Hutton Street. In 1878, his son,
Charles H., became associated with
him in the business, under the firm
name of Thos. S. Sutherland & Son.
On the burning of the establishment,
on December 7, 1879, the firm occu-
pied, for a short time, a part of the
Starbuck Building, on Center Island,
whence the firm moved to the new
building, erected in 18S0, on the
northwest comer of River and Hut-

ton streets. In 1883, the firm occu-
pied the Hannibal Green Spring
Works, on Smith Avenue. After the
dissolution of the firm, Thomas S.
Sutherland, in May, 1885, moved to
the present buildings occupied by
him, on the south side of Center
Island. His post-office address is
Troy, N. Y.

Bookstores.—

H. B. NiMS & Co., booksellers and
stationers, Nos. 9 and 10 Cannon
Place, and No. ii Second, Street, are
successors to the business established
in 1842 by William and Homer Mer-
riam at No. 9 Cannon Place,
southwest comer of Broadway and
Second Street. In 1847, Ransom B.
Moore became a partner, and the firm
of W. & H. Merriam was changed to
that of Merriam, Moore, & Co., and
the place of business to No. 5 Board-
man Building, on the northeast cor-
ner of River and Fulton streets. On
May I, 1849, ^^^V again occupied
their former store-room, at Cannon
Place. On the dissolution of the part-
nership, on January 15, 1851, Homer
Merriam and Ransom B. Moore
formed the firm of Merriam & Moore.
Henry B. Nims, who had been a
clerk in the establishment from Octo-
ber, 1849, ^^ admitted as a partner
on Febraaiyi2, 1852; the firm taking
the name of Merriam, Moore & Co.
By the withdrawal of Homer Mer-
riam to enter into partnership with G.
& C. Merriam, the publishers of Web-
ster's dictionaries, the firm of Moore
& Nims was formed in 1858. On its
dissolution, H. B. Nims & Co., on
Febraary i, 1859, succeeded it ; H.
B. Nims with Henry F. Smith and
Joseph Knight, for a number of years
clerks in the store, forming the part-
nership, which still exists.

The salerooms, retail and whole-
sale, of Nims & Co., are admirably
arranged to display their large stock

of standard and miscellaneous works,
finely illustrated gift books, educa-
tional text-books, common and choice
stationery, illuminated cards, in and
out-door games, and other attractive
and salable specialties usually found
in first-class book and stationery
stores. As publishers of a number
of entertaining books for children,
and also of several series of popular
school books, Nims & Co. have greatly
enlarged their wholesale business,
which now extends westward as far as
Colorado, and from Minnesota south-
ward to Texas. Since 1852, the sev-
eral firms conducting the business
have manufactured terrestrial and ce-
lestial globes. The Franklin, of
varying diameters, from 6 to 30
inches, made byT^ims & Co., besides
accurately illustrating the latest dis-
covered configurations of the earth,
and pictorially exhibiting the stellar
firmament, are attractively mounted
and durably framed. The firm also
has different styles of book and music
racks, dictionary holders, book-shelves
and cases.

William H. Young, Bookseller
AND Stationer, Nos. 8 and 9 First
Street and 214 River Street, has, asso-
ciatively and singly, been engaged in
the business since 1842. It was be-
gun by his first predecessor, Ebenezer
Piatt, in the spring of 1821, in a
building on the west side of River
Street, opposite Titus's Tavern, now
the Troy House. In the fall of that
year, Ebenezer Piatt and Daniel W.
Piatt formed the partnership of £. & D.
W. Piatt, booksellers and stationers.
In 1822, their place of business was
named the " Franklin Bookstore ;"
a bust of the distinguished American,
Benjamin Franklin, being over the
doorway. On April 29, 1823, they re-
moved t9 Philip . Heartt's three-story,
brick building, on the east side of
River Street, nearly opposite Gale &

Thompson's drug store. In May,
1825, Ebenezer Piatt and John Rous-
seau formed the firm of £. Piatt &
Co., and continued the business at the
same place, No. 172 River Street.
On March 10, 1828, Zephaniah Clark
and James L. Hosford entered into
partnership, under the name of Clark
& Hosford, and purchased the stock
of E. Piatt & Co. In March, 1832,
Z. Clark and Joseph Hosford, as
Z. Clark & Co. succeeded Clark &
Hosford. On May i, that year, the
firm removed from No 172 River
Street to No. 216 River Street. On
September 10, 1832, Zephaniah Clark
succeeded to the business, in which
he continued until March I, 1842,
when William H. Young and Charles
P. Hartt iormed the partnership of
Young & Hartt, and purchased his
stock of books and stationery. In
1 85 1, Charles P. Hartt withdrew, and
William H. Young conducted the bus-
iness until 1 861, when he formed a
partnership with Benjamin D. Ben-
son, under the name of Young &
Benson. In 1866, the junior partner
withdrew. In March, 1869, William
H. Young and Frederick Blake be-
came partners, under the name of
Young & Blake. In March, 1875,
the partnership was dissolved, from
which time, William H. Young has
continued the business. In 1864, he
erected the brown-stone-front build-
ing, Nos. 8 and 9 First Street, which
he occupied that year, and connected
it with his store-room, No. 216 River
Street. In 187 1, he erected the three-
story, brick building, No. 214 River
Street, to which he removed that part
of his slock contained in the store-
room. No. 216 River Streets In the
new building, on River Street, he also
established a book-bindery and a
printing office. In 1876, he published
the History of the City of Troy, writ-
ten by A. J. Weise, an octavo volume
of 400 pages. His spacious store-

WILLIAM H. young's BOOKSTORE, FIRST STREET.

rooms contain a ku:ge collection of
American and foreign publications,
Bibles and prayer-books, text-books
for colleges and schools, cheap and
choice stationery, a full line of gold
pens and pencils, and the latest sptcial-
ties in fancy goods. He also manufac-
tures blank books of all styles, from
great bank ledgers to pocket memo-
randum books.

Boots and Shoes.—

Wood & Merrill, wholesale deal-
ers in boots, shoes and rubbers, No.
229 River Street. The firm, besides
having the distinction of being the
only one in the city engaged in the
general jobbing business in these
goods, is well known for its enter-
prise in selling them to a large num-
ber of its customers in Northern and
Central New York and Vermont. The
different classes of boots, shoes and
rubbers, contained in the firm's four-
story, brick building, opposite the
Troy House, indubitably indicate the
peculiar local demands of the trade in
the territory mentioned. On the es-
tablishment of the house, the first
firm manufactured most of the goods
sold by it, but in later years, Wood &
Merrill have discontinued manufac-
turing, and wholly devoted their at-
tention to the enlargement of their
extensive wholesale business. The
senior member of the firm, Jacob C.
Wood, engaged in the business of
manufacturing boots and shoes, in
Troy, in 1841. Ten years later, he
and Elisha Talmadge formed the part-
nership of Talmadge, & Wood, boot
and shoe manufacturers, doing busi-
ness at No. 189 River Street. On the
admission of Theodore A. Wilson, in
1853, the firm took the name of Tal-
madge, Wood & Wilson. On his
withdrawal, in the following year, the
name again became Talmadge &
Wood. In 1856, J. R. Prentice was

admitted, the name being changed to
Talmadge, Wood, & Co. The next
year, the firm occupied the building.
No. 165 River Street. In 1859, the
firm of Wood, Willard, & Prentice
succeeded to the business; Clarence
Willard being a partner. In 1864,
the firm removed to the building,
Nos. 231 and 233 River Street. On
January i, 1870, the junior member
of the present firm, John V. D. S.
Merrill, became a partner; the firm
taking the name of Wood, Prentice &
Co. In 1872, the firm moved to the
present building. The firm of Wood
& Merrill was formed February i,
1877.

Chauncey D. Packard & Son,
on the northwest corner of Congress
and Third streets, Rand*s Opera
House Building, continue to supply a
large line of customers with all kinds
of boots, shoes, slippers, rubbers, pol-
ishes and blackings, worn and used
by men, women and children. The
senior member of the firm has been
in the business more than a half-cen-
tury, having, in July, 1843, at No. 83
Congress Street, succeeded to the bus-
iness, which his grandfather, Timothy
Packard, and his father, Davis Pack-
ard, under the firm name of T. & D.
Packard, established about the year
1828, at No. 57 Congress Street. In
1858, he and his father became part-
ners, in the firm of Davis Packard &
Co., doing business at No. 83 Con-
gress Street. In 1863, the firm of
Chauncey D. Packard & Co., (War-
ren P. Packard), succeeded to the
business. From 1869 to 1871, Chaun-
cey D. Packard conducted it, who, in
1 87 1, was succeeded by the firm of
Chauncey D. Packard & Co.; his sons,
Eugene C. and Angelo S., being co-
partners with their father in the busi-
ness. In 1872, Augustus Packard
also became a member of the firm.
In the following year, Chauncey D.

Packard succeeded the firm, and
moved the store to No. 69 Congress
Street, where he cominued to comluct
the business until 1883, when he and
his son, Augustus, formtd ihe present
firm. A half-century ago, machine
made boots and shoes had not yet
been manufactured, and home-made
ones, restricted to three kinds of
women's shoes, calf-skin, morocco,
and slippers, and to two kinds of men's
boots, coarse and fine, and to men's
brogans, a plainly made shoe, were
mainly the stock of a large boot and
shoe store. Children's boots and
shoes had the same classification.
Gum shoes, dull, red-colored, and un-
shapely, were purchased by dealers in
cases, containing from fifty to seventy-
five pairs They were very elastic,
and were filled with cut straw, earth,
or rice-hulls, to protect them from ad-
hesion by heat. The dealers freed
them from the dirt in and outside,
and varnished, and fitted them to
the feet of those who bought
them. Boys highly prized these gum
shoes, and cut them into strips and
wound them into balls, which, when
thrown against any hard stlrface, re-
btmnded to no little distance.

Box Makers. (See Paper Box
Manufacturers.)

Brass Founding.—

William Kemp has for more than
a third of a century been the propri-
etor of the Troy Brass Foundry, on
the we>t side of North Third S reet,
between Federal and Jacob streets
Ezra S. Howard, who early in the
present century had a copper and
tin-smithery on the southeast comer
of the alley on Ferry Street, between
Second and Third streets, established
about the year 1825, the Troy Bell
Foundry, on the site of the Troy Brass
Founder, Nos. 27 and 29 North Third

Street. When he erected his estab-
lishment there, that part of the city
was not occupied by many buildings,
and North Third Street was still
grass grown and ungraded. In the
fall of 1851, William Kemp & Co.
rented the property, and engaged in
the manufacture of brass-work. In
the following year, William Kemp
succeeded to the business, which, by
his individual enterprise and industry,
has obtained no little importance
among the principal industries of
Troy. The property, purchased by
William Kemp, in 1856. has a front-
age of seventy-five feet on North
Third Street, and a depth of one hun-
dred and thirty feet west of it. The
productions of the works embrace
those generally made in a brass
foundry. James Kemp, a son of Wil-
liam Kemp, has had for more than a
decade of years the management of
the business.

Breweries — There are ten brew-
eries in the city, six of which brew
ale and porter, and the other four
lager beer. During the year 1885,
142,282 barrels of ale and porter, and
23,750 bairels of lager beer were
made. In 1830, the three breweries
in the city brewed 14,000 barrels of
beer. In 1875, the nine breweries in
Troy made 115,713 barrels of ale,
porter, and lager beer.

Fitzgerald Brothers, maltsters
and brewers, are proprietors of the
Garryowen Brewery, fronting 225 feet
on River Street, west side, between
Hutton and Hoosick streets. The
malt-house and the brewery are two
spacious brick buildings, six stories
high, extending to the Hudson, on the
west, the distance of 120 feet. On
the bank of the river, a wing, 40 by
60 feet, also built of brick, adjoins
the brewery on the north. North of
the brewery, on River Street, is the

offic&>biiflding, a two-story, brick
stnictare, near ^hich are seTeral
other brick buildings belonging to the
large establishment, which covers nine
building plats, from 495 to 511 River
Street. The machinery and appa-
ratus contained in the m.ilt-house and
the brewery are deemed the best used
by maltsters and brewers The malt
house was erected in 1877, and the
brewery in 1881. The brewing ca-
pacity of the establishment is about
70,000 barrels of ale and porter annu-
ally. The firm employs about seventy
men. The firm's New York City
depot is at No. 439 Washington
Street, corner of Desbrosses Street.
The firm's predecessors were James
Lundy, who began brewing, in 1852,
at No. 461 River Street; Lundy &
Ingram, 1853 ; Lundy & Kennedy,
1855; Lundy, Dunn, & Co.. i8s7 ;
Dunn & Kennedy, 1859. On October
I, 1866, Michael, John and £dmund
Fitzgerald formed the firm of Fitzger-
ald Brothers. On the withdrawal of
Michael Fitzgerald, in 1870, John and
Edmund succeeded to the business.
On the death of John Fitzgerald, in
1885, his heirs acquired his interest.

Kennedy & Murphy, brewers of
ale and porter, have one of the largest
brewing establishments in the city.
The different buildings, on the south
side of Ferry Street, a short distance
east of Fifth Street, cover a plat of
ground, 450 by 250 feet. Opposite it,
on the northeast corner of Ferry and
Sixth streets, is one of the three large
malt-houses belonging to the firm.
The establishment is furnished with
the latest improved inventions and
conveniences for malting and brew-
ing. William Kennedy, the senior
member of the firm, engaged in the
brewing business in Troy in 1855, and
Edward Murphy, jr., in 1863. His
father, Edward Murphy, sr.. began
brewing in Troy in 1846. The site of

the Excelsior Brewery b«s for more
than three-quarters of a century been
occupied by buildings in which ale
and porter have been made. A part
of the site was purchased on June 8,
1809, by Charles Hurstfield and
Thomas Trenor, two brewers from
Lansingburgh, who shortly thereafter
erected on the plat a breweiy. On
July I, 1823, Sterling Armstrong and
Thomas Read purchased the property,
which is described in the deed as
• ' situate in the back part of the city
of Troy," and the building as " a
brewery lately occupied by Charles
Hurstfield and Thomas Trenor." The
successors of Read & Armstrong have
been Read, Armstrong, & Co., 1832 :
Read & Son, 1837 ; M. P. Read &
Brothers, 1841 ; Read & Brothets,
1847 ; Arba Read, 1856 ; Read Broth-
ers, 1857 ; Dunn & Kennedy, 1867 ;
and Kennedy & Murphy, November i,
1867.

Bridges. — Two iron bridges span
the Hudson in front of the city. On
April 9. 1809, the legislature passed
an act, incorporating a company to
construct a bridge across the Hudson
at the foot of Ferry Street. The
erection of the bridge was prevented
by the opponents of the undertaking
obtaining the appointment of. com-
missioners to report on the feasibility
of building the bridge high enough to
permit the passage of masted vessels
under it. The commissioners report-
ed that the projected bridge would
impede the navigation of sailing craft
unless it should be built ninety feet
above the river. The report was ap-
proved, and the project was aban-
doned. In 1814, the legislature was
petitioned by certain citizens of Al-
bany ** to bring in a bill for the erec-
tion of a toll-bridge acro.ss the Hud-
son river at the most eligible spot
between Columbia Street and the
street north of the arsenal at Albany."

A meeting was held in the court-
hoose, in Troy, on the evening of
Janaaiy ii, that year, and resolutions
were passed to oppose the passage of
the bill. This action of ihe people of
Troy was the beginning of the long*
continued opposition waged against
the construction of a bridge across the
Hudson at Albany. It did not cease
until a half century later, or until
April 9, 1856, when the bill was passed
to construct the bridge at Albany,
completed February 22, 1866.

The Rensselaer and Saratoga
Railroad Bridge spans the Hud-
son between Troy and Green Island,
at Bridge Avenue. The act incorpo-
rating the Rensselaer and Saratoga
Railioad Company, passed April 14,
1 832, precluded it from constructing
a bridge across the Hudson within two
miles of the Union Bridge, between
Waterford and Lansingburgh. The
company, however, was permitted to
contract for the use of it. But the
people of Lansingburgh were unwill-
ing to allow the company to extend
the line of its road through the vil-
lage, and therefore the company un-
dertook, in 1834, the erection of the
wooden one, the first bridge construct-
ed across the Hudson between the
Bay of New York and the head of
•navigation at Waterford. It was built
by Damon & Hayward. It was 1,600
feet long, and rested on eight stone
piers. It was roofed, and at its
eastern end there was a draw of sixty
feet. Its width was sufficient for a
railroad track, a carriage-road and a
foot-way. The first train of cars
passed over it on October 6, 1835.
The division of the bridge into two
parts was subsequently made by filling
in earth on Centre Island. In 1853,
the bridge was widened by an addi-
tion to the north side of it. On Sat-
urday noon, May 10. 1862, sparks
from an engine lodged in the roof of
the western end of Uie eastern section

of the bridge and set it on fire. A
gale was blowing from the northwest,
and the flames were soon under such
headway that it was impossible for
the firemen to extinguish them, and
the bridge fell burning into the river.
(See Fire of 1862J Immediately
thereafter the construction of a new
section of the bridge was begun.
While the structure was building a
ferry was established between the city
and Centre Island for the transfer of
freight and passengers. The western
section of the present iron bridge was
built in 1876, and the eastern in 1884.

Congress Street Bridge, be-
tween Troy and West Troy, was
opened to the public on Friday, Oc-
2, 1874. The act incorporating the
Troy and West Troy Bridge Company
was passed April 23, 1872 Capitid
stock, $150,000 ; bonds, $200,000.
The work of constructing the stone
piers of the iron structure was begun
in the fall of 1872. The bridge cost
about $350,000. The office of the
company is at No. 153 River Street.
Tames Forsyth, president; John F.
Koy, vice-president ; E. R. Vail, sec-
retary and treasurer.

Broadway became the name of
Albany Street in 1861.

Brunswick, a town of Rensse-
laer County, erected March 20, 1807.
It extends along the east boiiodsof
the towns of Lansingburgh and Troy.
Population : 1810, 2,302 ; 1815, 2,233 ;
1820, 2,318 ; 1825. 2,478 ; 1830, 2,575 ;
1835. 2,679; 1840, 3,051 ; 1845, 2,855 ;
1850, 3,146 ; 1855. 3,101 ; i860, 3.110 ;
1865, 3,175 ; 1870, 3,128; 1875,3,237;
1880, 3,402.

Eagle Mills, formerly called Mill-
town, in the town of Brunswick, is
about four miles from Troy. It con-
tains about sixty buildings, including
two churches, two stores, a hoe manu-

s
o
u

factory, a foundry, and a tavern. Pop-
ulation about 500. Cropseyville is
near the eastern limits of the'V)wn.
Brunswick Centre, Clum's Corners,
Haynerville, Platesville, and Rock
Hollow are small villages in the town.

Burden Iron Company.— The
appliances for manufacturing annu-
ally fifty one millions of horse and
mule shoes, enough to shoe the feet of
more than twelve millions of horses
and mules, are but a part of the mas-
sive macliinery contained in the mile
or more of buildings of the extensive
works of the company occupying two
locations in the south part of the city ;
one immediately south of the Wynants
Kill, the other north of the stream.
In 1809, John Converse and several
other copartners leased two water
privileges on the creek, and erected at
the upper fall a rolling and slitting
mill. The establishment was enlarged
in 1813, when it became the property
of the

Troy Iron and Nail Factory
Company ; John Converse, Ruggles
Whiting, Nathaniel Adams, E. F.
Backus, and Henry W. Delevan.
The purpose of the company, disclosed
in the articles of incorporation, was
the manufacture of bar-iron, steel,
nail-rods, hoop-iron, sheet-copper, ma-
chinery, tools and implements. Cap-
ital $96,000. In 1822, Henry Burden
became the superintendent of the es-
tablishment, when that year he moved
from Albany, where he had been en-
gaged in manufacturing agricultural
implements. The works are described
in Spafford's Gazetteer of the State of
New York, published in 1824.
'* Among the manufacturing establish-
ments of this town, the Troy Iron
and Nail Factory claims distinguished
notice. It stands on the Wynants
Kill, in the 6th ward, 2^ miles s. of
the city, and is owned by an incorpo-
rated company, principally in Albany.

These works embrace a rolling and
slitting mill, a very extensive nail fac-
tory, sundry shops for other mechani-
cal business, and about 50 houses,
making a busy, sequestered, manufac-
turing village, which, in compliment
to a man of distinguished merit, I
shall call Adamsvile [in honor of Col.
Nathaniel Adams]. * * * The
nail factory is a stone edifice of great
extent, calculated to contain 24 cut-
ting and heading machines, all cf riven
by water power, by one enormous iron
wheel. * * * It is calculated to
work up one-thousand tons of iron a
year." An invention which largely
increased the productions of the works
shortly thereafter was a wrought-nail
and spike machine made by Henry
Burden, for which he received a pat-
ent. May 26, 1825. In the Troy Di-
rectory of 1839 ^^e works are thus de-
scribed ;

** Troy Iron and Nail Factory, John
Converse, agent. At these works 900
tons of iron were rolled last year, of
which 650 tons were cut into nails.
More than 5,000 nail-kegs were used ;
350 tons of Lehigh coal, with 10,000
bushels of charcoal, were consumed ;
and more than 40 ' men employed.
The annual disbursement on account
of this establishment is about $150,-
000, of which the largest part is paid
for iron ; and about $30,000 for labor
immediately connected with the
works."

*• The spike factory, owned by the
proprietors of the iron and nail fac-
tory, made about 150 tons of wrought
spikes, employed 8 men, and con-
sumed about 40 tons of Lehigh coal,
with about 2,000 bushels charcoal.

The second machine patented by
Henry Burden, December 2, 1834,
for making counter-sunk railroad
spikes to fasten flat rails to longitu-
dinal sleepers, further enlarged the
company's business. The most valu-
able machine constructed by him was

2;
o
ed

O
•J

one for making horseshoes, for which*
in 1835, he obtained a patent. When
it was put in operation many persons
visited the factory to see it make fif-
teen to twenty shoes a minute. The
ingenious inventor, however, was not
satisfied with the machine. It was
his desire to construct one to take a
bar of iron from the roll-train, and to
made a shoe without reheating the
metal. In 1843, he improved the ma-
chine, reducing its action to two move- '
ments. In 1857, he succeeded in per-
fecting one which, after receiving the
heated bar, cut, bent, and forged it
into a shoe in one movement. In
1836, having undertaken the manu-
facture of hook-headed spikes for lay-
ing " T " and •* H " rails, then begin-
ning to supersede the use of flat rails,
the company was given its first order
for ten tons of them by the Long
Island Railroad Company. In 1840,
Henry Burden was granted a patent
for the invention of the hook-headed
spike machine.

The five water-wheels of the works
being insufficient to operate the num-
ber of spike and horseshoe machines
required by the company, Henry Bur-
den constructed, in 1838-39, the im-
mense water-wheel, which Louis Gay-
lord Clark figuratively denominated,
** the Niagara of water-wheels." In
185 1, it gave place to the present large
one of 1,200 horse-power. It is an
over-shot wheel, 60 feet in diameter,
with a width of 22 feet. Around its
broad periphery are 36 buckets, 6 feet
3 inches deep. Although the cele-
brated wheel at the Isle of Man has a
diameter of 70 feet, its buckets are
only 6 feet wide, and its estimated
power is only 200 horse. By the en-
terprise of Henry Burden, the supply
of water in the Wynants Kill was
largely increased by the construction
of storage reservoirs at Sandlake,
whereby channels connecting several
lakes a great quantity of surplus water

was obtained to feed the W3mants KDl
In seasons of drought. The reservoir
immediately east of the Upper Works,
covering an area of 14 acres, was con-
structed in 1846. The great water-
wheel is turned by water flowing from
it through a narrow race.

The "Burden rotary concentric
squeezer," patented in 1840, was an-
other of Henry Burden's valuable in-
ventions. It is now in use in nearly
all the iron mills in this country and
in Europe.

The United States government
having purchased the Burden horse
and mule shoes before the civil war,
deemed them so important a muni-
tion that at the beginning of the re-
bellion it was thought expedient to
take possession of the works, but H.
Burden & Sons gave such assurances
of supplying the orders of the govern-
ment that the firm was permitted to
continue the manufacture of the much
needed shoes. When the military op-
erations assumed their later astonish-
ing magnitude, the government's de-
mand for them was greatly augmented.
Foreign military officers were much
surprised to find them so abundantly
supplied when the war department de-
sired them. Some of the most suc-
cessful cavalry movements were made
practicable by the promptness with
which H. Burden k Sons filled the
large orders of the war department.
In order to obtain horse and mule
shoes the Confederate government
gave orders that whenever opportu-
nity offered of capturing wagon trains
belonging to the United States
armies, that the wagons containing
horse and mule shoes should first be
secured. In the last years of the war,
the Confederate government was in so
sore need of horse and mule shoes
that it contemplated undertaking their
manufacture at Atlanta, Georgia. It
was proposed that a man named
Moses, of Atlanta, then residing in

Toronto, Canada, should visit Troy,
and secretly obtain drawings of the
Burden machines, by which others, to
be used at Atlanta, could be con-
structed. Sheiman's march to the
sea, it is said, abruptly terminated the
undertaking.

The company . is now largely en-
gaged in manufacturing the new
swaged shoes, on machines invented
by James A. Burden, for which he ob-
tained a patent in 1876.

Purchasing from time to time the
stock of the Troy Iron and Nail Fac-
tory Company, Henry Burden, in
1835, was the owner of about one
half of the number of shares. For
his assignment to the company of the
patents of the spike, horseshoe and
other machines, he was allowed 30
per cent of their net earnings, which
did not include his share of the earn-
ings of the works. In 1848, he be-
came sole proprietor of the establish-
ment, which still bore the name of the
Troy Iron and Nail Factory. About
the year 1838, he was elected presi-
dent of the company. In 1859, James
A. Burden was made superintendent
of the establishment. The firm of

H. Burden & Sons was formed in
1864, the co-partners, being Henry
Burden, William F. Burden, James A.
Bui den, and I. Townsend Burden.
On the death of William F. Burden,
December 7, 1867, the business was
continued by the other members of
the firm. On the death of Henry
Burden, January 19, 1 871, James A.
and I. Townsend Burden conducted
the business under the firm-name of
H. Burden & Sons, until the incorpo-
ration of the

Burden Iron Company, June 30,
1881, having a capital of $2,000,000,
divided into three parts : James A.
Burden, I Townsend Burden, and
John L. Arts, trustees and stockhold-
ers. On July I, the company was
organized by the election of James A.

X
W

Burden, president, I. Townsend Bur-
den, vice-president, and John L. Arts,
general manager. The present offi-
cers of the company are James A.
Burden, president, John L. Arts,
general manager, and N. J. Gable,
secretary.

The diflFerent buildings of the com-
pany are those of *'The Upper Works"
or *• Water Mills," on the south side
of the Wynants Kill, on the hill east
of the Hudson ; and ** The Lower
Works "or "Steam Mills," built on
the east bank of the Hudson, imme-
diately north of the mouth of the
Wynants Kill. The latter occupy a
part of a tract of land of foriy-five
acres, extending three-quarters of a
mile along the Hudson from the creek
northward to the Clin on Stove Works
of the Fuller & Warren Company.
They embrace two blast furnace-, 60
feet high, with two casting houses,
each 92 by 47 feet ; two stock houses,
each 1 14 by 65 feet ; a rolling mill,
421 by 96 feet ; two puddling forges,
one 706 by 83 feet, and one 416 by
58 feet; a horseshoe swaging shop,
271 by 45 ftet ; a horseshoe store-
house. 590 by 60 feet, having a ca-
pacity for 240,000 kegs of finished
horse and mule shoes ; an iron ware-
house, 167 by 55 feet; a machine
shop, 140 by 57 feet ; a blacksmith
shop, 130 by 55 feet, and oiher large
structures, which, if compactly aligned
with those of ** The Upper Works,"
would be moie than a mile long. The
first buildings at "The Lower Works"
were erected in 1862.

The "Upper Works" include a roll-
ing mill and puddling forge, 358 by
136 feet, two horseshoe factories, one
125 by 34 feet, and one 120 by 40 feet;
a rivet factory, 1 20 by 80 feet ; a rivet
store-house, semi-circular, 168 by 120
feet ; a scrap-house and shop, 175 by
50 feet, and other adjacent buildings.

In the different buildings of the im-
mense establishment are 100 puddling

furnaces, 20 heating furnaces, 15 trains
of rolls, 4 squeezers, 11 large and 15
small steam engines, besides a num-
ber of horseshoe and rivet machines.

The magnitude of the means of the
Burden Iron Company may be com-
prehended when it is known that the
works have a capacity for making an-
nually 600,000 kegs, or about 51,000,-
000 horse and mule shoes. Besides
producing these, the company also
manufactures annually thousands of
tons of boiler rivets, and a still larger
quantify of merchant iron.

The company's office -building is an
atti active brick structure, 68 by 86
feet, at the north side of the lower
mills; the entrance to which is at
Main Street, crossed by the street
cars, and a short distance north of the
Iron- Works station of the Troy and
Greenbush Railroad, (Hudson River
Railioad) The counting room and
private offices are appropriately furn-
ished ; telephone and telegraph wires
connecting them with the upper and
lower works and with the city ser-

Burdett Building, Nos. 251
and 253 River Street, was erected in
1881, by George C. Burdett, deceased.
The salerooms and offices of Burdett.
Smith, & Co., stove manufacturers, are
on the first floor of the building
Kelly & Knox, insurance agents;
Morrison, Colwell, & Page, iron found-
ers; and Hermann, Aukam, & Co.,
manufacturers of women's underwear,
occupy rooms on the second floor.
The last mentioned firm has its maa-
ufacturing rooms on the upper floors.
The building was partly burned on
February 2, 1883,

Caledonian Club of Troy and
Cohoes, organized January 29, 1872,
meets on the second and fourth Tues-
day evenings, in the building. No. 279
River Street.

BURDETT BUILDING, 25 1 AND 253 RIVER STREET.

Candy Manufacturer.—

M. D. Saxe, No. 215 Broadway,
retail store; No. 415 Fulton Street,
wholesale store and manufactory.

Carpenters and Builders.—

Charles Duncan, Ko. 6 and 8
Mechanic Street, between Federal
and Grand Division streets.

Charles P. Hutchins, rear of 22
State Street, between Second and
Third streets.

Lemmon & Robinson, (John Lem-
mon and Richard F. Robinson, north-
west comer of Mechanic and Federal
streets.

John McBride, rear of No. 464
River Street, between King and Hut-
ton streets.

G. W. Oliver, west side of Me-
chanic Street, between, Fulton and
Grand Division streets.

Carpets and Oil Cloths —

Metcalf & Co., dealers in carpets
and oil cloths, have one of the largest
sale and display rooms in the city. It
is in the building Nos. 15 and 17
Third Street, west side, between
Broadway and Fulton Street, on the
floor immediately above the Postoffice.
The attractive room is one hundred
and thirty-four feet deep, with a width
of fifty feet. It is excellently lighted
by large windows, affording the requi-
site light, which is unquestionably a
special advantage to buyers in ex-
amining and comparing the fabric and
designs of the large stock of fine car-
pets contained in the spacious apart-
ment. "When they are unrolled and
laid in paralled widths, the general
effiect of any of the Mcquetie, Ax-
minster, Wilton, Brussels, ingrain and
other carpets is readily perceived.

Selections of carpeting for hotels,
halls and houses can, in this way,
be judiciously made. Metcalf & Co.
have besides a great number of beau-
tiful lace and drapery curta ns and
window shades, and also oil cloths for
halls, stairs and tables, variously de-
signed and of all widths Canton
and cocoa mattings and rugs of differ-
ent patterns also compose a part of
the firm's large stock of goods. Car-
pets when purchased are sewed and
laid by the firm's competent workmen
with the utmost care and dispatch.
Curtains with the latest approved fix-
tures are quickly hung by them. The
firm of Metcalf & Co. was formed on
February i, 1886, and succeeded to
the business begun in T865 by Flagg,
King, & Co., in the building on the
northeast corner of Fulton and Fourth
streets.

Cars.—

The Gilbert Car Manufactur-
ing Company, whose extensive build-
ings cover about twelve acres of land
in the central part of Green Island, is
widely known as one of the principal
car manufactuting companies in the
United Stales. Uri Gilbert, its presi-
dent, as early as the year 1830, became
a partner of Orsamus Eaton, who,
about the year 1823, began making
carriages and other vehicles, in a
building on the south side of Piatt
Titus's tavern, now the Troy House.
The manufacture of stage-coaches
half a century ago in Troy gave no lit-
tle distinction to the city. The enter-
prise of those engaged in the business
is mentioned with evident pride by
the Troy Sen tine/ of May 8, 1827 :
"The improvement in the mode of
conveyance in this country is not con-
fined to steamboats and the water, as
those may well testify who recollect
the difference between our light, ele-
gant and convenient stage-coaches^

with tbeir spring seats and easy mo-^were made by them for stage-roads in
tion, and the lumbering vehicles which Mexico. Between the years 1847 and
were in use for the purpose some 1853, the stage-coaches made by
twelve or fifteen years ago. We Eaton, Gilbert, & Co. were running
are happy to know that the public are on almost all the mail routes in every
indebted to the ingenuity and enter- state in the Union. In 1850, not less

prise of citizens of Troy for some of
these additional conveniences. The
valuable improvement of fixing a seat
over the baggage and a railing around

than 5,000 were in use in the United
States, Canada, Mexico, and South
America. What untold recollections
are stirred by the mention of the

the top of the carriage was first intro- names of the old-time stage lines, and
duced, we believe, by Mr. [Charles] the different designations given the
Veazie of this city ; and in one of the coaches owned by them ! How many
elegant stage-coaches lately turned gray-haired men and women in the
out from the shop of O. Eaton, we United States remember the '* Tele-
notice a still further improvement of graph," the ** Dispatch,'* and the
a similar kind. An extra seat is *' Potomac," of the Good Intent Stage
placed on the top of the coach, just Company ; the ** Great Western," of
behind the seat of the driver. It is the Ohio Stage Company ; ** Fashion,"
thus fixed in a more pleasant and ** Beauty," " Herald," " Jewess," and
agreeable situation, and gives, at the " Brilliant," of the National Road
same time, a better balance to the Stage Company? Besides the large
load." A year later, the following number of stage-coaches made by
description of a Troy stage-coach ap- Eaton, Gilbert, S Co., they also man-
peared in the same paper : *' The ufactured omnibuses, for routes in the
lines and curves of the carriage are cities of Boston, New York, Philadel-
full of grace, and it is furnished with phia, and Baltimore. In 1841, Eaton
seats for 21 persons, 12 outsiders and & Gilbert began manufacturing rail-
9 insiders — ^viz. : a seat over the bag- road coaches. Shortly afterward the
gage rack, one fronting it on the top firm also began making freight-cars,
behind the driver's seat, and one The firm built the first eight-wheel

above it, on the front top, each for
three, and the three usual inside
seats." In 1828, Orsamus Eaton
moved his establishment to the north-

passenger-cars run on the Schenectady
and Troy Railroad. The growth of
the business of Eaton, Gilbert, ft Co.
is seen in the number of cars, omni-

west corner of Sixth and Albany buses, and stage-coaches made by

(Broadway) streets where, in 1830, them in 1850: Stage-coaches, 100;

he and Uri Gilbert formed the firm of omnibuses, 50; passenger-cars, 30;

Eaton & Gilbert, which conducted freight-cars, 150. On the afternoon

the business until 1844, when, on of October 28, 1852, their car ^ops

March 18, Edward O. Eaton became on Sixth Street were destroyed by fire,

a copartner, and the name of the firm In January, 1853, they sold their

was changed to that of Eaton, Gil- property on Sixth Street to the Union

bert, & Co. In 1830, the manufacture Railroad Company, and afterward

of stage-coaches at the factory of occupied their new buildings on the

Charles Veazie, and at that of Orsa- northwest comer of George and Clin-

mus Eaton, had increased the number ton streets. Green Island. On the

annually made in Troy to 50, valued introduction of street-cars in the large

at $60,000, and in 1832 to 200. Not cities, Eaton, Gilbert, & Co. made

a few coaches, '* diligencias generaUst* many for the different lines in Boston,

o
o

fib

New York, Chicago, and St Louis.
In 1862, the partnership of Eaton.
Gilbert, & Co. was dissolved, and Uri
Gilbert continued the business until
1863. when William E. Gilbert be-
came associated in it with his father,
under the firm-name of Uri Gilbert &
Son. In August, 1864, a part of the
car- works were burned. New build-
ings were erected, and the business
greatly enlarged. During the war
about five hundred gun-carriages for
the United States government were
made at the works. 1^ 1864, the firm
of Uri Gilbert & Son was succeeded
by that of Gilbert, Bush, & Co., the
former partners admitting Walter
R. Bush into the business. In 1867,
Edward G. Gilbert and Walter R.
Bush, jr., were admitted into the
partnership, and in i8f'9, L. O. Han-
som. In 1872, the latter withdrew.
The firm of Gilbert, Bush, & Co.
was succeeded by the Gilbert & Bush
Company, on January i, 1879. On
August 25, 1882, the Gilbert Car
Manufacturing Company was organ-
ized, and took control of the business.
Besides constructing for many railroad
lines in the United States various
classes of cars, ranging from plainly
built freight to elaborately ornamented
boudoir cars, the company manu-
factures a large number of passenger
c<Mches for lines in Australia, New
Zealand, and South America. Cars
shipped to distant parts of the world
are made in sections, for compact
packing. The sides, ends, tops, and
bottoms of fifteen cars, when closely
packed, occupy no more space than
that taken by a single car when on
wheels. The different parts of these
cars are made according o a standard
scale, so that, if any be lost, dupli-
cates may be forwarded to the com-
pany to whom the former were
shq»ped. Sometimes as many as forty
cars are transported to New York in
a barge, to be shipped thence to their

different desthiationi. The car-works
are adjacent the Rensselaer and
Saratoga Railroad, which affords the
company the facilities of sending cars
on wheels direct from the establish-
ment to different roads in the United
States and Canada. The large work-
shops and lumber-yards of the com-
pany, occupying a half score of
squares in the central part of Green
Island village, are between Clinton
Street on the south and Swan S.reet
on the north, and range from George
Street on the east to the company's
extensive wharf on the south branch
of the Mohawk River on the west.

The officers of the company are :
Uri Gilbert, president and treasurer ;
Edward G. Gilbert, vice-presideitt/
and assistant treasurer; William E.
Gilbert, second vice-president, and
Frederick S. Young, secretary. The
company's post-office address is Troy,
N. Y.

Carving, Wood and Stone.—

L. H. De Zouche, carving in wood
and stone ; church-work a specialty ;
No. 451 and 453 Fulton Street.

Car Wheels.—

Jonas S. Heartt & Co., car wheel
manufacturers, Second Street, comer
of Ida Street.

Cemeteries.— From 1786 to 1886,
a period of one hundred years, not
less than fifty thousand interments
have been made in the old grave-yards
and later cemeteries on and around
the site of Troy. In 1786, when set-
tlers began to lease building lots at
Van der Heyden's Ferry, there were
evidences of a grave-yard on the plat
of ground now covered by the build-
ing on the southeast corner of Congress
and River streets. When the Yvonnet
building, on its site, was burned, and

excarations were made for the founda-
tionsjof another structure, the remains
of bodies buried there were exhumed,
which, it is said, were then interred
in Mount Ida Cemetery. On the hill,
east of Eighth Street, on the dividing
line of the Warren and Seminary
properties, was the burial-ground of
the Van dcr Heyden family, inclosed
by a high stone-wall. The remains
interred there weie, in July, 1857,
transferred to Oak wood Cemetery.
Near the intersection of Madison and
Fourth streets was the Schuyler family
grave-yard. The tomb-stones in it
were still standing in 1 848. A half
century ago, the Society of Friends
had a grave-yard on the south side of
Hoosick Street, east of the line of
Ninth Street.

Third Street Burial-Ground.
The plat of ground on which the City
Hall is built was conveyed, on May
10, 1796, by Jacob D. Van der Hey-
den, to the trustees of the village,
*• to be used for a public burial
ground." After Oakwood Cemetery
was laid' out, many of the remains
in it were buried there. When the
grave-yard was taken in 1875 for the
site of the City Hall, the remains of
208 persons were exhumed and in-
terred in Oakwood Cemeteiy. Be-
neath the sod of the unoccupied space
between the City Hall and the Baptist
Church is a number of graves covered
with the marble slabs which once
marked them. Among them is the
grave of Piatt Titus, who, at the time
of his death, on Thursday, April 30,
1833, had been proprietor of the Troy
House nearly 30 years.

Troy Cemetery. This burial
ground, east of Mount Ida and west
of Ida Falls, the entrance to which is
at the foot of Chestnut Street, south
of Congress Street, was given to the
trustees of the village by Stephen

Van Rensselaer, in 1814. The deed
conve3ring it to the village authorities
is dated, January 20, 1815. In the
neglected grave-yard is a head-stone
on which is inscribed : *' In memory
of Mr. George Young, who died
November 6, 1814, ISL, 55 years.
Note. — The subject of the above in-
scription is the first person whose
mortal remains have been deposited
in this burying-ground."

Mount Ida Cemetery ground, on
the east side of Pawling Avenue, was
purchased by the city, January i, 1832.
The south part of it, known as the
old Catholic buiying-ground, was sold
to the trustees of St. Peter's Roman
Catholic Church, on Febryary 5. 1835.

St Mary's Cemetery, on the
north side of the Brunswick and Pitts-
town turnpike, was purchased by the
Rev. Peter Havermans, on September
10, 1845, and by him conveyed, on
December 8. 1866, to the trustees of
the cemetery.

Oakwood Cemetery. On Sep-
tember 9, 1848, the Troy Cemetery
Association was organized, and John
Paine, D. Thomas Vail, Isaac McCon-
ihe. George M. Tibbits, John B.
Gale, and Stephen E. Warren were
elected trustees. A committee was
appointed to report an eligible loca-
tion for a cemetery. The attractive
site of Oakwood Cemetery was se-
lected. On September 5, 1849, the
first land embraced in its area was
purchased, and thereafter laid out into
roads, walks, and burial plats by J. C.
Sidney, an experienced landscape en-
gineer, of Philadelphia. On Octo-
ber 16, 1850, the grounds were conse-
crated, and named Oakwood Ceme-
tery. Its present area includes about
300 acres of land. In the beautiful
cemetery are the graves of thousands
of people who in past years acted
their paurts and ended their careers in

Tfoy. In 18S4-85, the entrance to maible tablet, inscribed : " In

the grounds on Cemetery Avenue ory of Jacob D. Vandeiheyden, who

was made more attractive by the erec-
tion of iron-gates, a keeper's lodge,
and the planting of trees and shrub-
bery along the broad avenue leading
to die elevated parts of the secluded
necropolis. In it is the conspicuous
monolith, seventy five feet in height,
marking the burial place of Major-

departed this life. Sept 4th, 1809,
aged 50 years, 10 months and 12
days."

The Sixth Ward Cemetery, on
the hill-side west of Vandenburgh
Avenue, near the Burden Iron Com-
pany's upper works, is a small plat

keeper's lodge at oakwood cemetery.

General John E. Wool, who died in
Troy, November 10, 1873. The
tomb of Major-General George H.
Thomas, who died in San Francisco,
March 28. 1 870. is also to be seen
near it, overshadowed by the sculp-
tured form of an American eagle, with
outspread wings. There, also, is the
grave of Jacob D. Van der Heyden,
the patroon of Troy, marked by a

of ground, which was conveyed May
17, 1836, to the city by the Troy Nail
Factory Company, to be used as a
public burial ground for that part of
the city.

New Mount Ida Cemetery
ground, on the north side of Pine
Woods Avenue, a half mile east of
Mount Ida Cemetery, was purchased
by the city, October s» 1854.

St. Peter's Church Cemetery
ground, opposite and east J of Oak-
wood Cemetery, was purchased by
the Right Rev. John McCloskey,
Bishop of Albany, February ii, 1858.

St. Joseph's Cemetery ground,
on the high land between the Poesten
and Wynants kills, was purchased by
the Rev. Joseph Loyzance, of St.
Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, on
November i. i860.

Rural Cemetery, about two miles
south of West Troy, was projected
in 1840, for a burial place for the dead
of Albany City and vicinity. The
Rural Cemetery Association was in-
corporated, April 20, 1841. The
ground was consecrated, October 7,
1844. The first interment was made
there in May, 1845.

St. Agnes Cemetery. The
ground of St. Agnes Cemetery, ad-
joining Rural Cemetery, was pur-
chased by Roman Catholic people,
March i, 1867. St Agnes Cemetery
Association was incorporated, May 9,
that year, and the cemetery conse-
crated. May 19

Census. (See Population.)

Center Island, opposite that
part of the city between Fulton and
Grand Division streets, is delineated
on John Klein's map of Troy, pub-
lished in 18 1 8, and named Fish
Island. After the erection of the Star-
buck buildings on the island, in
'853-54, it was commonly called Star-
buck Island. In later yeais, it has
borne the name of Center Island.

Chains.—

The American Chain Cable
* Works, on the bank of the Hudson,
between Douw Street and Smith Av-
enue, were established, in 1865, by

Joseph B. Carr and N. J. Rockwell.
On the tatter's retirement that year,
William Kemp and De Witt Tuthill
became associated with J. B. Carr,
under the former firm-name of J. B.
Carr &, Co. The establishment is a
large brick building, 125 by 180 feet.
The firm's office is at No. 10 Douw
Street. The excellence of the chains
and cables made by the firm has given
them an extensive sale not only in the
United States, but in so distant a
country as Norway, Burden's best
iron is used, and each xrhain and
cable is subjected to the English ad-
miralty test before it is shipped from
the works. They have a capacity for
making ten tons of chains and cables
daily. About 70 skilled workmen
are employed. On the death of De-
Witt Tuthill. March 4. 1886, J. B.
Carr and William Kemp became the
proprietors of the works, under the
firm name of J. B. Carr & Co.

Chair Company.— (See Troy

Chair Company.)

Chatauqua Literary and
Scientific Circle. The Vincent
Circle, formed October, 1882, meets
on the first Thursday evening in each
month, from October to June.

Churches. — There are forty-six
churches within the limits of the city.
If Westminster Presbyterian Church,
immediately north of the city limi s,
and St. Michael's, Roman Catholic,
immediately south of the city limits,
are added to the number, there are
forty-eight, denominationally embrac-
ing 5 Baptist ; I Church of Christ ;
7 Episcopal; i Evangelical, (Ger-
man) ; 2 Jewish ; i J-utheran, (Ger-
man) ; 9 Methodist, including i Ger-
man ; 12 Presbyterian ; 8 Roman
Catholic, including i French and
I German ; i Unitarian, and I Univcr-
saUst.

Church Homes.— {See Home
OF THE Aged Poor ; Presbyterian
Church Home; Protestant Epis-
copal Church Home.)

Church of Christ, northeast
corner of River and Jay streets. On
May 14, 1837, the society, named the
Congregation of Jesus Christ, was or-
ganized by Benjamin Read, James
Rumbold, and Joseph W. Ager. On
May 13, 1838. Dexter Moody became
a member of it, who sometime after-
ward erected a one-story, weather-
boarded building for a house of wor-
ship, on the west side of North Second
Street, between Jay and Vanderhey-
den streets,now converted into a dwell-
ling, known as No. 221. The society
flout ished about a decade of years.

The Church of Christ vas organ-
ized, June 2, 1866. in the hall of the
Troy Young Men's Association. The
Rev. W. A. Belding was the first pas-
tor, and Joseph H. Rhodes, Jeremiah
Washburn, and James B. Thomas the
first trustees. The socie y erected a
brick church, in 1S68. on the south-
westt comer of Seventh and Fulton
streets, which was dedicated on De-
cember 3, that year. The building
was purchased in February, 1885, by
the members of St. Paul's Evangeli-
cal Church. In April, 1885, ground
was purchased on tne northeast cor-
ner of River and Jay streets, on which
an attractive brick church was erected.
It was dedicated November i, 1885.
The bell and the tower wei e the gift
of Dexter Moody. Sittings 400.
Total cost of building, furniture, and
bell, $18,318.07. Number of mem-
bers about 281.

Pastors: W. A. Belding, 1866 to
1872; Levi Osborn. 1S72 ; W. A.
Belding, 1873 ; W. H. Rogers, 1874
to 1875 ; Joseph Bradford Cleaver,

1876 to 1877; O. F. Bartholomew,

1877 to 1878; Charles Robertson,
1879 to 1880 ; W. T. Mason, 1880 to

1883 ; Simon Rohrer, 1883 to 1884 ;
R. W. Stancill, 1884 to present time.

Citizens' Corps.— <See Troy

Citizens* Corps.)

City Hall, southeast comer of
Third and State streets. ** An act to
incorporate the City-Hall Company of
the city of Troy " was passed. May 7,
1869, by which Joseph M. Warren,
D. Thomas Vail, John L. Flagg. E.
Thompson Gale, Jared S. Weed, Fran-
cis S. Thayer, Daniel Robinson, Chas.
W. Tillinghast, Miles Beach and their
associates were authorized to purchase
a site, and to erect on it a public
building to be used as a city-hall and
for other public purposes. The com-
pany's capital, $200,000, was allowed
to be increased to $300,000. The
Troy Savings Bank was permitted to
contribute from the surplus funds of
the institution money to provide rooms
in the building for banking purposes,
and was to own the building jointly
with the City-Hall Company, in pro-
portion to the amount of money con-
tributed. The project of forming the
company was abandoned when the
trustees of the Troy Savings Bank de-
termined to build a banking-house on
the northeast comer of Second and
State streets.

Edward Murphy, jr., mayor of the
city, in his first message to the com-
mon council, in 1875, advocated the
erection of a city-hall by the city:
" If there is any public building our
citizens need, it is a city-hall. * * ♦
Petitions, I leam, are in circulation
among our citizens for the purchase
of the Athenaeum Building. I am
free to say that I am opposed to any
such purchase. * * * i would
therefore recommend that negotiations
be entered into with the heirs of the
Vanderheyden estate to have them
relinquish their interest and rights

(if any exist) in the land located on
the southeast comer of Third and
State streets, for the purpose of erect-
ing thereon a city-hall. The land
was originally donated to the city for
a burial-ground, bnt as it is now no
longer used for that purpose, it seems
to me to be a most eligible location
for the erection of a suitable public
building to be known as a city-hall."

The common council, however, on
April I, ordered a special committee,
appointed March i8, to buy the Athe-
naeum Building, on First Street, which
the city had partly occupied for a
number of years. It was purchasable
at $60,000; $25,000 in cash, and
$35,000 in city bonds. The mayor
vetoed the resolution, April 15.

On May 21, 1875, an act was passed
by the legislature authorizing the city
of Troy to purchase a suitable site in
the city, and to erect thereon a city-
hall for the use and purpose of the
corporation, at an expense not ex-
ceeding $130,000. The Third Street
Burial Ground was selected as the site
of the city-hall on June 8. The Van
der Heyden heirs were paid $10,000
to surrender their right, title and in-
terest in the property. On July 8,
the plan of M. F. Cummings, archi-
tect, for the construction of the build-
ing was adopted. The disinterment
of the bodies in the burial ground be-
gan on Monday, July I3, and was
completed on August i ; the remains
of 208 persons having been removed
to Oakwood and other cemeteries at
the expense of the city. The con-
tracts for the erection of the building
were awarded on July 23. The cor-
ner-stone was laid by George M. Tib-
bits on Monday, November 15. The
building was completed and occupied
in October, 1876. The edifice is 150
feet long and 83 wide, built of Phila-
delphia pressed brick, with sand-stone
and iron trimmings. The common
council chamber, on the second story

and north end of the building, is 60
feet long and 40 wide. The public
hall, on the same story, at the south
end of the building, has a gallery, and
will contain 1,100 people. The total
cost of the city hall, including its site
and furniture, was $119,761.61. The
clock was placed in the tower, August
1885. (See Clock, Town.)

City Officers.— The oflScers of
the different departments of the city
government are a mayor, two alder-
men from each ward, a supervisor
in each ward, twelve commissioners
of public schools, two justices of the
justices' court, a constable in each
ward, all of whom are elected by bal-
lot at the general election; a comp-
troller, a chamberlain, a city attorney,
a city engineer, a city clerk, a health
officer, two police magistrates, seven
commissioners of the city's funded
debt, all of which officers are nomi-
nated by the mayor and deemed con-
firmed by the common council, unless
rejected as provided by law ; a super-
intendent of public burial grounds,
a superintendent of public clocks,
a sealer of weights and meas-
ures, a pound keeper, a mayor's pri-
vate secretary, a mayor's messenger, a
clerk of the board' of health, a city-
hall janitor and engineer, commission-
ers of deeds, not exceeding two for
eveiy one thousand inhabitants in the
city, all of which officers are appointed
by the mayor, and are deemed con-
firmed by the common council unless
rejected as provided by law ; five
water commissioners, and six fire
commissioners, elected by the concur-
ring vote of two thirds of the whole
number of aldermen constituting the
common council ; a superintendent of
the water works, nominated by the
water commissioners and confirmed
by the common council ; four general
assessors, six commissioners of chari-
ties, andj four^'police commissioners,

elected by the common council; a
city superintendent, appointed by the
contracting board ; three city physi-
cians, a superintendent of the poor,
and a clerk of the board of charities,
appointed by the board of charities;
four inspectors of election for each
election district, a clerk of the board
of excise, appointed by the board of
police commissioners ; a chief En-
gineer of the fire department and as
many assistant engineers as are re-
quired, appointed by the board of fire
commissioners. A registrar of vital
statistics, and three sanitary inspectors
are appointed by the board of health.
The comptroller, the chamberlain,
and the city engineer, cx-officio^ con-
stitute the local assessors.

Clock, Town. — - The village
trustees called a meeting of the free-
holders and inhabitants of Troy at
the courthouse, on December 21,
1815, at 6 o'clock P. M., *\\.o take into
consideration the expediency of pro-
curing a town-clock for .the use of the
village." Although the trustees were
authorized at that meeting to procure
one, the people, at pother meeting,
held on February 8, 18 16, rescinded
that authorization.

On November 4, 1824, a committee
was appointed by the common council
to determine whether or not the city
should purchase the town-clock put in
the tower of the Baptist Church. On
December 7, 1824, the chamberlain
was directed to pay $250 to Abraham
Fellows for the clock, provided the
trustees of the Baptist Church agreed
to let it remain where it had been
placed, and to wind it up free of ex-
pense to the city. The clock was
constructed by Stephen Hasham, of
Charlestown, N. H. It has three
dials, one facing the west, the others,
the north and south. It is now in the
tower of the present church. The
clock cost $550.

The city contracted with Michael
Timpane of Troy on May 15, 1885,
for the clock in the tower of the city-
hall. It was made by the Howard
Watch and Clock Company of New
York. It cost $1,300. The clock
began running on Friday, August 21,
1885. The east and west dials are 8
feet in diameter ; the north and south,
6 feet. The dials are illuminated at
night ; an automatic attachment turn-
ing the gas on and ofi at set hours.

Clothing.—

MoRias Gross, clothier and mer-
chant tailor, Nos. 336 and 338 River
Street, and Nos. 13, 15 and 17 Fourth
Street. Ninety-eight years ago, **a
tailor and habit-maker,*' named Asa
Crossen, from New London, became
one of the settlers at Van der Hey-
den's Ferry, and at once advertised
" that if elegance in fitting ladies and
gentlemen in the newest fashion"
we»e "an inducement to them to
honor him with their commands," he
doubted not " from his experience to
give general satisfaction " to all who
patronized him. A half century later,
the manufacture of ready-made cloth-
ing began. Among those now largely
engaged in the business and that of
merchant tailoring in Troy, is Morris
Gross, who on attaining his majority
became a salesman in his father's
clothing store, at No. 123 Con-
gress Street. In 1868, he himself en-
gaged in the same business at No. 119
Congress Street. In 1871, he moved
to No. 10 Third Street, where as a
merchant tailor and dealer in ready
made clothing his business became so
large that it was necessary for him in
1874 to extend his saleroom into No.
12 Third Street. In 1880, needing
the conveniences of a much larger
building, he moved to Marble Hall,
Nos. 336 and 338 River Street. From
the large plate-glass windows and

MORias gross' clothing house.

doors on River Street, his spacious,
heavily stocked, ready-made-clothing
saleroom, 125 by 40 feet, extends to
the Fourth Street entrances. On the
same floor, on the Fourth Street side
of the four-stoiy building, is the chil-
dren's clothing department. On the

second floor is the merchant tailoring
department, where cloths may be se-
lected to be made into suits from goods
of the latest fashionable patterns dis-
played there. On the third and
fourth floors are the general stock
rooms of the establishment

JULIUS SAUL'S BUILDING.

Julius Saul, merchant tailor and first settlers of Troy was home-made.

clothier, Nos. 324 and 326 River Street,
and Nos. 23 and 25 Fourth Street.
The growth of all businesses has pe-
culiar changes marking their develop-
ment. Most of the clothing of the

The spinning wheel and the loom were
necessary pieces of furniture in their
new homes. The clothing of men
and boys was generally cut and made
by women. Not a few men engaged

in out-door occnpationi wore leather
breeches. In the fall of 1787, one of
the village storekeepers wrote to his
brother, in Providence, Rhode Island :
'* Send me as many sheep-skins as you
are a mind to. Two of them will
make a man a pair of breeches." At
the large clothing house of Julius Saul,
any one can be convinced that the
greater number of the male inhabit-
ants of Troy buy their clothing ready-
made. The attractive, four-story,
brick building extends 150 feet to
Fourth Street. The spacious sale-
room on the first floor is stocked with
seasonable coats, vests, and trousers
to supply the numerous customers
which the popularity of this well-
known clothing house attracts. The
custom department is on the second
floor, where patterns may be selected
from the stock of cloths and other
stuffs to be made into siich fashiona-
ble styles as may be desired. In 1867,
Julius Saul began business in Troy as
a clothier, at No, 324 River Street.
In 1872, he occupied the building,
Nos. 336 and 338 River Street.. In
1S79, ^^ moved to his present estab-
lishment, Nos. 324 and 326 River
Street, and 23 and 25 Fourth Street
In 1884, he opened a branch store in
Music Hall, Albany. To obtain all
the advantages of a prosperous cloth-
ing manufacturing house, he removed
his manufactory from Troy to New
Tork, where he has recently estab-
lished one of the largest manufactories
in the metropolis.

Clubs. — ^Among the clubs in the
city noticed under their separate heads
are:

Americus Club.

Bachelor Club.

B. G. Club.

Caledonian Club of Troy and Co-
hoes.

Ionic Club.

Literary Club.
Pafraets Dael Club.
Rensselaer Union Club.
Troy Bicycle Club.
Troy Club.

Troy Deaf-Mute Club.
(See Boat Clubs.)

Coal Dealers.— The principal
wholesale and retail dealers in coal in
the city are the following :

Edward Bolton, Mechanic Street,
south of Grand Division Street.

David Judson, (A. E. Judson and
C. T. Judson, No. 51 River Street.

James O'Neil, Front Stret, corner
of Ferry Street.

Peterson & Packer, (S. A. Peter-
son and George A. Packer,) northwest
corner of Fulton and Mechanic streets.

Stone & Crandell, (Charles R.
Stone and Otis N. Crandell,) No. 389
River Street, between Bridge Avenue
and Jacob Street

John H. Tupper. northeast corner
of River and Jacob Streets.

J. A. Wait, Son, & Co., (Josiah A.
Wait, L. H. Wait, and D. Ritchie.)
No. 140 Fourth Street; and Front
Street, between Liberty and Division
streets.

John Worthington, No. 107
River Street, between Ferry and Divi-
sion streets.

Tom S. Wotkyns, coal dealer,
office on the southwest comer of Ful-
ton and Front streets. The adjoining
conspicuous coal-pocket, sixty by one
hundred and forty-one feet, and forty-
five feet high, is one of the largest in
the city. It has a storage capacity for
about nine thousand tons of coaL

The property extends two hundred
feet along the sonth side of Fulton
Street and one hundred and fifty
along the Hudson River. As a dealer
in coal Tom S. Wotkyns commands
all the necessary means and conveni-
ences for supplying his numerous cus-
tomers with different kinds of coal,
both in large and small quantities, at

business at the same place until 1868,
when he and his former partner and
Lewis A. Rousseau, became the firm
of Stackpole, Wotkyns, & Co. This
partnership was dissolved in 1874.
In 1875, Tom S. Wotkyns and Oscar
E. Van Zile became the firm of Van
Zile & Wotkyns, coal-dealers, con-
ducting the business on the southwest

TOM S. WOTKYNS'S OFFICE AND COAL-POCKET.

the shortest notice. George Dana comer of River and Liberty streets*
Wotkyns, the father of Tom S. Wot- From the time of the dissolution of
kyns, formed, in 1845, ^ partnership this firm in 1884, Tom S. Wotkyns
with Joseph Stackpole, under the has continued in the business on the
name of Stackpole & Wotkyns, coal southwest comer of Fulton and Front
dealers, doing business on Front streets. Van Zile & Wotkyns pur-
Street, below Ferry Street. The chased the site in 1882, when the firm
partnership was dissolved in 1867. moved from the former place of busi-
Ueorge Dana Wotkyns conducted the ness on the southwest comer of River

and Liberty street^. At the begin-
ning of the centnry the site of Tom
S. Wotkyns' office and coal-pocket
was a part of the space known to the
people of Troy as the Ship-yard,
where many of the sloops carrying
grain from Troy were built. It was
here that the steamboat Star, built by
William Annesley, to ply between
Troy and Albany, was launched on
Tuesday, June 19, 1827, in the sight
of a large number of people.

Coffee and Spices.—

Burden & Co., successors to J. B.
Anthony, wholesale dealers and man-
ufacturers of coffee and spices ; Union
Mills, established, 1848; No. 363
River Street

N. Reynolds & Co., (Joseph Nel-
son,) Olympus Coffee and Spice Mills,
Nos. 656 and 658 River Street. Sole
agents for F. & J. Heinz, manufac-
turers of pickles, preserves and vin-
egar.

Cohoes, The City of, in Al-

bany County, on the west side of the
Hudson, is three miles northwest of
Troy, and opposite the village of Lan-
singburgh. The site of Cohoes was
conveyed by its Indian possessors to
the agents of Kiliaen Van Rensselaer,
on July 27, 1630. The tract of land
in which it^was included was described
at that time as extending northward of
the site of Albany to a line running
westward through a point **a little
south of Moenemines Casteel ;" a pal-
isaded fort of the Mohawks, appar-
ently situated on Haver Island. On
a map of Rensselaerswyck, made
about the year 163 1, this part of the
great estate of the Dutch patroon is
denominated Weelijs Dael^ (Weely's
Part.) doubtless so named in honor of
Kiliaen Van Rensselaer's second wife,
Anna Van Weely. The Mohawk,

originally called the Maquas River,
on the south bank of which the
greater part of the city is bnilt, flows
into the Hudson by fonr branches, the
south one of which is partly closed by
the dyke between the city and Green
Island. They were thus described, in
1656, by a Dutch writer : •* The other
arm of the North River [the Hudson]
runs by four sprouts * ♦ * to
the great falls of the Maquas Kill,
called by the Indians the Chahoos,
and by our nation the Great Fall."
At that time, one or two Du*ch farm-
ers had settled in this part of Rensse-
laerswyck. In 1767, the farm-houses
of Hendrik Lansing, Comelis Ouder-
kerke, Diederik Hemstraet, Hans Lan-
sing, Douw Fonda, and Frans Lan-
sing were within the present limits of
the city. The first bridge spanning
the Mohawk River at the site of Co-
hoes was built in 1795. It extended
from where Mohawk and Remsen
streets intersect to the excavated road
leading to it on the opposite bank of
the river, a short distance west of ihe
north end of the railroad bridge.
Along the river-road to Albany, imme-
diately south of the bridge, there
were, in 18 11, a few houses, the local-
ity of which bore the name of Cohoes-
ville. That year, the Cohoes Manu-
facturing Company was incorporated
**for the purpose of manufacturing
cotton, woolen and linen goods,
making bar-iron, anchors, mill-irons,
nail-rods, hoop-iron and iron mon-
gery." About sixty acres of the Heam-
street farm, east of Mohawk Street,
and the island subsequently known as
Simmons' Island, opposite the farm,
were purchased by the company.
Shortly afterward a building was
erected on the west bank of the south
branch of the Mohawk River, oppo-
site the north end of the island. In
this building the company began man-
ufacturing screws by machinery, in-
vented by William C. Penniman. In

constmcting the Champlam and Erie
canals, between the years 1816 and
i825» two locks were built at their
junction, near where now is the bridge
oyer the Champlain Canal, west of
the dyke across the south branch of
the Mohawk Riyer, bnilt for the track
of the Troy & Cohoes street railway.
At that time the Erie Canal extended
along the present line of Main Street,
and thence northward along the pres-
ent leyels of the Cohoes Company's
canals to the north end of Harmony
Mill No. I. The Cohoes Company
was organized in 1836 (See Cohoes
Company.) The place became a post
village in 1832. In 1836, the village
was described as containing ** one fac-
tory for cotton and woolen machinery,
one for edge tools, one for cotton,
linen and woolen hosiery, made on
newly invented looms, a mill driving
turning lathes, an iron foundry, a car-
pet factory, an Episcopal church, 2
hotels, 3 stores, many shops of various
kinds on the canals, and 60 dwellings."
That year the Harmony Cotton Man-
ufacturing Company was incorporated.
(See Harmony Mills.) In 1837,
the work of changing the course of
the Erie Canal through the village
was begun. In 1843, it was com-
pleted. The part extending along the
present line of Main Street was filled
in, and became the thoroughfare
known as Canal Street, afterward
called Main Street. The Cohoes Ad-
vertiser , a weekly, was the first news-
paper printed in the village. It was
published by Ayers & Co., and had its
first issue on February 9, 1847. Some
years after the construction of the
Schenectady and Troy Railroad
through Cohoes, a car was attached
to westward trains, and on their ar-
rival at the village it was left at that
station. Passengers were conveyed to
Troy in it, without the use of an en-
gine, by permitting it to descend the
grade to the Rensselaer and Saratoga

Railroad bridge at Green Island,
whence the car was drawn by horses
to the terminus of the road in Troy.
The village of Cohoes was incorpor-
ated, June 5, 1848. The Albany
Northern Railroad was formally
opened to it. April 11, 1853. The ,
Cohoes Gas Light Company, incor-
porated September 13, 1852, began,
m July, 1853, supplying consumers
with gas. On October 10, 1863, cars
began running on the Troy and
Cohoes Horse Railroad to the village.
Cohoes became a city by the act of
incorporation of May, 19, 1869. The
first charter election was held, April
12, 1870, when Charles H. Adams
was elected mayor. The first daily
paper published in the city. The Daily
News, was issued, September 22,
1873-

The Bank of Cohoes, established
March 10, 1859. began business June
2, that year. The National Bank of
Cohoes succeeded to its business. May
25, 1865. Its capital of $100,000 was
increased in August, 1872, to $250,.
000. On the death of Egbert Eg-
berts, its first president, Charles H.
Adams was elected to the office, May
22, 1869, to which he has since been
elected annually. The Manufacturers*
Bank of Cohoes, organized March 21,
1872, with a capital of $100,000,
began business July 10, that year.
On July I, 1874, its capital was in-
creased to $150,000. William E.
Thorn, its first president, was suc-
ceeded on January 19, 1882, by John
V. S. Lansing, who since then has
filled that position.

There are nine churches in the city :
one Baptist, one Episcopal, two Meth-
odist, one Presbyterian, one Reformed,
and three Roman Catholic. The
newspapers published in the city are
the Cohoes Daily News, by W. K.
Mansfield ; the Evening Dispatch, by
J. k M. Wallace, and the Cohoes Reg-
ulator, by Alexis Wager. The fire de-

partment*s apparatus includes three
^eam fire engines, three hose car-
riages» and one hook and ladder truck.

The appointments to the office of
postmaster have been Frederick Y.
Waterman, February 23, 1832 ; Hez-
ekiah Howe, July 13, 1833 ; Peter F.
Daw, July 28, 1854; Georee H.
Wager, June 7, 1855; Izrakiah W.
Chesebro, August 7, 1861 ; James H.
Masten. Jupe 16, I865 ; October 20,
1867; January 27, 1873; February 8,
1877 ; February 18, 1881 ; and Feb-
ruary 17, 1885.

The picturesque features of the
great falls of the Mohawk River, at
Cohoes, have frequently been de-
scribed in prose and poetry. The cat-
aract has a width of about 1,100 feet,
and a height of 80 feet. The Sche-
nectady and Troy, and the Rensselaer
and Saratoga railroads have stations
in the city. Three lines of street cars
running from Troy, severally by the
way of Green Island, Lansingburgh
and Waterford, have a common termi-
nus in Cohoes, near the intersection
of Mohawk and Remsen streets.
Simmons and Van Schaick islands are
within the city limits, and are con-
nected by iron bridges.

The city of Cohoes is a noted seat,
of manufacture. About fifty mills,
factories, and foundries utilize the
water-power furnished by the Cohoes
Company. About 8,000 persons are
employed in the different establish-
ments. Besides the six Harmony
mills, and the twenty-seven knitting
mills, the Cohoes Rolling Mills of
Morrison, Colwell, & Page, the works
of the Cohoes Iron Foundry and Ma-
chine Company, the wrought iron-pipe
manufactory of Curtis & Co.. the axe
factories of A. G. Peck & Co., and of
the Weed and Becker Manufacturing
Company, the knitting machine man-
ufactory of Campbell & Clute. and the
decorative wood establishment of J. &

G. Fischer contribute considerable im-
portance to the city.

Population: 1830, 150; 1835. 750;
1840, 1,850 ; 1845, 2,029 ; 1S5O' 4.229 ;
1855, 6,106; i860, 8,800; 1865, 8,795 ;
1870. 15.373; 1875. 17,482; 1880,
19.417.

The Cohoes Company, incorpo-
rated, March 28, 1826, capital $250.-
000, increased April 26, 1833, to
$500,000, was privileged to erect and
maintain a dam across the Mohawk
River, above the falls, and to con-
struct canals supplying water from the
dam to manufactories on the lands of
the corporation. The property, in
part, consisted of several tracts of land
Dordering each side of the river from
points above the falls to others east of
the bridge across the Mohawk. In
1 83 1, the company built a wooden
dam a half mile above the falls, and
obtained permission to use the Erie
Canal to conduct water to factories
until the construction of a channel
had been completed by the corpora-
tion. In 1833, the company began
constructing a canal from the dam and
extending southward • along the east
side of the Erie Canal to a point near
and south of the falls. There by two
wooden trunks, beneath the Erie
Canal, it was connected with a second
channel running southward along the
west side of the Erie Canal to a point
near the north end of the old Har-
mony Mill. There by wooden trunks
under the Erie Canal, the second
channel was connected with Basin A,
on the east side of the canal. The
company's first canal, about two miles
long with a fall of 18 feet, was com-
pleted in 1834. The office of the
company, a small brick building, oc-
cupied the site of the north mill of
the Root Manufacturing Company, on
the east side of Mohawk Street, near
its intersection with Remsen Street.
In 1836, the water-power of the com-
pany was described as having a head

and fall of 120 feet» " permitting the
use of the water under six successive
falls of from 18 to 23 feet above the
level of the state dam, below which it
may be used under a head of 11 feet,
and may be carried on these levels to
almost any point on the company's es-
tate." On the completion of the en-
larged Erie Canal, in 1843, the greater
part of the old section, from thenorth
end of Main Street to the north end
of the Old Harmony Mill, was con-
veyed by the state to the company,
which enabled it to conduct water
from its dam southward to the north
end of Canal Street, as Main Street
was then called. In the fall of 1865,
the company completed the construc-
tion of its present stone dam, 1,443
feet long, built immediately in front
of the site of the reconstructed one of
1832. The total length of the com-
pany's canals is about three miles.
The available water power furnished
by diem is about equal to 10,000 horse-
power; two-thirds of which is now
utilized. The company supplies water-
power, and also leases an adequate
quantity of land on which to erect
buildings at an annual rental of about
twenty dollars a horse-power. The
company's offices are in the two story
brick building, on the east side of
Mohawk Street, north of Remsen
Street. The officers of the company
are Charles C. Birdseye, president;
William £. Thorn, treasurer; and
David H. Van Auken, secretary.

The Harmony Mills, incorpo-
rated, June 17, 1852, to manufacture
cotton-goods, succeeded the Harmony
Cotton Manufacturing Company, in-
corporated. May 24, 1836, which was
thus designated in honor of Peter
Harmony, a wealthy Spaniard, one of
its incorporators. The Harmony Cot-
ton Manufacturing Company's capital
stock of $100,000 was increased, June
17, 1863, to $750,000. In 1837, the
company b^^ the erection of a fonr-

story, brick, cotton-mill, 50 by 165
feet, still standing at the south end of
*' Mill No. I," on the west side of
Mohawk Street. The company's
property was purchased, in 1 851, by
Thomas Gamer of ^ew York and
Alfred Wild of Valatie, who made
Robert Johnston superintendent of
the mill, which was improved and its
spindles increased to 8,000. In 1852,
the proprietors assumed the name of
The Harmony Mills. The present
mills are six in number, most of them
large structures, furnished with im-
proved machinery and all the conve-
niences for the production of cotton-
cloth. There are 275,000 spindles
and 6,200 looms in them. About
1,800 girls and women, and 1,400
boys and men are employed in the
different mills ; the yearly product of
which is more than eighty million
yards, or about forty-five thousand
miles of goods, in the manufacture of
which alK>ut thirty thousand bales of
cotton are consumed. The company
owns about seven to eight hundred
tenements, mostly constructed of
brick, at a close remove from the
mills.

In excavating, in 1866, for the foun-
dations of " Mill No. 3," a five story,
brick structure, 1,185 ^^et long and 73
wide, the bones of a mastodon were
found deeply imbedded in an accumu-
lation of peat. The skeleton is in
the Museum of Natural History,
Albany.

The officers of the Harmony Mills
are John I. Lawrence, president ;
William E. Thorn, agent and treas-
urer ; Robert Johnston, general man-
ager ; David J . Johnston, superintend-
ent ; and William S. Smith, pay-
master.

The Knitting Mills of Cohoes,
twenty seven in number, annually
manufacture womea and men's woolen
shirts and drawers valued at about
$10,000,000. About 240 sets of cards

and 600 knitting cylinders are in use
in the mills, in which 4,000 operatives,
mostly girls and women, are em-
ployed, who earn annually about
$1,200,000.

Egbert Egbests, Joshua and Tim-
othy Bailey, having formed a partner-
ship, in 1832, were the first persons to
engage in the knitting business in Co-
hoes. That year, they leased the
lower story of the Miller Cotton-Mill,
on Erie Street, now occupied by New-
man & Adams. Timothy Bailey im-
proved a machine to knit a width of
cloth, sufficient for two shirts, making
thirty chains of loops across the fab-
ric in a minute. To retain the exclu-
sive use of the machine, known as
the jack and sinker frame, it is said
that the firm locked the doors of its
knitting room and permitted no one
to enter it unless he first gave an assur-
ance of secrecy respecting the opera-
tion of the novel invention. The up-
right, rotary, knitting machines were
introduced in the mills about the year
1857.

The Tivoli Mills of the Root
Manufacturing Company, on the east
side of Mohawk Street, north of
Courtland Street, are two, large, four
story, brick buildings, with basements;
one, 67 by 150 feet, the other, 55 by
125 feet. Josiah G. Root, who with
L. S. Parsons formed the partnership
of J. G. Root & Co., in 1855, pur-
chased the knitting mill of Thomas
Fowler, and called it the Tiv-
oli Hosiery Mill. Josiah G. Root, in
1859, on the dissolution of the part-
nership, built the mill, burned April
2, 1874, standing on the site of the
present establishment. The firm of
J. Q. Root & Sons, by the admission
of Andrew J. and S. G. Root, was
formed in 1859, which, on the retire-
ment of Josiah G. Root, in 1869, was
succeeded by that of J. G. Root's
Sons. The officers of the Root Man-
ufacturing Company, incorporated,

January i, 1875, are Andrew J. Root,
president and treasurer, and Robert
McHafie, secretary. About 500 op-
eratives are employed in the mills,
in which are 18 sets of cards and 72
knitting cylinders.

. The Parsons Manufacturing
Company's knitting mills are on the
west side of Remsen Street, immedi-
ately north of Factory Street. One,
the Watervliei Mill, built, in 1850, by
Egberts & Bailey, is a fonr-story, brick
structure, 50 by 150 feet ; the other,
erected shortly afterward, is also a
four story, brick building, and is on
the north side of the former. In
1855, L. S. Parsons and Josiah G.
Root formed the firm of J. G. Root &
Co., which, in 1859, was dissolved.
L. S. Parsons and J. H. Parsons
continued the business in the Fowler
Mill, on EHe Street, early known as
the Miller Cotton-Mill. On the death
of L. S.. Parsons, April 27, 1864, the
firm of J. H. Parsons & Co. succeeded
to the business ; Mrs. L. S. Parsons
representing an interest. In 1867,
the firm occupied the Watervliet Mill.
In 1884, the Parsons Manufacturing
Company was organized, of which, at
present, J. H. Parsons is president,
Charles H. Disbrow, secretary, and
T. W. Pease, superintendent. About
400 operatives are employed in the
mills, in which are 15 sets of cards
and 46 knitting cylinders.

The American Hosiery Mill of
Jonathan Hiller, on the east side of
Mohawk Street, at its intersection
with Remsen Street, was erected by
Smith, Gregory, & Co., in 1857. It
is a four-story brick structure, 46 by
100 feet. The first firm was succeeded
in 1870 by that of Gregorys & Hiller;
Alexander, and William M. Gregory,
and Jonathan Hiller. On the death of
Alexander Gregory, in 1875, the firm
of Gregory & Hiller succeeded to the
business. On January i, 1884, Jon-
athan Hiller became proprietor of the

mill, which now contains 6 sets of
cards and 21 knitting cylinders, and
gives employment to about 85 opera*
atives, making men and women's
white and mixed colored goods.

The Ontario Mill, of which Rob-
ert Weir is manager, on the north-
east corner of Remsen and Ontario
streets, erected by Samuel N. Bald-
win, in 1846, was purchased, in 1862,
by Chadwick & Warhurst, (Joseph
Chadwick and George Warhurst), who
began manufacturing knit goods in it
that year. On the withdrawal of
George Warhurst, in 1867, William
N. Chadwick purchased his interest,
and the firm of Chadwick & Co. was
formed. Afterward , P. Remsen Chad-
wick was admitted a partner. The
Ontario Knitting Company was or-
ganized in July, 1885. The mill con-
tains 6 sets of cards and 17 knitting
cylinders. About 100 operatives are
employed in it.

The Troy Manufacturing Com-
pany, of which David Cowee is presi-
dent, John V. S. Lansing, treasurer,
and James L. Thompson, secretary,
was organized February 9, 1863. The
company purchased that year the
knitting mill, on the south side of
Ontario Street, between Remsen and
Olmsted streets, built by Egberts &
Bailey, in 1836, owned by the Bailey
Manufacturing Company, formed in
1852. The main building, a four-
story, brick structure, fronting on
Ontario Street, is 50 by 122 feet. It
is connected with three other build-
ings, one 41 by 90, another 35 by 60,
and another 23 by 55 feet. In the
different buildings are 11 sets of casdr
and 30 knitting cylinders. Number
of operatives. 260.

The Star- Knitting Company,
organized in 1866, in August, that
year, purchased for 127,000 the Hurst
mill-property, on the west side of
Mohawk Street, between Remsen and

Erie streets. On August 17, 1863,
the former mill occupying the site
was destroyed by fire. Three women
were burned, and twenty other oper-
atives seriously injured in attempting
to escape from the building. The
company's first officers, citizens of
Troy, were : Thomas Coleman, presi-
dent ; Richardson H. Thurman, sec-
retary and treasurer ; Lyman Bennett,
Otis G. Clark, Harvey Smith, Thomas
Coleman, and Richardson H. Thur-
man, trustees. In 1870, the American
Institute, New York, awarded the
company a medal for the display of
the best merino shirts and drawers on
exhibition there that year. A medal
and a diploma were given the com-
pany for uniform texture and finish of
of the fine wool and merino under-
wear exhibited at the Centennial Ex-
hibition at Philadelphia in 1876. The
main knitting mill is a four-story,
brick structure, 104 by 65 feet, with a
wing at each end of the building ; one,
four stories high, 54 by 40 feet, the
other, one story high, 15 by 34 feet.
The company employs about 150
operatives, and manufactures women
and men's fine white merino shirts
and drawers, the quality and finish of
which have given wide fame in the
United States to the goods. The
present officers of the company are :
Thomas Coleman, president ; Rich-
ardson H. Thurman, secretary and
treasurer, and Otis G. Clark, agent.
The office of the company is room 5,
on the second floor of the Keenan
Building, on the northwest comer of
Broadway and Third Street, Troy.

The Ranken Knitting Company,
of which William J. Ranken is presi-
dent, Henry S. Ranken, secretary
and treasurer, and Robert B. Ranken,
superintendent, was incorporated Jan-
uary 16, 1867, and that year occupied
the Halcyon Mills on. Erie Street,
north of Factory Street, a four-story,
brick building, 100 by 200 feet,

erected in 1857 by William Burton,
but in recent years enlarged to its
present dimensions. The company
employs about 400 operatives and
uses 21 sets of cards and 56 knitting
cylinders. The company's New York
salerooms are a^ Nos. 107 and 109
Franklin Street.

HoRROCKS & Van Benthuysen's
Atlantic Mill, on the west side of Rem-
sen Street, between Factory and Mo-
hawk streets, is a four-story, brick
building, 53 by 116 feet, and contains
8 sets of cards and 30 knitting cylin-
ders. . About 175 operatives are em-
ployed by the firm. In 1867, George
Warhurst purchased the Atlantic Mill,
on the east side of Mohawk Street,
south of Courtland Street, erected' by
Alden & Frink, in 1856. Continuing
in the knitting business in it until
1872, George Warhurst formed with
John Horrocks the firm of George
Warhurst & Co , which, in 1876, was
succeeded by that of Thompson &
Horrocks. John Horrocks and M.
W. Van Benthuysen formed the pres-
ent partnership in 1878. The firm
manufactures women's white woolen
goods. Its new mill was erected in
1886.

The Enterprise Mill of John
Scott & Son, a four-story, brick build-
ing, 70 by 90 feet, on the north side
of Courtland Street, between Mohawk
and Canvass streets, was erected by
the senior member of the firm in 1873,
immediately after the burning of the
Stark Knitting Mill, February I, 1873,
in which he and Joseph Stewart, as
Scott & Stewart, engaged in the knit-
ting business in 1869. The firm man-
ufactures men and women's white
woolen goods, employing about 200
operatives and using 11 sets of cards
and 31 knitting cyUnders. The firm
of John Scott & Son (John Scott, jr.,)
was formed in January, 1883.

The Kensington Mill of Root
& Waterman, erected in 1881-82, is a

four-story, brick building, 55 by roo*
on the north side of Oneida Street,
between Van Rensselaer and Saratoga
streets. It contains 7 set^ of cards
and 26 knitting cylinders. About 150
operatives are employed in it. The
firm manufactures men and women's
white and colored knit-goods. Sam-
uel G. Root and George Waterman
formed the partnership, May i, 1882.

The Standard Woolen Mill,
in which Newman & Adams manufac-
ture men and women's fine wool, scar-
let goods, pure cochinea) dyed, was
erected, in 1855, ^Y Egbert Egberts.
It is a three-story, brick building, 55
by 100 feet, on the west side of Rem-
sen Street, between Factory and Mo-
hawk streets, and contains 6 sets of
cards and 16 knitting cylinders, and
furnishes employment to about 150
operatives. On Erie Street is the
firm's storehouse, 45 by 85 feet,
originally known as the Miller Cotton-
Mill. John L. Newman and William
P. Adams formed the firm, May i,
1881.

Neil & McDowell, successors to
Wilcox & McDowell, occupy the four-
story, brick knitting mill, 50 by 100
feet, on the north side of Ontario
Street, west of Remsen Street, built
by Charles H. Adams, in 1863. The
firm manufactures men and women's
fine, white, knit underwear, and em-
ploys about 150 operatives, and has in
use 6 sets of cards and 28 knitting
cylinders. John Wakeman succeeded
Charles H. Adams in the business,
Januaiy, 1870, and Wilcox & McDow-
ell the former, in 1882. George Neil
and George H. McDowell, their suc-
cessors, formed the present firm, Jan-
uary I, 1884.

The Cohoes Rolling Mills,
Morrison, Colwell, & Page, on the
north side of Courtland Street, be-
tween Mohawk and Canvass streets,
cover a plat of ground, which, since
1854, has been occupied by buildings

in which merchant iron and steel have
been manufactured. That year, Jonas
Simmons erected there a rolling mill,
which had no local importance until
1862, when Edward N. Page, from
South Staffordshire, England, became
associated with him. in the firm of
Simmons & Page. In March, 1864,
James Morrison and Thomas Colwell,
both of Troy, purchased Jonas Sim-
mons' interest, and with Edward N.
Page, formed the partnership of Mor-
rison, Colwell, & Page. Shortly after-
ward the firm erected other buildings,
and by the use of improved machin-
ery, acquired no little distinction
throughout the United States in mak-
ing e^e-tool iron superior to the best
Norway iron. On January 5, 1883,
all the buildings were destroyed by
fire. The firm at once began the
erection of new buildings, which were
completed at the beginning of April,
that year. These iron buildings were
constructed of the material of a part
of the Main Centennial Building at
Philadelphia, in 1876. The finishing
building, 180 by 180 feet, the pud-
dling building, 85 by 280 feet, with a
wing 85 by 85 feet, and several other
structures comprise the establishment.
The firm's offices are in the two-story,
brick building, on the southeast cor-
ner of Courtland and Canvass streets.
The Troy office is on the second floor
of the Burdett Building, No. 253
River Street. The productions of the
Cohoes Rolling Mills embrace all
kinds of merchant iron, but chiefly
iron for edge-tools, and for steam, gas
and water pipe, and boiler tubes.
About 400 men ate employed by the
firm.

Campbell & Clute, at No. 47 Mo-
hawk Stieet, opposite the Harmony
Hotel, manufacture double, rotary,
knitting machines, four-cylinder sleeve
machines, flat rib knitting machines,
Campbell patent winders, seaming
machines, knitting burrs. Brothers'

self-operator for jacks, shafting and
mill machinery, George Campbell,
the senior member of the firm, pre-
viously of the firm of Gage, Campbell,
& Gage, machinists, Waterford, became
associated as a partner with John
Clute, January i, 1863. They leased
the two-story, wooden building, then
standing on the site of their present
establishment; the former having been
occupied by Jeremiah Clute, bedstead
manufacturer. In 1873, the firm erect-
ed the four-story, brick building, 80
by 100 feet, in which is the office
and different workrooms of the estab-
lishmenf. A large force of experi-
enced workmen are employed in it in
manufacturing the popular, double,
circular knitting machines used so
generally in knitting mills in the
United States.

A. G. Peck & Co.'s axe factory, on
the northwest comer of Courtland
and Saratoga streets, is a large build-
ing:, i^ which 125 workmen are em-
ployed in making Peck's Champion
Blade axes and edge tools, for which
the firm has an extensive sale in the
United States, South America, Aus-
tralia, Russia, Germany, and other
countries. Their superior quality and
the perfection of their temper make
the axes, adzes, hatchets, picks, mat-
tocks, and hoes of the firm merit the
higli reputation which they sustain
wherever they are used. Daniel Sim-
mons originated the manufacture of
axes in Cohoes in 1834. In i860, the
firm of W. J, Ten Eyck & Co. en-
gaged in the business in the factory of
Jonas Simmons, on Courtland Street,
near the rolling mill. In 1866, the
Ten Eyck Manufacturing Company
succeeded it, followed, in 1873, ^y
Williams, Ryan, & Jones. On July
I 1874, Martin H. Jones and Alfred
G. Peck formed the firm of M. H.
Jones & Co., which in May, 1879,
was succeeded by that of A. G. Peck
&Co.

CoHOEs Iron Foundry and Ma-
chine Company, and the Empire
Portable Forge Company, Warren T.
Kellogg, manager, roanufactnre at
their works on Van Rensselaer Street,
north of Courtland Street, Empire
portable forges, hand blowers, tuyere
irons, mill and warehouse elevators,
cylinder, hot air, and improved pipe
slashers, tape dressing machines,
Leigh's anti-friction loose boss top rol-
lers, Snow's standard water wheel gov-
ernors, the American watchman's
electric clocks, cloth folders, Ballard's
patent yard beam trucks, caloric en-
gines, cotton and jute dressing ma-
chines, castings, and general ma-
chinery used in cotton, woolen, and
paper mills. Most of the buildings
of the large establishment were
erected by W. T. Horribin, in 1869,
and purchased by the Cohoes Iron
Foundry and Machine Company,
formed, December 3, 1877. About
150 workmen are employed in the es-
tablishment, which has the distinction
of manufacturing the largest number
of portable forges made in the United
States.

Curtis & Co., north side of Court-
land Street, between Mohawk and
Canvass streets, are largely engaged
in manufacturing wrought-iron pipe.
This establishment comprises a num-
ber of buildings, the most spacious of
which is 175 by 200 feet. Besides
making gas, steam, and water pipe of
all sizes, the firm deals in gas, steam
and water-pipe fittings and valves.
About 150 men are emplyed in the
works, which have a capacity of pro-
ducing daily forty tons of pipe. The
firm is the only one in the United
States, east and north of Philadelphia,
engaged in this branch of manufac-
ture. The business was projected, in
Cohoes, by the Empire Tube Com-
pany, in 1872, which erected the build-
ing now occupied by A. G. Peek &
Co. Albert Smith and James M.

Moreland began the manufacture of
pipe in it, and were succeeded. May
I, 1874, by the firm of Albert Smith
& Co.. (A. G. Curtis). The present
establishment was built in 1876. In
t88o, James Morrison bought Albert
Smith's interest, and with A. G. Curtis
formed the firm of A. G. Curtis & Co.
On the death of A. G. Curtis, Janu-
ary 25, 1883, his widow, Mary M.
Curtis, retained his interest. Henry
Aird then became a partner ; the firm
name being changed to that of
Curtis & Co.

J. & G. Fischer, decorative wood
workers, manufacturing in the large
brick building at the foot of Remsen
Street, near its intersection with Mo-
hawk Street, have exceptional facili-
ties for designing and making in dif-
ferent wockis mantels, wainscoting,
ceilings, chimney pieces, book shelves,
sideboards, dining tables, cabinets,
stairways, ecclesiastical and library
furniture, drug, hat and fur-store fix-
tures, bank, office, hotel, and saloon
appointments. Hard wood interiors,
art furniture, parquet floors, and elab-
orated mouldings are executed by the
firm in all the classic and modem
styles. Only the choicest mahogany,
cherry, walnut, ash, white, oak, and
other woods are used by the firm; all of
which are carefully selected and dried.
The firm was formed February i,
1 88 1, since which time it has occu-
pied the building at the foot of Rem-
sen Street.

Cohoes Rowing Club, has its
boat-house on the Hudson River, near
the Lansingburgh and Cohoes Bridge.
The club- rooms are in the North
Building, on the east side of Mohawk
Street, opposite the Harmony Hotel.

Coldest Day, The, in Troy,
was experienced on Sunday, January
4, 1835. At sunrise, that day, an ac-
curate theimometer, hanging at the

southeast comer of Albany (Broad-
way) and River streets, indicated 32
degrees below zero. Another ther-
mometer, hanging on Second Street,
indicated 31 degrees below zero,
and other thermometers in different
I>arts of the city varied from 27
degrees to 31 degrees below zero,
according to situation. As indi-
cated by one thermometer, the
changes of temperature in the city
during the space of forty-eight hours
were as follows ; On Saturaay, Jan-
uary 3. at sunrise, 4 degrees below
zero; on Sunday following, at sun-
rise, 28 degrees below ; at 9 A. M., 23
degrees below; at 12 noon, 10 de-
grees below ; at sunset, 6 degrees be-
low ; at 8 p. M., 12 degrees below;
and on Monday, at sunrise, 10 degrees
below.

Cold Summer of 1816.— The

remarkable season was long remember-
ed by the people then living in Troy.
Many had had their fears excited by
the prediction of the enthusiastic
spiritualist, Benjamin Gorton, for a
long time a prominent merchant in
the village, but then a resident of the
town of Brunswick. From his inter-
pretation of the figurative language of
Daniel and other prophets, he was
convinced that on the eighth day of
June, 1 8 16, the earth would be de-
stroyed by fire. He and his followers
were therefore greatly derided when
the day for the fulfillment of his pre-
diction came the weather was ex-
tremely cold, ice covered the brooks,
and snow fell. Vegetation of all kinds
was killed by the frosts and little fruit
was gathered in the fall. As described
hy a Connecticut newspaper: "It
was known as ' the year without a
summer.' The farmers used to refer to
it as * eighteen hundred and staive to
death.' January was mild, as was
also Febiuary, with the exception of a
few days. The greater part of March
was cold and boisterous. April

opened warm, but grew colder as it
advanced, ending with snow and ice,
and winter cold. In May, ice formed
half an inch thick, buds and flowers
were frozen, and corn killed. Frost,
ice and snow were common in June.
Almost every green thing was killed,
and the fruit was nearly all destroyed.
Snow fell to the depth of nearly three
inches in New York and Massachu-
setts, and ten inches In Maine. July
was accompanied by frost and ice.
On the 5th ice was formed of the
thickness of window glass in New
York, New England, and Pennsyl-
vania, and com was nearly all de-
stroyed in certain sections. In August
ice formed half an inch thick. A
cold northern wind prevailed nearly
all summer.

**Com was so frozen that a great
deal was cut down and dried for fod-
der. Very little ripened in New Eng-
land, even here in Connecticut, and
even in the Middle States. Farmers
were obliged to pay $4 or $5 a
bushel for com of 1815, for seed for
the next year's planting. The first
two weeks of September were mild,
the rest of the month was cold, with
frost, and ice formed a quarter of an
inch thick. October was more than
usually cold, with frost and ice. No-
vember was cold ^nd blustering, with
snow enough for good sleighing. De-
cember was quite mild and comforta-
ble."

Collar and Cuff Mannfacto-
ries. — Fifty-seven years ago, Troy's
leading industry had its beginning in
a small undertaking of a dry-goods
merchant. So insignificant was it in
its incipiency that no public mention
was made of its local benefits for a dec-
ade of years after its origination.
Even then that progressive and ob-
servant man. Professor Amos Eaton,
of the Rensselaer Institute, endeav-
ored to induce Jefferson Gardner to

engage in a more remunerative busi-
ness, although the latter, governed by
his own conception of its profitable-
ness, disregarded his friend's advice,
and afterward acquired^a competency
from the disparaged, vocation. The
enterprise of its projector only afforded
occasional employment to a few women
who singly made not more than a
dozen collars during the ordinary
working hours of a day. They sev-
erally received three shillings worth
of dry goods for making and launder-
ing that number of collars. Now not
less than seven thousand girls and
women, aided by adapted machinery,
earn annually more than a million
and a quarter dollars by doing
the work required of them in the
manufacture of about four million
dozens of collars and cuffs.

In T829, Ebenezer Brown, having
retired from the Methodist ministry in
consequence of certain physical disa-
bilities, opened a small dry-goods
store at No. 285 River Street, not far
soutbjof the site of Fulton Market.
*' Although a boy at the time," in the
words of an old citizen to the author,
'* I well remember how angry my
father was with my sisters for bringing
home from Ebenezer Brown's store a
basket of collars, on the top of which
lay a card on which was the agree-
ment : * In pay you buy my goods at
my prices.' * Ebenezer Brown,' said
my father, * can conduct his business
to suit himself and have those who
make collars for him take his goods
in pay at his prices, but I think you
have been extremely foolish to enter
into any such bargain.' My sisters,
however, made the collars, and, as it
was then the custom, washed, starched,
and ironed them, and received their
pay in goods."

The collars made at that time were
commonly called *' string-collars,"
because they were tied around the
neck of the wearer with tape-strings.

Made of two thicknesses of linen, and
slightly stiffened with starch, these
standing collars were supported by
hair-cloth stocks buckled at the back
of the neck of the wearer. The
string-collars were sold at two dol-
lars a dozen, or singly at twenty-five
cents. The *' Byron" and *' Bishop"
collars succeeded them in popular
favor.

The first persons in Troy to under-
take the manufacture of linen collars
and shirt bosoms as a special business
were Orlando Montajjue and Austin
Granger, composing the firm of Mon-
tague & Granger. Beginning busi-
ness in 1834, they occupied n part of
the building, No. 222 River Street,
then standing on the site of the Hall
Building. The following year intro-
duced Independence Starks to the
people of Troy as a stock and collar-
maker. Some years later he added a
laundry to his factoiy at No. 66 North
Second Street, and laundered there
not only his own goods but those of
other manufacturers.

Linen bosoms, frequently called
dickeys or shams, were then mostly
worn separate from shirts. These
false or detached bosoms were tied
with tape-strings over the frbnts of
shirts, and were frilled, plaited, or
plain, as suited the wearer.

Lyman Bennett was also among the
number of manufacturers of linen col-
lars who engaged in the business in
1834. In 1838. he occupied a part of
the building. No. 308 River Street,
where he conducted his business until
1853, when he, with M. W. Hicks
and O. W, Edson, formed the part-
nership of Bennett, Hicks, & Edson.
linen manufacturers, at No. 344 River
Street. Wood Babcock engaged in
the business in 1838, at No. 300 River
Street, and in the following year be-
came associated with John W. White,
in the firm of Babcock & White, col-
lar manufacturers, at No. 345 River

Street. In 1840, Jefferson Gardner
purchased the interest of Wood Bab-
cock, and became d partner of John
W. White in the firm of Gardner &
White, ready-made linen manufac-
turers, at No. 345 River Street. In
the following year, the partnership
was dissolved, and Jefferson Gardner
continued in the business at No. 25
Jacob Street.

About the year i845» the manufac-
ture of linen cuffs was begun in Troy.
On I he introduction of the Wheeler
& Wilson sewing machines in the
collar, cuff, and shirt manufactories in
Troy, in 1852. the different establish-
ments shortly afterward were necessi-
tated to increase the number of their
operatives in order to fill the larger
orders for the better-made goods. Ex-
pert operatives, who before the use of
sewing machines had received but
fifty cents a day for stitching col-
lars and cuffs, were enabled, after-
ward, to earn daily from two dollars
to two dollars and fifty cents by stitch-
ing with the machines. (See Sewing
Machines.) In 1855, O. W. Edson,
of the firm of Bennett & Edson, was
the first of the manufacturers to under-
take to operate the Wheeler & Wilson
sewing machines by steam-power at
the firm's factory, on the southwest
comer of Fulton and Union streets.
This new departure in the use of
steam-power was soon followed by the
other manufacturers using sewing ma-
chines. Recently the use of button-
hole machines has effected no little
change in the art of making button-
holes.

It is a noteworthy fact that the girls
and women employed by the collar
and cuff manufaciurers in Troy have
become so exceedingly skillful in the
art of making collars that the female
operatives of other places where the
business has been undertaken have
hitherto been unsuccessful in compet-
ing with them, and this failure ac-

counts, in part, for the superiority of
the collars and cuffs made in this city.
Another prominent fact which sheds
no unworthy fame on this local in-
'dustry is that almost all the manufac-
turers themselves have acquired a
thorough knowledge of the business
from long and continued engagements
in it. The workrooms of nearly all
the establishments are properly ven-
tilated, well- lighted, tidy and clean.
A single operative can stitch from 40
to 80 dozens of collars during the or-
dinary working hours of a day, and
can earn from $6 to $14 a week. An
expert employe can turn from 30" to
40 dozens of collars in a day, and
can earn from $6 to $10 a week.

The sales of collars and cuffs made
in Troy annually return to the manu-
facturers about five million dollars.
In placing the goods in the market
not less than three million paper-
boxes are required.

Fellows & Co. — The history of the
firm of Fellows & Co. begins in 1834,
when L>man Bennett undertook the
business of making collars at No. 24
North Third Street. In 1853, he en-
tered into partnership with M. W.
Hicks and O. W. Edson, under the
name of Bennett, Hicks, & Edson,
lintn manufacturers. No. 344 River
Street. The changes of the succeed-
ing films weie ; Bennett & Edson,
southwest corner of Fulton and Union
Streets, in 1855 ; Bennett, Edson, &
Strickland in i860; Bennett, Strick-
land, & Fellows in 1861 ; Bennett &
Fellows in 1866 ; Bennett, Fellows,
& Co. in 1868 ; Fellows & Curtis in
1871 ; and Fellows & Company in
1884, which includes A. C. Fellows,
J. C. Archibald, and G. L. Hastings.
On the dissolution of the firm of
Fellows & Curtis, A C. Fellows pur-
chased the junior partner's entire inter-
est in the establishment, and the sole
right to use the trade-mark under
which the goods have become so

widely celebrated, and which is con-
sidered a sufficient guarantee for the
quality of ^he collars and cuffs on
which it appears. The manufactory
of Fellows & Company is in the large •
building on the southwest . comer of

Canada frequently compel the firm to
have its numerous employes work
overtime to supply the demand for its
goods. Besides the salesrooms at the
manufactory, the others of the firm
are at 6io to 614 Broadway, New

FELLOWS & CO., CORNER FULTON AND UNION STREETS.

Fulton and Union streets ; the spa-
cious workrooms including those
vacated by Earl & Wilson in 1876.
The large orders received from retail
dealers in fine goods throughout the
United States and in the provinces of

York, 233 Church Street, Philadel-
phia, and 242 Madison Street, Chi-
cago. To maintain the notable repu-
tation obtained by its goods, the firm
employs only such persons as are qual-
ified by skill and experience to do the

work intrusted to them, for which the
highest prices are paid. By these
means the oldest collar and cun estab-
lishment in Troy endeavors to pre-
serve its past and present good name.

Corliss Brothers & Co., collar
and cuff manufacturers, southwest cor-
ner of Seventh Street and Broadway.
Nearly half a century ago John M.
Corliss and Arnold H. Holdridge,
under the name of Holdridge & Cor-
liss, began manufacturing collars and
shirt bosoms at No. 8i Sixth Street.
After existing a year, the partnership
was dissolved in 1839 ; John M. Cor-
liss conducting the business until 1840,
when he and John W, White formed
the firm of Corliss & White, linen
manufacturers, at 345 River Street.
On the dissolution of the firm in 1842,
John M. Corliss continued in the
business at the same place until 1844,
when he removed to No. 323 River
Street. In 1846, he became a part-
ner of Hiram House, the firm taking
the name of Corliss & House. In
1 85 1, the firm moved to No. 339
River Street, and in 1853 to No. 361
River Street. In 1854, Samuel N.
Ide was admitted as a co-partner, the
name of the firm being Corliss, House,
& Co. ; the factory being at No. 377
River Street. On the withdrawal of
Samuel N. Ide, in 1857, the business
was continued by the other members
of the firm, at the same place, until
1862, when they occupied the building
No. II King Street. Corliss & House
were succeeded, in 1868, by John M.
Corliss & Son; Wilbur F. Corliss
engaging in the business with his
father at No. 24 Fifth Street. In
18 71, the firm occupied the building.
No. 15 Sixth Street, and in 1878
moved into the Earl & Wilson Build-
ing, on the southwest corner of Broad-
way and Seventh Street. The firm
of Corliss Brothers & Co. was formed
November I, 1883 ; the co-partners
being Wilbur F., Charles H., and

John A. Corliss, and Elmer H. Gar-
rett. The business of Corliss Broth-
ers & Co. is almost entirely limited
to the manufacture of fine goods, par-
ticularly all-linen goods. "The
Clover- Leaf" brand of collars and
cuffs, of which they are the manufac-
turers, has given a wide celebrity to
the goods of the firm, not only popu-
larizing them widely, but increasing
steadily the large businessof the en-
terprising manufacturers. The firm
has a saleroom at No. 76 Franklin
Street, New York City, and one at
Nos. 247 and 249 Monroe Street,
Chicago.

Earl & Wilson. The senior mem-
ber of this widely-knoWn firm, Wil-
liam S. Earl, in 1848, entered the
linen-collar and shirt-bosom manufac-
tory of Jefferson Gardner, at No. 16
King Street, to acquire a knowledge
of the business. In 1850, he began
making similar goods at No. 51 North
Third Street, and, ini85i, as a '* man-
ufacturer and wholesale dealer in
ready-made linen," moved to No.
II King Street. In 1856, he and
Edwin D. Blanchard formed a part-
nership under the name of Earl &
Blanchard, linen manufacturers, and
occupied a part of the Manufacturers'
Bank Building, at the comer of
River and King streets. On the
death of Edwin D. Blanchard, in
1859, th^ business was discontinued.
In 1867, the firm of Earl & Wilson
was formed, having its manufactory at
No, 5 Union Street ; Washington Wil-
son being the second member of the
firm. Gardner Earl, son of William
S. Earl, was admitted a partner in
1873, and Arthur R. Wilson, a brother
of Washington Wilson, in 188 1. On
the completion of its large brick
building on the southwest comer of
Seventh Street and Broadway, in 1876,
the firm occupied the lower part of the
attractive edifice. It is four stories
high, with basement, having a front-

EARL & Wilson building, corner seventh street and broad way.

age of 86 feet on Seventh Street, and
a depth of 105 feet. The goods made
by the firm are sent to its salesrooms
at Nos. 33 and 35 East Seventeenth
Street, Union Square, New York, and
Nos. 174, 176, and 178 East Adams
Street, Chicago, whence they are
shipped to buyers. E. & W. is the
trade-mark of the firm. Earl & Wil-
son have a uniform price for the
goods manufactured by them, and
purchasers can obtain the firm's col-
lars and cuffs only at the established
rates. More than a thousand persons
are employed by the firm to make the
different styles of collars and cuffs
demanded by its numerous customers
throughout the United States.

Geo. B* Cluett, Bro. & Go's
Monarch shirt and Crown collar and
cuff" manufactories, two, five-story,
brick structures, each 1 50 by 100 feet,
are on the west side of River Street,

between Jacob and Ilutton streets.
Each spacious department, from the
stock-room to the laundry, is furnished
with the latest appliances for mak-
ing and finishing the firm's goods
for the market. From 1851 to 1873,
the house made only collars and cuffs ;
the Crown collars and cuffs of recent
years acquiring special fame through-
out the United States. In 1873, the
firm's successful shirt-business was
inaugurated, having had its inception
in the invention of the Patent Bound
Bosom Shirt, popularly known as the
Monarch shirt. The most noted of
the different Cluett collar and cuff
patents are the Reinforced Band Col-
lar, the Entire Seam Collar, the Uni-
form Seam Collar, and the Entire
Seam Cuff. In 1851, Maullin & Blan-
chard, manufacturers of collars, began
the business at No. 282 River Street,
succeeded, in 1856, by Maullin &
Bigelow, and they, in 1861, by Maul-

GEO. B. CLUETT, BRO. & CO S BUILDINGS.

lin. Bigclow, & Co.; George B. Cluett,
a clerk in the manufactory from 1854,
becoming a partner. On the dissolu-
tion of the partnership, in 1862, Jo-
seph Maullin and George B. Cluett
firmed the firm of Maullin & Cluett.
On the death of the senior partner, in
1863. the firm of Geo. B. Cluett,
Bros., & Co. was formed ; the part-
ners being George B. Cluett, J. W. A.
Cluett. and Charles J. Saxe ; J. W. A.
Cluett having held a clerkship with
the former firms from .1852 to 1857.
On Charles J. Saxe's withdrawal in
1866, Robert Cluett became a partner,
having been a clerk in the establish-
ment from 1862. In 1874. R. S. Nor-
ton, for five years the travelling agent
of the firm, became a member of it.
The business was conducted, from
1862 to 1874, at No. 390 River Street ;
from 1875 to 1880, at Nos. 74 and
76 Federal Street, (the building burned
March 20, 1880) ; in 1880-81, at No.
556 Fulton Street and at Nos. 13, 15
and 17 Sixth Street. In i88r, the

firm moved to the new building, Nos.
441, 443 and 445 River Street, and,
in 1884, occupied the other, Nos. 447,
449 and 451 River Street.

S. A. House's Sons, manufactur-
ers of men and women's linen collars
and cuffs, Gurley Building, northeast
comer of Fulton and Fifth streets.
The firm conducts the business estab-
lished in 1853 by Samuel A. House,
the father of John M. and Edward O.
Hou.se, now managing it. Its founder
then began making collars and shirt
fronts, at No. 3 Fourth Street. In
1865, he admitted his sons into co-
partnership with him under the firm-
name of S. A. House & Sons ; the
manufactory then being at No. 3I2
River Street. In 1878, Samuel A.
House withdrew from the business,
the firm-name being changed to S. A.
House's 3pns. The firm manufactures
men and women's collars and cuffs,
which bear the imprint of its trade-
mark, a tiger's head. The "Tiger"
brand collars and cuffs of S. A.

House's Sons are widely known. The
firm has originated a number of styles
of collars, the popularity of which has
greatly enlarged its business.

S. A. House's Sons are associated
with The National Machine Com-
pany, manufacturing button-hole, but-
ton-sewing, and eyelet machines, at
No. 506 Fulton Street. The recent
invention of the button-hole machine
made by the company has contributed
no little to the perfection and dura-
bility of button-holes in lately manu-

president, and E. O. House, secretary
and treasurer. The offices of the com-
pany are at No. 42 White Street, New
York, 108 and no Franklin Street,
Chicago, and 40 Aldermanbury, E. C,
London.

Coon & Co., at No. 556 Fulton
Street, manufacture men's fine linen
collars and cuffs. J. H. Coon, the
senior member of the firm, formed,
with H. W. Cole, in 1856, the part-
nership of Cole & Coon, beginning

COON & CO., 556 FULTON STREET.

factured shirts, collars, and cuffs.
The machines are adapted to make
different kinds of button-holes, and to
make them in various fabrics. The
ejelet machines are capable of work-
ing eyelets of all sizes in shirts, cor-
sets, and other underclothing. The
machines are not only protected by
patents in the United States, but also
in England, France, Germany, Aus-
tria, and Belgium The officers of
the company are William M, House,

business in a building formerly on
the northwest corner of Grand Di-
vision and Norlh Third streets,
whence they moved to the Manufactur-
ers' Bank Building. On the admis-
sion of J. M. Van Volkenburgh, in
1859, the name of the firm was chang-
ed to that of Cole, Coon, & Co. Re-
moving, in 1 861, from the Manufac-
turers' Bank Building, the firm occu-
pied a part of the building, No. 7
Union Street, afterward burned in

the fire of May lo, 1862. On H. W.
Cole's withdrawal, in 1861, Coon &
Van Volkenburgh succeeded to the
business. On J. M. Van Volken-
burgh's withdrawal, in 1878, J. H.
Coon, W. H. Reynolds, and D. W.
Coon formed the firm of Coon, Rey-
nolds. & Co. W. H. Reynolds hav-
ing died in 1879, J. H. Coon. D. W.
Coon. H. C. Statzell, and F. F. Pea-
body, in 1 88 1, formed the firm of
Coon & Co. In the spring of 188 1,

many fashionable styles of fine goods,
which are sent to the trade in neat,
and peculiarly designed paper-boxes.
The salerooms of the enterprising
firm are at No. 46 Summer Street,
Boston; No. 634 Bioadway, New
York; No. 23 North Third Street,
Philadelphia ; Nos. 47 and 49 Ger-
man Street, Baltimore; comer of
Madison and Franklin Streets. Chi-
cago, and Nos. 516 and 518 Market
Street, San Francisco.

H. C. CURTIS & CO., 421 AND 423 RIVER STREET.

the firm moved to No. 556 Fulton
Street. By the burning of the build-
ing, February 19, 1S85. at night, the
firm sustained a heavy loss. Having
thereafter temporarily occupied the
Pine Building, on Sixth Street, be-
tween Broadway and Congress Street.
the firm, on July 8, re-occupied the
renovated building. No. 556 Fulton
Street. The attractive trade-maik of
the firm is the figure of a coon couch-
ant ^ beneath which is the imprint,
Coon & Co. The firm manufactures

H. C. Curtis & Co., linen collar
and cuff manufacturers, Nos. 421 and
423 River Street. The advantages of
an experience in any industry are so
patent that seldom a business is en-
gaged in successfully without some
one of the persons conducting it
has previously obtained a practi-
cal knowledge of its details. The
success attending almost every branch
of manufacturing in Troy is doubt-
less due to the benefits of this
important qualification. As many

other manufacturers of collars and
cuffs in Troy, H. C. Curtis, the founder
of the firm of H. C. Curtis & Co.,
first acquired a thorough and practical
knowledge of the business by serving
from 1862 to 1868 as an employe in
all the different departments of a man-
ufactory. In 1868, he became a mem-
ber of the firm of Bennett & Fellows.
In 1 87 1, he and A. C. Fellows, both
members of the former firm, entered
into partnership, under the name of
Fellows & Curtis, collar and cuff" man-
ufacturers. During the thirteen years
of his association as a member of the
firm, he had charge of its manufac-
turing departments. In February,
1884, the partnership was dissolved.
On February ii, 1884, H. C. Curtis
and Charles Cleminshaw formed the
firm of H. C. Curtis, having its office
and workrooms in the Cleminshaw
Building, a large, five-story, brick
structure, Nos. 421 and 423 River
Street, west side, between Bridge Av-
enue and Jacob Street. The firm has
for its trade-mark the three characters
** C. & C," under which the special
and fashionable fine goods made by
the firm have had an extensive and a
steadily enlarging sale in tlie piincipal
cities of the Union. The very desira-
ble class of collars and cuffs manufac-
tured by H. C. Cuitis & Co. has won
such high favor with many dealers in
men's furnishing goods in Boston,
New York, Philadelphia, and other
large cities, that the hrm is frequently
compelled to have its employes work
overtime to fill the orders received
from this particular class of custom-
ers. Anotncr line of customers de-
mands special brands of collars and
cuff's, in the manufacturing of which
the firm makes a specialty. The
firm's *' high-class goods " aie attract-
ively boxed and labeled.

George P. Ide & Co., collar, cuff^
and shirt manufacturers, Idc Build-
ing, west side of River Street, imme-

diately north of Hutton Street. The
extensive business of the firm has
been made notable by the enterprise
of its members. The history of the
growth of its business runs through
two decades of years. Its founders
were George P. Ide and S. V. R. Ford,
who, as Ide & Ford, in 1865, began
manufacturing collars at No. 506 Ful-
ton Street. In 1867, Samuel N. Ide
became a partner, the name of the
firm being changed to Ide Brothers &
Ford. S. V. R. Ford withdrew from
the business in 1872, when Charles E.
Bruce was admitted to the partnership,
the firm becoming Ide Brothers &
Bruce. On its dissolution, in 1S78,
George P. Ide, Charles E. Bruce, and
James M. Ide formed the firm of
of George P. Ide, Bruce, & Co. In
1882, Frank B. Twining became
a partner, the name of the firm
being unchanged. The present part-
ners, George P. Ide, James M. Idc,
and Frank B. Twining, associated, in
1884, under the name of George P.
Ide & Co. The firm moved from the
Gurley Building, No. 506 Fulton
Street, May 26, 1 882, to occupy the
part of the Franklin Building on the
northwest comer of River and Hutton
streets. In 1885, the firm purchased
it. calling it the Ide Building. The
attractive structure, five stories in
height, has a frontage of 150 feet on
River Street, and a depth of 126 feet.
Two brick walls partition the rooms
from east to west through the entire
building, which is further secured
against the ravages of fire by a Worth-
ington pump, having the effectiveness
of two fire engines, besides being ram-
ified with a series of Walworth au-
tomatic sprinklers, attached to a large
water-tank on the roof of the build-
ing, and to the mains of the Troy
water-works. The firm is actively
engaged in supplying the trade with
different styles of men's collars, cuffs,
and shirts, and with women's collars

and cuffs, through its salesrooms, at
No. 105 Frankhn Street, New York ;
No. 214 Church Street, Philadelphia ;
and No. 146 Fifth Avenue, Chicago.

Sanford & Robinson, collar and
cuff manufacturers, Broadway, be-
tween Fifth and Union streets. The
business was established by Day, Rob-
inson, & Bradshaw, in 1866, at Nos.
8 and 9 First Street. The firm of
Sanford & Robinson, (Samuel B. San-
ford and George S. Robinson,) suc-
ceeded them in 1867. In 188 1, John
and Robert Squires became members
of the firm.

Holmes & Ide, manufacturers of
women and men's linen collars and
cuffs, Nos. 13 to 23 Federal Street.
They occupy with their ofiice and
workrooms the second, third, and
fourth floors of the large four- story,
brick structure, known as the new
Tibbits Building, on the north side
of Federal Street, between River and
Fifth streets. About 20,000 square
feet of floor-space is the aggregated
area of the different manufacturing
rooms in which cutting, stitching, but-
ton-holing, boxing, and packing of
collars and cuffs are done. In the
stitching rooms about two hundred
sewing machines are in use. The
firm employs several hundred opera-
tives in making the "Imperial"
brand of women and men's linen
collars and cufls, which have obtained
for the manufacturers a wide and
justly merited reputation throughout
the United States. The firm has a
salesroom at No. 27 Green Street,
New York City, and one at No. 120
Sutter Street, San Francisco. On
December i, 1869, Stephen Parks,
John C. Ide and Henry Holmes form-
ed the partnership of Parks, Ide, &
Holmes, and began manufacturing
collars and cuffs in the Manufacturers'
Bank Building, at the corner of King
and River streets. In 1872, their in-

creased business having demanded
more spacious workrooms, they oc-
cupied a large part of the Cole Build-
ing, Nos. 13, 15 and 17 Sucth Street,
west side, between Fulton and Grand
Division streets. On December i,
1877, the senior partner, Stephen
Parks, withdrew from the firm, and
the present one of Holmes & Ide was
formed. In April, 1880, the firm
moved from Sixth Street to the
Tibbits Building, on River Street,
opposite the Rensselaer & Saratoga
Railroad bridge, between Troy and
Green Island. On May i, 1886, the
firm moved into the building adjoin-
ing the former, on Federal Street.

Tim & Co., collar and cuff manu-
facturers, Nos. 62 to 72 Sixth Street.
One of the most noticeable buildings
in Troy, at the south end of the
Union Railroad Depot, is the large,
five-stoiy, brick builditig, belonginfi; to
this firm and that of Tim, Waller-
stein, & Co., shirt manufacturers.
The manufactory has a frontage of
eighty-three feet on Sixth Street, and
a depth of one hundred and twenty-
three feet. In it the firm has a large
number of experienced employes en-
gaged in making collars and cuffs for
the jobbing trade, by which they are
widely sold in the United States. The
two firms, jointly, have a laundry and
paper-box manufactory in the Pine
Building, adjoining and north of their
own building. The firm of Tim &
Co. was formed, in 1872, by Solomon
and Louis Tim, and Max Herman,
who then began manufacturing col-
lars and cuffs in the Grant Building,
on the southeast comer of Fifth and
Federal streets. In 1874, they moved
to No. 303 River Street, west side,
between Fulton and Grand Division
streets. In 1876, J. O'Sullivan was
admitted into the firm. In 1878, the
firm moved into the large, four-story,
brick building, Nos. 57 and 59 Fed-
eral Street, north side, between Fifth

and Sixth streets. In i88i, Tim &
Co. and Tim, Wallerstein, & Co. oc-
cupied their building on the east side
of Sixth Street, between Broadway
and State Street. In 1883, M. Ober
became a member of the firm.

J. C. Wheeler & Co., manufac-
turers of women and men'ji linen col-
lars and cuffs, Nos. 7, 9 and 11 Union
Building, west side of Sixth Street,
between Fulton and Grand Division
streets. The firm's predecessors were
Clapp & Brust, 1874 ; Brust & Allen-
dorph, 1875; Brust, Allendorph, &
LeBoeuf, 1876 ; Wheeler, Allendorph,
& LeBoeuf, 1877 ; and Wheeler, Le-
Boeuf, & Co., 1882. The firm of J.
C. Wheeler & Co. was formed on
December i, 1884. The business was
first conducted in a part of the build-
ing, on the northeast comer of Union
Alley and Fulton Street, whence the
manufacturers removed in 1879 to
Nos. 7, 9 and II Sixth Street. The
"Continental'* brand of collars and
cuffs made by the firm gives distinc-
tion to its goods.

Beiermeister & Spicer, linen col-
lar and cuff manufacturers, Nos. 481
and 483 River Street. The firm
begins its history with the partner-
ship of Frederick Beiermeister, sr.
and Frederick Beiermeister, jr., who
engaged in the business, at No. 361
River Street, in 1875, under the name
of Beiermeister & Son. In 1877, the
firm moved to No. 269 River Sireet.
In 1880, R. M. Smith was admitted
a partner ; the firm taking the name
of Beiermeister, Smith, & Co. In
the following year, John Burden be-
came a member of the firm, which
then took the name of Beiermeister,
Smith, Burden, & Co. On May I,
that year, the firm moved to the lai^e,
four-story, brick building, on the
northwest corner of Hutton and
River streets. In 1882, by the with-
drawal of F. Beiermeister, sr. and R.

M. Smith, the firm became Beiermeis-
ter & Burden. The present partners,
Frederick Beiermebter and Geoige A.
Spicer, formed the firm of Beiermeis-
ter & Spicer, on October i, 1884.
The firm's goods are distinctively
known as the * 'Anchor" brand collars
and cuffs. The firm has a salesroom
in New York, at No. 710 Broadway,
and another in Chicago, at No. 195
Fifth Avenue. The enterprise of the
firm is not limited to the manufacture
of any one particular style of collars
and cuffs. The changes occasioned
by fashion are timely anticipated, and
new patterns are seasonably offered
to the trade. The firm holds several
patents, which greatly enhance the
value of its goods.

Ide Manufacturing Company,
on the northeast comer of North
Fourth and Hutton streets, makes the
well-known Griffin brand of English
welt collars and cuffs. The business
was begun, in 1876, by William
N. Patton, in the building occupied
by the company. In 1878, he and T.
M. Dunham formed the firm of Pat-
ton & Dunham. On its dissolution,
in 1880, William N. Patton continued
the business, until he and D. O. Pat-
ton, in 1882, formed the firm of the
Patton Brothers, who, on March 10,
1884, was succeeded by Fred. B. Ide,
C. W. Dater, and James £. Dicker-
man, under the name of the Ide Man-
ufacturing Company. On the with-
drawal of James £. Dickerman, in
November, 1884, John L. Blanchard
became a member of the company.
The latter withdrew from it on Oc-
tober 2, 1885.

Joseph Bowman & Sons, (Joseph
Bowman, sr., Cassius M. and Joseph
Bowman, jr.), manufacturers of collars
and cuffs, Bunnell Building, Nos, 57
and 59 Federal Street. The senior
member of the firm engaged in the
business, in 1853, with William F.

Motely, under the name of Bowman
& Mosely, at 324 River Street. In
1877, Joseph Bowman a|;ain engaged
in the business, at Nos. 485 and
4S7 River Street. In 1S82, the pres-
ent firm succeeded him.

Marshall & Briggs, Qohn A.
Marshall and David C. Briggs«) man-
ufacturers of the *' M and B " brand of
men's fine linen collars and cuflTs, Nos.
380, 382, and 384 River Street, en-
gaged in the business, in 1876, at No.
377 River Street.

Corning & Barker, manufacturers
of collars and cuffs, southwest corner
of Seventh Street and Broadway.
Douglas Corning engaged in the busi-
ness, in 1876, at Nos. 7, 9, and 11
Sixth Street. In 1881, the firm of
Douglas Coming & Co. (W. Barker)
was formed, which was succeeded
in December, 1885, by the present
firm.

Gallup Novelty Works, at Nos.
481 and 483 River Street, were estab-
lished in 1880, at Nos. 357 Fulton
Street, to manufacture women's linen
collars and cuffs. In the following
year they were moved to the large,
four-story, brick building, on the
northwest comer of River and Hut-
ton streets, where they are now. On
December 1-, 1881, William P, Van
Zile purchased Charles E. Sheffer's
interest in the business. William H.
Gallup, formerly of the firm of Gal-
lup & Tucker, 1864-68, and subse-
quently associated with the Gallup
Manufacturing Company, has been
manager of the works since their es-
tablishment. The goods of the estab-
lishment are popularly known as the
" G. N. W." brand, and are exclu-
sively restricted to those worn by
women and children. The New York
salesroom is at No. 19 Mercer Street ;
the Boston, at No. 48 Summer Street ;
and the San Francisco, at Nos. 6 and
8 Sutter Street

Morrison & Turner (Edwin Mor-
rison and William W. Turner), manu-
facturers of the " M & T " brand of
men's linen collars and cuffs, Nos.
449 & 451 River Street The firm
was formed in November, 1882,
and succeeded Hitchcock & Sims,
1878; George Hitchcock, 1878 ; and
Hitchcock, Morrison, & Co., 1880.

Wilbur, Miller, & Wilbur (G.
W. Wilbur, P. F. MiUer, and H.
Wilbur), manufacturers of collars and
cuffs, Dennin Building, northwest
comer of Fulton and Mechanic streets.
They are successors to Wilbur, Du-
Bois, k Wilbur, 1883; and Wilbur.
Kram, & Wilbur, 1884. The firm
was formed in December, 1885.

Collar and Cofif Button-Hole
Maker.—

C. £. Kilmer, factory 9 and 11
Sixth Street. Established 1878. He
employes many experienced opera-
tives in making button-holes in cloth,
leather, and mbber goods, but mostly
in fine linen collars and cuffs.

College* — (See Troy Business
College!)

Commercial Agency. — (See

Mercantile Agency.)

Commercial Telephone
Company .^See Telephone Com-
pany.)

Court House, The, on the

southeast comer of Second and Con-
gress streets. The ** act for building a
court-house and gaol in the county of
Rensselaer " was passed January 11,
1793. Lansingburgh would probably
have been the county-seat had not the
people of Troy promised to pay the
county treasurer one thousand pounds
toward the erection of the two build-

ings. It was therefore enacted that
they should be built '* within sixty
rods of the dwelling-house [tavern] of
Stephen Ashley, in the village of
Troy, in the town of Troy." As a
gift, Jacob D. Van der Heyden,
March 22, 1793. conveyed to the
supervisors of Rensselaer County
three lots at the southeast comer of
Second and Congress streets, on which
the erection of the court-house began
that year. Besides the one thousand
pounds paid by the people of Troy,
the following sums were raised by
taxation for the erection and comple-
tion of the court-house and jail : au-
thorized by act of January 11, 1793,
;£"6oo; of March 25, 1794, ;^8oo; of
April 3. 1797, I5.500; of April 4,
1798, I500. The court-house was a
two-story, brick building, with a
steeple. The small bell hung in the
belfry was lettered : •* Bailey & Hed-
derly, C. F. New York. Fecit 1794."
The Court of General Sessions of the
Peace sat for the first time in the
building on the second Tuesday in
November, 1794. The jail was built
in the rear of the court-house. (See
Jail.) Until its completion, a room
with a barred door and grated win-
dows in the court-house was used for
the confinement of criminals. A
whipping post and stocks were placed
in the yard. Occasionally criminals
were there publicly whipped by the
sheriff or his deputy ; the offenders
severally receiving a number of lashes
less than forty. Those held in the
stocks were often objects of ridicule,
and were not unfrequently pelted with
offensive missiles by the village chil-
dren.

At a meeting, held November 15,
1826, the supervisors resolved to pe-
tition the legislature to authorize
$25,000 to be raised for the erection
of a new court-house. This action of
the supervisors was dependent upon
assurances given by the city of Troy to

defray two-fifths of the coSt of the
building, exclusive of the sum first
apportioned; the city to use such
rooms in the building as the municipal
authorities required. The act author-
izing the supervisors to raise, by tax,
*'a sum not exceeding fifteen thousand
dollars, for the purpose of rebuilding
the court-house," was passed March
13, 1827. This sum was increased to
$31,000. When the building was
ready for occupation, the supervisors,
in March, 1831, assigned two rooms,
on the first floor, on the north side of
the hall, to the city for the mayor's
court-room and the common council
room, and three rooms in the base-
ment for city offices. The second
court-house cost about $40,000. Sing
Sing marble was used in its construc-
tion. The style of its architecture is
that of the Temple of Theseus.

Crockery and China Ware.

Starkweather & Allen (Richard
D. Starkweather and Frederick P.
Allen), dealers in crockery, china,
glass-ware, and fancy goods, Nos. 235
and 237 River Street ; and also north-
west corner of River and Federal
streets.

Carpenter & Ball, stone and
other ware. No. 102 Ferry Street.
(See Troy Pottery and Sewer Pipe
Company.)

Curry-combs.—

William P. Kellogg's curry-comb
works are on the Fouth side of Con-
gress Street, Ida Hill, east of Cypress
Street. William Wheeler, the first
manufacturer of currycombs in the
United States, engaged in the busi-
ness, in 1843. in Poultney, Vermont.
There Charles H. Kellogg became
associated with him in it the firm
taking the name of William Wheeler
& Co. In 1845, the firm came to

X
§

Troy and established the works at No.
468 River Street. In 1850, Charles
H. Kellogg began manufacturing
curry-combs at the present location of
the works. In May, i86a, William
P. Kellpffg succeeded to the business.
He, in January, 1866, entered into
partnership with Charles R. Walsh;
the firm taxing the name of William
P. Kellogg & Co. In the following
year, Charles R. Walsh withdrew, and
Warren T. Kellogg became associ-
ated with his brother in the business.
Since January I, 1875, William P.
Kellogg has conducted it. During
the late war, the latter made for the
United States government large quan-
tities of percussian caps. There is no
definite information obtainable respect-
ing the origin of the manufacture of
curry-combs. For many centuries men-
tion has been made of them. A metal-
lic curry-comb is composed of three or
more paralleled rows of short teeth,
to which is attached a handle. A blade
of iron, known as a blank bar, is set
between the rows of teeth to prevent
the latter from entering the skin of
the animal. Curry-combs are used to
raise and separate the hairs matted
together by perspiration and dirt, and
to remove mud. The Kellogg curry-
combs have had for many years an
extensive sale in the United States
and Canada, and retain the high
reputation they have long borne wher-
ever used. Mane and tail combs,
whip-racks, boring and mortising ma-
chines are also made at the works.

Sweet & Clark Manufacturing
Company has its curry-comb works
on the north side of Pine Woods Av-
enue, immediately east of the inter-
section of Pine Woods and Pawling
avenues. The senior member of the
company. Miles Sweet, in 1873, estab-
lished a curry-comb manufactory on
the Hollow Road, now Spring Ave-
nue. In January, 1874, he and Wil-
liam W. Harrison formed the firm of

Sweet & Harrison. On its dissolu-
tion, in December, that year. Jay Wil-
lard Clark became associated with him
in the business ; the firm taking the
name of Sweet & Clark. On July 5,
1875, the works were located on the

S resent site. The Sweet & Clark
lanufacturing Company, Miles Sweet
and Jay Willard Clark, was formed in
July, 1882. Besides making all kinds
of curry-combs, the company manu-
factures curry and horse cards, boring
machines, malleable iron Cooley whip-
racks, crown whip-racks, patent door
fasteners, stove litters, garden trowels,
butter and lard knives, and hardware
specialties. Miles Sweet, since 1845,
has been engaged in the manufacture
of curry-combs. His long experience
in the business has enabled the com-
pany to secure an extensive sale for
its goods.

Dark Day.— Tuesday, Septem-
ber 6, 1881, began with the sky having
a dark yellow, brassy appearance.
The murky, misty atmosphere veiled
the earth with a darkness strongly af-
fecting the visibleness of the nearest
objects, and tinging them with a pale,
golden light. The gloom of **old
gold " invested everything until about
noon, when the sun. with a dark red-
ness, began to brighten the earth.
The gas lights, which were burning
all the morning in the stores, banks
and manufacturing establishments,
had a subdued, pale blue brilliancy.
The scholars of some of the public
schools were dismissed, and the oper-
atives in some of the collar factories
discontinued work. The darkness ex-
tended through the state of New York
and in parts of the adjacent New
England states.

Day Home, on the east side of
Seventh Street, between State and
Congress streets. The institution was
projected in November, 1858, as an

industrial school. By the act of April Seventh Street, was purchased for

lo, 1861, it became " The Children's $7,000 by the society. The home is

Home Society " of the city of Troy, a two story, weather-boarded building.

According to the act of incorporation. It was formally dedicated, June 27,

it was established to provide a day- that year. By the act of March 5,

home for i^uch children as were fit 1866, the name of the Children's Home

objects of charity, to instruct them in Society was changed to that of the

the rudiments of learning and in Day-Home. In 1879, ^* Thompson

work, to furnish them a noon-day Gale erected, to the memory ot his

meal, (if thought advisable), and to son, Alfred deForest Gale, the Day

DAY HOME.

gain such an influence over them at
the home and at their homes as
would elevate them morally and so-
cially. Twenty-four women as trus-
tees were appointed by the act to
manage the affairs of the institution.
It is said that the society was the
first corporate body of women in
the state of New York constituted
by the legislature. On May i, 1861,
the Tibbits mansion and lot, on

Home chapel and school building, on
the north side of the lot. The founda-
tion of the attractive structure, 30
by 55 feet, is of blue stone, and the
walls are of Croton pressed brick,
with Maiden stone trimmings. On
the first floor are the school-rooms;
on the second, the chapel and parlor.
The handsomely designed window at
the west end of the chapel bears the
inscription : ** In memoriam. Alfred

deForest Gale. Born 8th Oct. 1845.
Died 30th March, 1877." Architect,
M. F. Cummings. Cost $10,000.
The average daily attendance of chil-
dren is about 100. Principal of the
school, Miss L. R. Redfield ; assistant
teacher, Miss Bessie Holeur ; matron.
Miss M. F. Merchant.

Delaware and Hudson Ca-
nal Company. (See Railroads.)

Drugs and Medicines.—

John L. Thompson, Sons, & Co.,
wholesale dealers in drugs, chemicals,
and medicines, at Nos. 159, 161, and
163 River Street, betweeiv State and
Congress streets, represent one of
the oldest business houses in Troy.
In 1797, Samuel Gale, jr., the
father of E. Thompson and John
B. Gale, opened a drag, medi-
cine, and paint store in a weather
boarded building occupying a part of
the site of the present establishment
of John L. Thompson, Sons & Co. ;
the former being immediately north
of the store of George and Benjamin
Tibbits, on the northwest comer of
Congre.ss and River streets, previously
belonging to Abraham Ten Eyck.
About the year 1805, Samuel Gale ad-
mitted his brother William into part-
nership with him ; the firm taking the
name of S. & W. Gale. Some years
later the partnership was dissolved.
In 181 8, John L. Thompson, then
nineteen years old, coming from
Poughkeepsie, became a clerk in the
store of nis brother-in-law, Samuel
Gale, in which the latter, as post-
master from 1806 to 1829, kept the
Troy post-office. The building was
partly burned at the time of the great
fire of Tuesday afternoon, June 20,
1820. April 24, 182 1, Samuel Gale
and John L. Thompson formed the
partnership of Gale & Thompson,
which was continued until February

2^, 1828, when the senior partner sold
his interest in the business to hii asso-
ciate. In 1832, the old weather-
boarded structure gave place to the
four-story, brick building. No. 161
River Street, erected by John L,
Thompson. In 1835, David Cowee,
son of Farwell Cowee, became a clerk
in the store, and in 1841 was admitted
to the copartnership, which took the
name of John L. Thompson & Co.
In 185a, the increased business of the
firm required the purchase of the ad-
joining building, No. 163 River
Street. In 1856, John I. and Wil-
liam A Thompson became members
of the firm, which took the name of
John L. Thompson, Sons, & Co. The
establishment was further enlai:ged by
the purchase of the building. No. 159
River Street, and later by the erection
of the store-house on Dock Street,
west of River Street. In 1869, James
F. Cowee, son of David Cowee, was
admitted a member of tbe firm. The
senior partner, John L. Thompson,
died March 27. 1880.

Robinson, Church, & Co., whole-
sale druggists, Nos. 189 and 201 River
Street. The senior member of the
firm as a copartner has been engaged
in the business for a longer period
than any druggist in the city. Pome-
roy & Wells, druggists, who origi-
nated the house, are known to have
moved from their first place of business
in May, 1805, into the building, one
door south of D. & I. Merritt's store,
on the west side of River Street, be-
tween State and Albany (Broadway)
streets. At the white store, sign of
the Skull and Mortar, the firm con-
tinued the business until Ira M. Wells
some years later succeeded to the
business. His store, almost opposite
the present establishment, was burned
in the fire of June 20, 1820. Having
formed a partnership with John V.
Fassett, the firm of Wells & Fassett,
in May, 1821, moved to its new

JOHN L. THOMPSON, SONS, & CO'S BUILDINGS.

store, opposite that of Isaac Merritt &
Son, and two doors north of that of
John Van Vechten, jr. On the disso-
lution of the firm, November 22, 1822.
it was succeeded by that of Fassett &
Selden ; John V Fassett and William
J. Selden. Soon after the firm moved
to No. 201 River Street. The firm of
J. V. Fassett & Co., formed in 1839,
Daniel Robinson having become a
partner of J. V. Fassett, was succeeded,
in 1843, by Fassett & Co.; the part-
ners being J. V. Fassett, Daniel Rob-
inson, and John A. Griswold. Fas-
sett & Co. were succeeded in 1846 by
by Robinson & Griswold. On the
withdrawal of John A. Griswold, in
1856, Charles R. Church became asso-
ciated with Daniel Robinson in the
business ; Charles R. Church having,
from 1854, been a member of the firm
of Willson & Church, dru^ists, at
No. 321 River Street. On February
T, 1879, Robinson & Church were suc-
ceeded by Robinson, Church, & Co.;
the partners being Daniel Robinson,
Charles R. Church, John A. Robinson
the son of the senior member of the
firm, and Philip A. Calder.

Diniids, Order of—

Mistletoe Grove, No. ii, organ-
ized December 4, 1845, meets at
Druids* Hall, No. 197 River Street,
on Thursday evenings.

Excelsior Grove, No. 24, meets
at Druids* Hall, on the first and third
Saturdays of each month.

Dry-Ooods.—

Converse, Collins, Merrill, &
Co., jobbers of dry-goods, hosiery,
and notions. No. 329 River Street.
This house, besides being the only
wholesale dry-goods establishment in
the city, represents by the past part-
nerships of the senior member of the
firm one of the early dry-goods houses

of Troy. The originators of the
wholesale dry-goods business in Troy
were Henry and George Vail, who,
about the year 1807, engaged in the
retail business. In 181 5, H. & G.
Vail established their wholesale dryr
goods house, at No. 158 River Street,
opposite the drug store of Samuel
Gale, and in 1830 admitted Ebenezer
Proudfit into the firm. On the with-
drawal of Henry Vail, in 1832, George
Vail, Ebenezer Proudfit, and J, L.
Van Schoonhoven, under the name of
George Vail & Co., succeeded to the
business. On the retirement of George
Vail, in 1835, his son, D. Thomas
Vail, became a member of the firm,
which then took the name of Vail &
Co., occupying the building No. 163
River Street. In 1847, Van Schoon-
hoven & Proudfit succeeded the firm.
They, in 1850, moved to the building.
No. 227 River Street. Their succes-
sors have been Van Schoonhoven,
Proudfit, & Co., 1852; Van Schoon-
hovens, (James L. and James,) Fisk,
(L. C), & Holmes, (Charles A.), 1859;
in i860, Perrin W. Converse, the se-
nior member of the firm of Converse,
Collins, Merrill, & Co., became a part-
ner; Van Schoonhoven, Fisk, & Con-
verse, 1865 ; Converse, Gary & Co.,.
1872, Perrin W. Converse, Sidney
T. Cary, and George G. Converse,
No. 12 Broadway ; Converse, Peck-
ham, (Reuben) & Co., (George G. Con-
verse) 1873; in 1874, the firm also oc-
cupied the new building. No. 37
Third Street ; Converse, Peckham, &
Vilas, (Samuel H.) 1877; Converse,
Peckham, & Co., (William M. Peck-
ham) 1881. On March i, 1884, the
present firm was formed by Perrin W.
Converse, Cornelius V. Collins, Carlton
H. Merrill, and William A. Meeker,
who occupied the three story, brick
building, No. 329 River Street, west
side, between Fulton and Grand Divi-
sion streets. The firm commands a
large jobbing trade in Northern New

York. Vermont, and Western Massa- Street, immediately north of the build-

chusetts. ing qq jj^e northeast comer of River

G. V. S. QUACKENBUSH &Co., dry- and State streets, occupied many years

goods, carpets, and upholstery mate- by Knox & Morgan, dry-goods mer-

rials, southeast corner of Third Street chants. Some years later the. store

G. V. S. QUACKENBUSH & CO'S BUILDING.

and Broadway, The founder of this,
the oldest dry-goods house in the city,
was Gerrit Van Schaick Quacken-
bush, who, in 1824, engaged in the

was enlarged by the erection of build-
ings in the rear of it, Nos. 7 and 9
State Street, where it extended by Jan
angle to the latter street, ^the sider/en-
dry-goods business at No. 202 River trances being opposite the Jpost-oflSce,

CHURCH & PHALEN S THIRD STREET BUILDING,

began in 1841 by Edmund Cole, at
No. 52 Congress Street. George Bris-
tol, a clerk in his store, became his
successor in 1846. In 1854, he moved
the store to Band's Building, on the
northwest comer of Third and Con-
gress streets. In 1858, Edward E.
Belden became his partner ; the firm
taking the name of Geoige Bristol &
Co. On the dissolution of the part-
nership, in 1 86 1, George Bristol mdi-
vidually continued the business until
March I, 1863, when George H.
McFarknd and Andrew M. Church
were admitted into partnership ; the
firm-name being George Bristol & Co.
On March 1, 1866, George H. McFar-
land withdrew. On the death of
George Bristol, in 1868, Andrew M.
Church and Miss Flavia M. Bristol
succeeded to the business, under the
old firm-name. In 1873, they moved
the store to the new brick building,
Nos. 85 and 87 Third Street. On
February i, 1880, Patrick Phalen,
having previously withdrawn from the
firm of D. McCarthy, Sons, & Co., of
Syracuse, N. Y., doing the largest
dr3r-ffoods business in that city, with
whidi he had been associated more
than twenty years, became a partner
of Andrew M. Church. In October,
1883, the firm of Church & Phalen
occupied the large building on Con-

?-ess Street, and connected it with the
bird Street building.

William H. Frear, at Cannon
Place, has the personal distinction of
possessing and conducting a larger
retail dry-goods business than any
other merchant in a city of the United
States of the same population as that
of Troy. The patronage of *' Frear's
Troy Bazaar " is not wholly local, for
its fame attracts customers from all
the cities, villages and rural districts
of Eastern and Northern New York,
Vermont, and Western Massachusetts.
The people daily thronging the spa-
cious salesrooms of the well-regulated

establishment are not the only evi-
dence of the magnitude of its busi-
ness. More than twelve thousand let-
ters and packages are received and
transmitted monthly through the post-
office. Four, and sometimes eight,
wagons are engaged in delivering
goods to purchasers in the city and its
vicinity. From two hundred and fifty
to three hundred persons are employed
in the different departments of the
large store. The annual cash sales of
the retail departments exceed $1,000,-
000. The main salesroom, on the first
floor, has a frontage of 100 feet on
Washington Square, and a depth of
119 feet. The part extending to the
Second Street entrances has a width
of 44 feet and a depth of 130 feet
On the second floor are the cloak,
shawl and suit departments, the up-
holstery department, and the kitch-
en furnishing department. On the
Second Street third floor is the
counting room. In the basement are
the go^s-receiving, the carpet, and
the wholesale departments. In Feb-
ruary, 1859, William H. Frear came
to Troy, and, on March i, entered
as a salesman the dry-goods store
of John Flagg, at No. 12 Fulton
Street. On February 11, 1865, he
and Sylvanus Haverly formed the
partnership of Haverly & Frear. On
March 9, that year, they opened
a dry-goods store at No. 322
River Street. By articles of agree-
ment drawn on January 29, 1868,
John Flagg became a copartner on
March 16, 1868 ; the firm takiiig the
name of Flagg, Haverly, & Frear.
On April 9, that year, the firm occu-
pied the store-rooms Nos. 3 and 4
Cannon Place, vacated by Decker &
Rice. On January 2, 1869, Sylvanus
Haverly withdrew, and the firm-name
was changed to that of Flagg & Frear.
On the expiration of the partnership
of Flagg & Frear, on March i, 1874,
William H. Frear came into posses-

» » i t' *•* *i%7

101

sion of the business. In 1875, '76,
'80, and '84, he enlarged the establish-
ment by renting and refitting adjoin-
ing rooms, so mat at present he occu-
pies ,Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 Cannon
Place, and Nos. 13 and 15 Second
Street.

Dyers. — ^About the year 1826,
Aaron Hall began dyeing in Troy, in
a building on the northwest corner of
Jay and River streets. Charles Myers,
in 1837, engaged in the same business
at No. 277 River Street, where he was
succeeded by Anthony St. Jermain.
His works were purchased in 1840,
by James Warwick, who, in 1842,
moved them to No. 435 River Street.

Christopher W. Shacklady,
dyer, in 1844, became associated with
James Warwick in the business, the
firm taking the name of Warwick &
Shacklady, and ocbipying the build-
ing known as No. 435 River Street.
In April, 1 851, the firm moved to
the present location of the works of
of Christopher W. Shacklady, who, in
1859, succeeded to the business. In
1870, the firm of Shacklady &
Ford was formed, which, in the spring
of 1886, was dissolved. At his dye-
works, on the southeast comer of
River and Jacob streets, Christopher
W. Shacklady has all the conveniences
necessary to execute the orders given
him.

William R. Lee, proprietor of the
Elder steam dye-works, established
in 1856, continues the dyeing business
at No. 53 State Street, north side, be-
tween Fifth and Sixth streets.

Earthquakes.— Two distinct vi-
brations of the earth were felt by
many people in Troy about 2:07 P. M.,
on Sunday, August 10, 1884. The
wave movement was north and south.
On Sunday, November 4, 1877, at

1:53 A. M., there was a shock of an
earthquake more perceptible in its
effects than the later one.

East OreenbuBh, one of the
towns of Rensselaer county, originally
known as the town of Clinton, was
erected February 23, 1855. Its terri-
tory was a part of Ae town of Green-
bush.

The Harrowgate spring, about a
half a mile from the Greenbush ferry,
derived its name, in 1792, from the
celebrated Harrowgate springs, twenty
miles west of York, England, because
the mineral properties of the former
were similar to those of the latter. A
building was erected near it for
visitors using the water. After the
war of 1 812 the spring lost its pop-
ularity.

In the burial ground, in the rear of
the Dutch church, in East Greenbush,
is the grave of**' Edmund ' Charles
Genet, who came to the United States
from France, in December, 1792, as
minister plenipotentiary and consul-
general. In March, 18 10, he came to
the toMm of Greenbush and purchased
a farm, on which he built the Genet
homestead, now the summer residence
of Nelson Davenport of Troy. The
slab marking his grave is inscribed :

** Under this humble stone are in-
terred the remains of Edmund Charles
Genet, late adjutant-general, minister
plenipotentiary and consul-general
from the French Republic to the
United States of America. He was
born at Versailles, parish of St. Louis,
in France, Jan. 8, 1763, and died at
Prospect Hill, town of Greenbush,
July 14, 1834. Driven by the storms
of the revolution to the shades of re-
tirement, he devoted his talents to his
adopted country, where he cherished
the love of liberty and virtue. The
pursuits of literature and science en-
livened his peaceful solitude, and he
devoted his life to usefulness and

102

benevolence. His last moments were,
like his life, an example of fortitude
and true Christian philosophy. His
heart was love and friendship's sun.
which set on this transitory world to
rise with radiant splendor beyond the
grave."

Beside his grave are the tombs of
bis two wives; before marriage Cor-
nelia Tappan, and Martha Brandon
Osgood. He was one of the origi-
nators of the Rensselaer County Ag-
ricultural Society*

In May, 1812, the United States
government purchased about 300 acres
of land, one and a half miles east of
the village of Greenbush, for a mili-
tary post. Major-General Henry
Dearborn, commanding, erected there
eight frame buildings, known as the
barracks, each 22 by 252 feet, two
stories high, with basements, four on
two opposite sides of the parade
ground, and four other frame build-
ings, two stories high, 90 feet long,
for officers* quarters, two occupying
sites on the two other opposite sides
of the parade ground. A number of
other buildings were erected on the
eminence commanding an extensive
view of the surrounding country.
The cantonment had accommodations
for more than 4,000 soldiers. The
camp's elevated position, frequently
called Mount Madison, was deemed
a very healthful one, but dur-
ing the first year of its occupation
much sickness prevailed among the
troops. On May 2, 1831, the property
was sold by the government.

The only village in the town is that
of East Greenbush, near the middle
of the southern boundary line of the
town. Population about 250. In the
place are two churches, one hotel,
and about forty other buildings.

Population of the town of East
Greenbush: 1855, 1,606; i860, 1,607;
1865, 1,663; 1870, 1,845; 1875,
2,067; 1880, 2,127.

Elbow street was called Fulton
Street in 1847.

Electric Light Company,
Troy, works on southeast comer of
River and Liberty streets, was incor-
porated, February 21, 1885. Capital
stock, $150,000. The first use of elec-
tricity for illuminating purposes in
the city was mttUe on Thursday night,
December 22, 1881, The first cour
tract for lighting the city streets by
electricity was made. April 20, 1885.
The officers of the company are
Albert E. Powers, president; Samuel
Foster, vice president ; and George H.
Morrison, secretary and treasurer.

Electrotyping —

Troy Electrotype Company. No.
7 and 9 Sixth Street, between Fulton
and Grand Division streets.

Emerald Beneficial Associ-
ation. — Branch No. 3 was organ-
ized, August 15, 1875 ; chartered,
August 29, 1876. The association
holds its meetings on . the first and
third Mondays in each month, at Em-
met Hall, No. 8 Third Street.
Branch No. 6, organized, April 17,
1884, meets at the same place.

Emmet Association, Rob-
ert, meets at Emmet Hall, No. 8
Third Street.

Empire Order of Mutual
Aid. — Griswold Lodge, No. 18,
meets every fourth Monday, in the
Temple of Honor, No. 273 River
Street. Troy Lodge, No. 128, meets
on the second Monday of each month,
at the same place.

Employment Society, La-
dies', incorporated September 10,
1855, has its rooms in its building

103

No. 45 Ferry Street, between Fir^t
and Second streets. This admirably
conducted society aids a large number
of needy women by employing them
to make clothing which the managers
afterward sell. The present officers
are Mrs. C. L. MacAtthur, president ;
Mrs. John N. Squires, vice president ;
Miss Sarah Thnrman, secretary ; Mrs.
David Cohen, treasurer.

Engineers and Surveyors'

Instruments.—

W. & L. E. GURLEY, in their laige,
four-story, brick building, on the
north side of Fulton street, between
Fifth and Union streets, manufacture

The site of the establishment has
for more than three-score years been
occupied by buildings in which sur-
veying and mathematical instruments
have been manufactured. Julius
Hanks, of Mansfield, Connecticut,
having, in 1808, erected in Gibbons-
ville, (now West Troy), a bell and
brass foundry, purchased, June 15,
1825, from Jacob D. E. Van der Hey-
den, lot 795, on the north side of El-
bow (Fulton) Street, between Fifth
Street and the alley east of it. On
this and the adjoining lot, afterwards
purchased by him, he erected a two-
story, weather-boarded building,
fronting with two gables and a
portico on Fifth Street. A small

Jill

JULIUS hanks' building, 1825.

theodolites, solar telescopes, com-
passes, transits, plane tables, Y levels,
miners' compasses, chains, rods, and
drawing instruments. The enterpris-
ing firm makes annually more engi-
neering and surveying instruments
than any other three mathematical
and philosophical instrument manu-
facture! s in the United States, and
widely distributes them in all parts of
the world. The Gurley instruments
are used by engineers in Japan, Chi-
na, India, Syria, Arabia, Egypt,
South and Central America, Mexico,
Cuba, Hayti, Canada, and in every
state and territory in this country.

bust of Benjamin Franklin ornament-
ed the entablature of the front door
on the portico, and the dial of a clock
the gable of that part of the building
in which were the office and work-
rooms : the north part being the dwell-
ing of the proprietor. On Fulton
Street, on the west side of the alley,
Julius Hanks built a small, frame
structure, which he used for a foundry.
In the two building^ he began manu-
facturing, as he advertised, ** church
bells, town clocks, copper and brass
castings, and surveyors' instruments
of the most improved construction."

104
In 1829, hii son, Oscar, succeeded to on the site of that known as No. 319

the business.

William Gurley, the senior member
of the firm of W. & L. E. Gurley,
after graduating, in 1839, ^™ the
Rensselaer Institute, now known as
the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,

Riyer Street, using the basement for a
foundry, the first story for an office
and a salesroom, and the two upper
stories for work-rooms. Lewis E. Gur-
ley, before entering Union Collie,
in 1847, whence he was graduated in

entered the establishment of Oscar July, 185 1, had acquired a knowledge
Hanks, in 1840, to learn the business, of the business with Phelps & Gurley.

GURLEY BUILDING, FULTON STREET.

On February 25, 1545, he and Jonas
H. Phelps formed a partnership, under
the name of Phelps & Gurley, mathe-
matical and philosophical instrument
makers, and rented the basement of
the building formerly on the south-
west comer of River and Grand Divi-
sion streets. On May i, 1845, the
firm occupied the building formerly

In September, 1 851, he was admitted
a member of the firm, which took the
name of Phelps & Gurleys. On
February i, 1852, the Gurley Broth-
ers purchased Jonas H. Phelps's inter-
est, and continued the business under
the name of W. & L. E. Gurley. In
the spring of 1852. they bought the
property formerly belonging to Oscar

105

Hanks, on Fulton and Fifth streets.
That year, they erected, on the site of
the Hanks foundry, a four-story, brick
building, fronting 65 feet on Fulton
Street, and furnished it with the ma-
chinery which their enlarged business
demanded. On May 10, 1862, it and
the building on the comer of Fifth
and Fulton streets were burned in the
great fire of that day. The erection
of the present imposing structure was
immediately undertaken. The engine
in it set in motion the new machinery
on December i(\ 1862, the same day
of the same month that the machinery
in the former building was put in op-
eration in 1852. During the civil war
the firm made for the United States
gOTemment brass fuse-plugs for Co-
lumbiad shells, brass sight-pieces for
Parrott guns, and brass mountings for
saddles. The firm also ma'le war
munitions for a number of contractors.
The firm's notable display of en-
gineering instruments , at the Interna-
tional Exhibition, at Philadelphia, in
1876, was decreed a special award by
the Centennial Commission. An en-

fineer's transit o( aluminium, the
rst ever made of that light metal,
was a part of the firo^'s attractive ex-
hibit. There are several costly and
curiously constructed machines in the
establishment used for engraving let*:
ters and graduating lines on metallic
plates which automatically operate
with wonderful precision. The firm
manufactures platinum wire for its tel-
escopes of the exceeding fineness of
1-12,000 of an inch, 10,000 fibres of
which can be thrust together through
the eye of a No. 9 cambric needle.
A thread of the wire sufficient to en-
circle the earth can be coiled inside a
thimble.

The Gurley Building has a frontage
of 130 feet on Fulton Street and a
depth of 90 on Fifth Street, and ex-
tends along Union Street n8 feet.
The salesroom, office, drafting, ship.

ping, and engine rooms are on the first
story. The spacious manufacturing
rooms are on the second and third
stories. The elaborate and valuable
machinery includes twelve graduating
engines, six of which are automatic,
three engpraving and figuring machines,
and more than a hundred lathes. The
sales of the firm's instruments yearly
range from $150,000 to $20o,ooa A
large number of experienced work-
men are employed in the establish-
ment

Episoopal Churches.— ;There

are seven Episcopal churches in the
city.

St. Paul's Church, northeast cor-
ner of Third and State streets. In a
sketch of the life of the Right Rev.
Philander Chase, Bishop of Ohio, it
is related that after his graduation
from Dartmouth Collie, in 1795, he
visited Albany, where he became a
teacher in the academy, and on the
following Sunday "read divine ser-
vice in Troy." It may therefore be
assumed that at that time the small
number of Episcopalians in the vil-
lage were accustomed to assemble in
available rooms to engage in religious
worship. In 1803, among the clergy-
men occasionally conducting these
services was the Rev. David Butler.
He had been ordained a priest by the
Right Rev. Samuel Seabury, Bishop
of Connecticut, at Middletown, in
that state, June 9, 1793, and, in 1794,
became rector of the parish at Litch-
field, where he ministered until he
was instituted rector of Christ Church,
Reading, Connecticut, April 17, 1799.
Advised by the visiting clergyman,
the zealous laymen accepted the aid
tendered them by Trinity Church,
New York, to build a church and sup-
port a. rector. To become an incor-
porated body, they met in the court-
house, on Monday, January 16, 1804,

106

and having made Nicholas Schuyler singburgh, having organized them-
chairman, they ** determined that all selves, on January 5, 1804, into a body
the male persons present '* should ** be known by the name of Trinity Church
a church or congregation » * * ©f that village, the Right Rev. Ben-
known in law by the name of the jamin Moore, conceiving that the wel-
Trustees of St. Paul's Church in fare of the members of the two con-
Troy." They then elected Eliakim gregations could best be promoted by

ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, 1819.

Warren and Jeremiah Pierce, church
wardens, and Nicholas Schuyler,
David Buel, jr., Lemuel Hawley,
Thomas Davis. Thomas Hillhouse,

uniting them in one parish, suggested
the erection of a church midway be-
tween the two villages. Deeming the
proposed site unsuitable, the people

John Bird, William S. Parker, and of St. Paul's congregation determined,
Hugh Peebles, vestrymen. A num- on March 8, 1804, to erect a church
ber of Episcopalians residing in Lan- in the central part of the village, and

107

initructed the trustees to purchase of
John Bird the east parts of lots 183
and 184, on the northwest comer of
Congress and Third streets. The
owner, unwilling to place a price
upon the property, its value was ap-
praised by Daniel Merritt and John
McCoun. The lot. 65 by 100 feet,
was purchased, March 26, for
I425. David Bnel. jr., Thomas Davis,
and Nicholas Schuyler, the building
committee, were instructed ** to con-
tract with proper workmen to put up
the building of the church ; the frame
to be well put up and filled in with
brick, one thick, the roof well cov-
ered to the top of the brick of
the steeple, and the house to be in'
every respect well inclosed." On
Monday, July 2, the comer-stone was
laid by the Rev. David Butler, ** who
had previously been chosen rector by'
the vestry." The event was thus re-
ferred to by the Albany Gazette of the
following day : " Yesterday moming,
at 10 o'clock, the Rev. David Butler,
accompanied by the Rev. Mr. Coe,
pastor of the Presbyterian Church,
and a respectable number of citizens,
formed in procession and proceeded
to the spot destined for the Protestant
Episcopal Church, and with the usual
exercises of prayer, vocal and instra-
mental music, &c., laid the comer
stone upon which to build an edifice
for the public worship of God."

On his retum to Reading, the Rev.
David Butler wrote, on August 2,
* to the vestry of the church of Troy
and Lansingburgh," that he had ob-
tained his dismission from that parish,
and would accept the call given him.
*'I shall endeavor to make myself
ready to remove with my family when-
ever it may be convenient for Mr.
Warren to come down with his ves-
sel." On the Sunday preceding
Christmas, in 1804, there were five
persons in the congregation who had
attended the celebration of the Holy

Communion, and these partook of it
with several other persons present at
that time.

Early in the summer of 1805, the
church was completed. On Wednes-
day, June 26, the pews and seats
were ** sold at public vendue." The
persons who had subscribed and paid
money to erect the building or to pur-
chase the organ were privileged to
have the amount deducted from the
sum to be paid for pews or seats.
Trinity Church, New York, contrib-
uted $2,000 to the erection of the
church. The organ, constmcted in
England, had been in use in the old
French church in New York City.
For two decades of years after its
transference to St. Paul's it was the
only church-organ in Troy. The
clerk's desk, the lectem, and pulpit,
it is said, were constmcted one above
the other as in old English churches.

On Wednesday, January 8, 1806,
the Rev. David Butler was instituted
rector of St. Paul's parish, and on the
following day that of Trinity, Lan-
singburgh. He conducted every Sun-
day one service in Troy and one in
Lansingburgh, except on every fourth
Sunday, when he officiated in Water-
ford. On Thursday moming, August
21, the Right Rev. Benjamin Moore
consecrated the church. The rector,
whose clothing was of the fashion of
the last century, always walked
to the church in gown and bands from
the rectory, then on the east side of
Fourth Street, and nearly opposite
the present site of the Unitarian
Church. Robing himself in the con-
tracted room, beneath the pulpit, he
emerged in his surplice to officiate in
the service. In 18 13, the number of
regular communicants had increased
to 84. The rector's manifold duties
in St. Paul's parish caused him, in
in 1814, to sever his pastoral relations
with Trinity Church, Lansingburgh.
Tradition relates that the sonorous

108

responses of the clerk were of a pecu-
liar solemnity and deeply impressed
children. The Canticles were always
read until the enlargement of the
building, at which time, to please
some of the members disliking the in-
novation of chanting them, it was or-
dered that only one should be chanted,
either the Venitt ox Jubilate. Lateral!
the Canticles were sung except the Te
Deum^ which was never sung ^hile
St. Paul's congregation worshipped in
the building. In 1819, it was en-
larged by increasing its length 35 feet
at the diancel or north end. This
addition made the building, including
the tower, 90 feet long and 45 wide.
The school-house, buUt in 1809, at
the north end of the church, was re-
moved to the lot on the north side of
the parsonage, on Fourth Street.

Desiring a new and larger church,
a great number of the members peti-
tioned the vestry, in January, 1826,
to take steps to build one. On Feb-
ruary 27, David Buel, jr., Stephen R.
Warren, Nathan Warren, £. Pattison,
Lewis Richards, James Van Brackle,
and Ira Ford were appointed a com-
mittee to report a suitable site, and
were requested to inquire whether
the old burying-ground, on the south-
east comer of Third and State streets,
could be obtained and upon what
terms ; also whether the church could
be exchanged for the Methodist or Bap-
tist church, or either of the lots upon
which they were built. On March 17,
it was determined that the lot of
Joshua Harpham, on the northeast
comer of Third and State streets, and
the next one, north of it, belonging to
Benjamin Gilbert, and a part of the
lot, next north of the latter, the
property of Stephen Bouton, jr.,
should be purchased. On May i,
the first two lots, each 50 by 130 feet,
were severally purchased for $3,500
and $2,800, both subject to annual
ground-rents. On each was a two

story, wooden building. They were
sold and removed. The pump in the
street, near the curb of the pavement,
was taken from the well, which was
covered with a flag-stone. On Sep-
tember 16, Nathan Dauchy, Nathan
Bouton, Nathan Wanen, Lewis Rich-
ards, and Jacob Bishop were appointed
a building committee, and authorized
to sell the church on the southwest
comer of Third and Congress streets
and the lot on which the school-house
was standing on Fourth Street.

In the spring of 1 827, the excava-
tions for the foundation of the present
church were begun. On Tuesday
afternoon, April 24, the corner-stone
was laid. At four o'clock, the rector,
wardens, and vestrymen, with some
of the pastors of the other churches in
the city, and a large number of people
went in procession from the old church
to the site of the new one. " They
then descended into the excavation,
intended for the foundation of the
new edifice, and the comer-stone
was there laid in due form. In a
cavity of the comer-stone, made for
the pur|>ose, a glass vase was depos-
ited, with the following contents:
The Holy Bible and Book of Com-
mon Prayer, enclosed in leather and
covered with wax ; a manuscript his-
tory of the origin and progress of the
Episcopal Church in this city ; ' a list
of the houses of worship " then ** in
Troy ; a list of the clergymen ; a roll
with the following Latin inscription :
' In hac urbe, i6mo Jan. A.D. 1804,
societas Christiana, auctoritate Epis-
copalis Ecclesise Protestantism in
Feoderatis Civitatibus Americas Sep-
tentrionalis, appellata Ecclesia Sancti
Pauli, Trojae, prima est constituta.
Suum templum, eodem atiuo aedifica-
tum refectum est, A. D. 1819, ac am-
plitts constmctum. A. D. 1827, 24
mo Apr. Rev. David Butler, rectore,
necnon Valde Johanne Henrico Ho-
bart Episcopo, hoc novum templum.

109

aospiciis beatis, conditnm est' ; a copy
of Sword's Pocket Almanac, Christian
Calendar and Ecclesiastical Register
for 1827 ; a copy of Tuttle & Rich-
ards' Ci^ Calendar for the years 1826
and 1827 ; the last number of each of
the five papers published in this city ;
one number of several other pe-
riodical journals ; a New York Price
Current ; a printed address to parents
on the subject of Sunday schools; a
printed circular to the members of
the Episcopal Church in the United
States ; and a silver plate on which
was engraved the following inscrip-
tion : * This comer-stone of Saint
Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church
of the City of Troy was laid on the
24th day of April, anno Domini 1827,
and the 51st year of the Independ-
ence of the United States of America,
by the Rev. David Butler, rector of
the church ; Nathan Bouton and
Esaias Warren, wardens ; George
Tibbits, Nathan Warren. WUliam
Bradley, Nathan Dauchy, Francis
Yvonnett, Elias Pattison, James Van
Brackle, and David Buel, jr., vestry-
men. The Right Rev. John H. Ho
bart, Bishop of the Protestant Episco-
pal Church of the diocese of the state
of New York. Nathan Bouton, Na-
than Dauchy, Lewis Richards, Jacob
Bishop, Nathan Warren, building
committee. Master-builders, Peter
Stewart, James McFarlan, masons;
Farqnhar McRae, John Corey, car-
penters. John Quincy Adams presi-
dent of the United States of Ameri-
ca.'" When the comer-stone had
been laid, the rector delivered an ad-
dress and the exeicises closed with a
prayer.

The building, constracted of Am-
sterdam limestone, was consecrated
by the Right Rev. Bishop Hobart, on
Saturday, August 16, 1828. On the
completion of the edifice the follow-
ing particulars were printed respecting
it : •• The main body of the church is

103 feet by 70. At the west end is a
tower 24 feet square, projecting 12
feet from the face of the wall, and
100 feet high. ♦ ♦ ♦ There are
five windows on each side, and three
in the east end, each 25 feet high by 8
feet wide — except the great window
over the altar, which is 40 feet high
and 20 feet wide. Inside, dustered
columns support the gaUeries and the
ceiling, which latter is turned into
Gothic arches, omamented with ribs
and rows of stucco. The altar Iront,
the pulpit, the breastwork of the gal-
leries, and the pews are beautifully
painted in imitation of British oak.
There are one hundred and forty slips
on the lower floor, and seventy on
the side galleries, besides seats in the
organ loft. ♦ * » The new bell,
which is an excellent one from
Hanks' foundry, and is swinging in
the tower, weighs 22 cwt A neat
staircase behind the pulpit leads
down to a spacious vestry room in
the basement, into which there is also
a door in the rear wall. The court
is paved all around the church with
broad flags, and the whole is enclosed
by a neat fence with balusters." The
lots and the building cost $40,368 66.
The organ, built by Henry Erben, of
New York, had 18 stops and 865
pipes. On August 18, one hundred
pews in the church were sold for
f 38,00a Some years laier, the fence
on the west and south sides of the
building was removed. The erection
of the present rectory was undertaken
in 1^65.

The Erben organ was displaced in
1854 by a much larger one, the gift of
Mrs. Martha C. Warreo, the widow of
Stephen Warren. Another, made by
C. & G. G. Hook k Hastings of Bos-
ton, and connected with the former
by pneumatic trackers to play the two
at the same time, was placed in the
gallery on the north side of the
chancel, in 1881. On the first Sunday

ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, 1 828,

Ill

in January, 1879, a- boys' choir, organ-
ized by E. Coleman Webb, deceased,
choirmaster and organist, succeeded
the quartette choir previousiy singing
in the church.

Among the rich memorial gifts in
the building is an .elaborate brass lec-
tern, presented 'Easter, 1880, by Mrs.
Walter P. Warren, in memory of her
brother, ** Edward Ingersoll Warren,,
bom July 18, 1858, died April 8,
1878 ;" a brass, triple corona, for light-
ing the chancel, the gift of the Hon.
James Forsyth, in 1880 ; a number of
finely illuminated panels on the sides
of the chancel, painted and given by
Mrs. E. Warren Paine, in i88o; a
communion service, the gift of Mrs.
John L. Thom^json, in memory of her
deceased husband, in 1881 ; white
marble altar steps, given in 1883, by
William E. Hagan and family, in
memory of Frank Covell Hagan, who
died December 19, 1882 ; a beautiful
Caen marble reredos, English alabas-
ter panels, Tennessee marble columns
and shelf, given at Easter, 1886, in
memory of Mrs. Phebe Warren Tay-
loe, bom September 4, 1804, died
November 6; 1884 ; also a credence in
memory of Mrs. Eliza A. Paine, bom
March 22, i8oi, died December 20,
1866.

The other attractive memorials
in the church are the richly illumi-
nated glass in the chancel window, ,40
feet high and 20 wide, placed there
by the congregation to the memory of
the Rev. David Butler, D. D. On
the north side of the reredos is a tab-
let, erected in 1828 by the vestry ** in
memory of Eliakim Warren, senior
warden of this church from its organ-
ization in 1804 until his death. To
his zeal and munificence the congre-
gation is indebted under God for its
origin and prosperity. He died* Sep-
tember 4, 1824, aged 77 years." On
the south side of the reredos is an-
other erected by the vestry, in mem-

ory of Phebe, relict of Eliakim War-
ren. She died January 17th, 1835,
aged 80 years." Near it is a brass
incribed: "David Butler, D. D.,
first rector of the parish, 1 804-1 834.
Died July 11, A. D. 1842, aged 80
years." Beside it is another lettered :
*• Robert B. Van Kleeck, Doctor of
Divinity, rector of this church,
1837-1854. Bom August 25, A. D.
i8io. Died, November 23. 1880,
aged 70 years." Another, near it,
is the gift of the Young Men's Guild
of St. Paul's Church, in memory of
" Francis Harison, S. T. D. Bom
in New York City, December
I5» 1839- Rector of this church from
June I, 1873, until his death. Died
December 29, 1885." On the north
wall of the church are tliree tablets ;
one •* in memory of Esaias Warren.
* *. * . A discreet and faithful
warden of this church, in which ofiice
he succeeded his venerable father.
He was bora in Norwalk, Connecti-
cut, October 16, 1771. Died in this
city the i9th of April, 1829." Near
it is another " in memory of Stephen
Warren, third son of Eliakim and
Phebe Warren, for seventeen years
senior warden of this church, an office
in which his only predecessors were
his father and eldest brother. Born
March 9. 1783, Died May 9, 1847."
The third is ** sacred to the memory
of Nathan Warren, who died August
13, 1834. aged 57 years." On the
south wall of the church is a brass
"in' memory of Jonas Coe Heartt,
vestryman of this church from 1 831 to
i8^t ; warden from 1861 to 1874.
Born August 12, 1793. Died April
30, 1874"; and to "Catharine, his
wife, born August 8, 1793, died De-
cember 28, 1869," Two colored glass
windows in the front wall of the build-
ing were given at Easter, 1885, one
by the Young Men's Guild of St.
Paul's Church, and the other by the
Sunday-school.

113

The corner-stone of St. Paul's Par- D. D.. elected October i6, 1837. in-
ish House or Chapel, on State Street, stituted November 19, resigned Feb-
was laid July 4, 1869. The stone ruary 6, 1854; Thomas W. Colt,
structure occupies the site of the two- D. D., LL. D., elected March 20,
story, brick, Sunday-school house 1854, accepted April 17, began his
erected in 1832. The building was ministrations April 30, resigned Sep-
dedicated by the Right Rev. William tember 20, 1872 ; Eliphalet N. Pot-
Croswell Doane, Bishop of Albany, ter, D. D., (associate rector), began
on St. Paul's Day, 1871. The Ger- his ministrations March i, i86g, re-
man congregation of St. Paul's parish signed April 2, 1872 ; Francis Hari-
began worshipping in the chapel on son, D. D., called May 4, 1873, ac-
the second Sunday of October, 1881. cepted May 21, began his ministra-
The illuminated chancel window tions June i, instituted October 28,
bears the inscription: "In memory died December 29, 1885; H. Ashton
of T. C. Brinsmade, M. D., who died Henry, (assistant minister), priest in
June 22, A. D. 1867. Erected by his charge, January i, 1886, to present
wife." The illuminated window in time.

the east wall was given by John Ho- Assistant ministers : William G.

bart Warren, in memory of his de- Spencer, October it, 1854 to 1855 ;

ceased wife, ** Eliza Atwood Tibbits George C. Pennel, October 11, 1855

Warren, bom August 12, 1831. En- to July 11, 1856; Thomas Brinley

tered into rest, April 6, 1870.'* The Fogg, July 11. 1856 to July 11, 1857 ;

stone font was the gift of Mrs. Wil- John Scarborough, July 19, 1857 to

Ham O. Cunningham, in memory of July 8, i860, (made bishop of New

her infant son, William Stuart Cun- Jersey in 1875); Edgar Tefft Chapman,

ningham, who died March 25, 1870." July 15, i860 to 1862 ; F. Wain-

The Martha Memorial House, at wright, 1862 to 1863 ; George Worth-

the north side of the church, erected ington, 1864 to January 2, 1865;

and furnished by Joseph W. Fuller (made bishop of Nebraska in 1885) ;

and wife, in memory of their daughter, Charles A. Holbrook, September 24,

Martha W. Fuller, was presented to 1866 to 1867 ; Richard S. Adams,

the parish by the Rev. Eliphalet N. (officiated at St. Paul's Free Chapel),

Potter, D.D., in their behalf, on All November 9, 1869 to July 5, 1870;

Saint's Day, November i, 1881. F. S. Luther, 1871 to 1872 ; Walker

The parish school has an endow- Gwynne, (officiated at St. Paul's Free

ment of about |i2.ooo. Chapel), October, 1872 to March i.

Rectors: David Butler, D. D., 1876 ; George W. Shinn, October 10,

elected July 2, 1804, instituted June 1873 to January 9, 1875 ; Francis

18, 1805. resigned April 26, 1834; A. Shoup, January 9, 1875 to

Robert B. Croes. (assistant rector), June, 1875 ; Alexander McMillan,

elected November 26, 1829, began 1874 to April 16, 1877 ; William

his ministrations March 2, 1830, re- C. Prout, (officiated at St. Paul's

signed January 30, 1831 ; Isaac Peck, Free Chapel), July 15, 1876 to

(assistant rector), elected August 27, June 16, 1878 ; William M. Pickslay,

1831, began his ministrations Decem- June 9, 1877 to 1878 ; Pelham Wil-

ber 4. elected rector April 26, 1834, Hams, S. T. D., (officiated at St. Paul's

resigned December 12,1836; Alonzo Free Chapel), December 21, 1879,

Potter, D. D., (officiated), 1836-37, to January 6, 188 1 ; Henry T. Leslie,

(made Bishop of Pennsylvania in 1879 ; Johannes Rockstroh, (in charge

1845); Robert Boyd Van Kleeck, of St. Paul's German congregation),

114

July I, 1881 to July I, 1885 ; Arthur
B. Moorhouse, 1884 to 1885 ; Julius
G. Erhardt, (in charge of St. Paul's
German congregation), July i, 1885
to April, 1886; H. Ashton Henry,
(priest in charge of St. Paul's parish),
January i, 1886 to present time.

St. John's Church is on the
southeast comer of First and Lib-
erty streets. In the fall of 1830 a
number of Episcopalians intending
to organize a second Episcopal
church in the city, began holding
lay services in the Presbyterian session
house. No. 71 Fourth Street. In that
building, in November, they organ-
ized " St. John's Church in the city
of Troy" by electing David Buel,
and John Whiten, wardens, and David
Buel, jr., Lewis Rousseau, Asahel
Gilbert, jr., Darius Weed, Francis N.
Mann, Charles S. J. Goodrich, Henry
Rousseau, and Melzer Flagg, vestry-
men. A committee was appointed to
negotiate the purchase of St. Paul's
Church, on the northwest comer of
Congress and State streets. On Jan-
uary 13, 1831, the ground and the
building, '* including bell, organ and
other personal property appurtenant
to the church-edifice," were bought
for $5,000. The purchasers cove-
nanted that the building should for-
ever thereafter be " used and appropri-
ated to and for the use of an Episco-
pal church by a congregation in con-
nection with the Protestant Episcopal
Church," and that the property should
revert to St. Paul's Church if this use
of the building were not made. The
Rev. John A. Hicks of Easton, Penn-
sylvania, was called to the rectorship
of the church, and took charge of the
parish in May, 1831. St. John's con-
gregation, it is said, included at that
time '* seventeen communicants and
some twenty families." In 1839, a
new steeple replaced the old one, and
a larger bell was hung in the belfry.

In September, that year, a committee
appointed to consider the expediency
of building a church near Washington
Street reported adversely, and in the
following year $2,000 were expended
in the renovation of the old edifice.
Dissatisfied with its location, and be-
lieving that the growth and influence
of the Episcopal Church in the city
would be promoted by building a
church in a part of Troy where there
was not a Protestant one, the congre-
gation requested a full release of St.
Paul's Church upon the property pur-
chased of it, and the privilege of sell-
ing the church and ground belonging
to it and of using the money obtained
from the sale to erect another edifice
for the congregation, "to be conse-
crated forever to the use of the Pro-
testant Episcopal Church." On March
23, 1849. t^e tmstees of St. Paul's
Church accepted the terms and x:ondi-
tions proposed by St. John's congre-
gation. On Febraary 10, 1853, two
lots, numbered 6 and 7, belonging to
Dennis M. Fitch, on the southeast
comer of First and Liberty streets,
were purchased for $3,600, and in the
spring of that year the erection of the
present substantial and attractive edi-
fice was undertaken. On March 14,
the property on the northwest comer
of Congress and Third streets was sold
to Gardner W. Rand for $9,000. Its
delivery was under an agreement that
the building should be torn down,
and until that was done, the edifice
should ** not be occupied or rented by
the purchaser for any purpose what-
ever." On Saturday, June 18, the
comer-stone of the present church
was laid by the Right Rev. Jonathan
Mayhew Wainwright, Provisional
Bishop of New York. On August
25, 1854, the unfinished building,
during the conflagration of that day,
when two hundred buildings were
burned in its vicinity, was barely
saved from the destroying element.

ST. JOHN'S CHURCH.

116

A large brand lodged in the highest
part of the frame-work of the steeple
and set it on fire. James Stantial,
seeing the lodgement of the
flaming wood, climbed to the dizzy
height and hurled the brand to the
ground. On May 31, 1855, the
church was consecrated by the Right
Rev. Horatio Potter, D. D.. LL. D.,
Provisional Bishop of New York.
The sermon was preached by the
Right Rev. Alonzo Potter, D. D.,
Bishop of Pennsylvania. The red
sandstone of the structure was ob-
tained at the quarries of Portland,
Conn. The length of the building,
including the chancel, is 100 feet, the
width 62 feet. The chapel at the east
end of the church is 50 feet long and
21 wide. The spire has an elevation
of about 150 feet. Henry Dudley of
New York was the architect of the
beautiful structure. It cost about
$50,000. In 1858, the stone spire
was added to the tower, in memory
of Miss Jane Porter Lincoln, a former
member of the parish, by her mother,
Mrs. Lincoln Phelps, of Baltimore,
Md. In September, 1870, a chime of
eleven bells was placed in the tower ;
the gift of different members of the
parish. In 1873-74, the chapel was
enlarged. In the spring of 1879, *
new organ displaced the one given by
Mrs. George M. Tibbils when the
church was built. On the death of
the Hon. Francis N. Mann, February
8, 1880, the vestry, by his will, re-
ceived $25,000, the interest of which
is annually used for certain charitable
purposes. In recent years, the church
has been greatly enriched by many
memorial gifts and special contribu-
tions. The picture of St. John, on the
chancel-wal), was erected to the mem-
ory of Lillian Burdett, in 1880, by her
parents. The brass communion rail
was the gift of Mrs. Cicero Price ;
the chancel-floor of Minton tile
that of the Leguloe Society ; the

beautiful pulpit of polished brass,
a duplicate of the one in old
St. Stephen's church in Philadel-
phia, that of W. Stone Smith, in
memory of his deceased wife, Fannie
Burdett Smith; the carved, wooden,
eagle-lectern that of Mrs. Cicero
Price, in memory of her daughter Cora ;
the carved chancel-chair that of Uri
Gilbert and wife, in memory of their
son, Joseph L. Gilbert ; the stone font
that of John H. Willard and wife, in
memory of their son, John Hudson
Willard. The brass on the wall, on
the south side of the chancel, was
erected by the vestry " in memory of
Francis N. Mann, one of the founders
and for fifty years a warden and ves-
tryman of this parish. Bom June
19, 1802; died February 8, 1880."
On the wall on the north side of the
chancel is another brass, erected in
memory of Thomas A. Tillinghast,
a devout member and faithful ofHcer
of the church, who died June 10, 1879.
Many of the departed dead of the
parish have tokens of remembrance in
the beautifully designed memorial
windows of the church and Sunday-
school rooms.

The parsonage, on the northeast
comer of First and Washington
streets, was built in 1863.

Rectors : John A. Hicks, May, 1831,
to January, 1832; Herman Hooker,
November, 1832, to September, 1833 ;
Henry R. Judah, 1833 to 1836; Gor-
don Winslow, September, 1836 to
1837; Richard Cox, October, 1837,
to May, 1844; William H. Walter,
September, 1844, to April, 1846 ; A.
B. Carter^ May 30, 1846, to Septem-
ber, 1847 ; Edward Lounsberry, Sep-
tember, 1847. to March, 1854; Rich-
ard Temple, July, 1854, to September,
1856; J. Brinton Smith, December,
1856, to February, 1859 ; Henry C.
Potter, D. D., May, 1859, *<> May,
1866. George H. Walsh, D. D.,
July 1866, to May, 1876 ; Frank L.

Norton, D. D., November i. 1876, to
August 1, 1880; Thaddeus A. Snively,
March I, 1 88 1, to present time.

Assistant ministers: James Caird,
October, 1870. to January i, 1873 ;
William M. Barker, 1877 to 1880;
George F. Breed, 1880; Hobart
Cooke, February 5, 1882, to April i,
1883 ; John B. Harding. 1883 to 1884 ;
Henry Macbeth, June 22, 1884, to
October 22, 1885; E. D. G. Tomp-
kins, November, 1855, to present
time.

Christ Church is on the west
side of North Second Street, between
Bridge Avenue and Jacob Street. In
May, 1836, a number of Episcopalians
assembled at No. 35 King Street,
the residence of Josiah Bouton, a com-
municant of St. Paul's Church, and
organized a Sunday-school. With an
attendance of twenty-two scholars, the
school began its sessions in the Fourth
Ward Female Seminary, on the south-
cast comer of North Second and
Jacob streets. In the fall of that year
the number of scholars had increased
to one hundred and seventy. They
and the teachers attended in a body
the Sunday morning services at St.
Paul's Church, where they sat to-
gether, in the north gallery. In No-
vember, Sunday services began to be
held in the Sunday-school room in the
seminary, where the Rev. William F.
Walker, afterwards rector of Christ
Church, first ofHciated. Notice was
then g^ven that a meeting would be
held there on December 3, to organ-
ize a church to be incorporated accord-
ing to the laws of the State of New
York. On that day the male persons
who had been worshipping in the
seminary, on the southeast corner of
North Second and Jacob streets, met
and having made the Rev. William
F. Walker, chairman, elected Elias
LaselL)2^iIliam Osborne, wardens ;
"Wittifim HeaHt; Stephen Bouton,

Ralpth B. Roberts, Richard S. Bryan,
William Gary, Thomas GreneU, Josiah
Bouton, and Samuel Dauchy, vestry-
men. As incorporated, the con-
gregation obtained the title of
** The Rector, Wardens, and Ves-
trymen of Christ Church in the
city of Troy." The Rev. William
F. Walker was called to the rec-
torship of the parish, and he, on De-
cember 29, that year, began his min-
istrations as rector of Christ Church.
Stephen Warren, Jacob Bishop, and
Josiah Kellogg having purchased the
site of the church and the lots
north and south of it, and tendered
them to the vestry, subject to the pay-
ment of the purchase money, the erec-
tion of the present edifice was under-
taken. On Thursday, May 10, 1838,
the comer-stone of the building was
laid by the Right Rev. Benjamin
Tredwell Onderdonk. who, on Satur-
day, June I, 1839, consecrated the ed-
ifice. The building is octagonal in
form, and 70 feet in diameter. As
described at the time, it "is finished
in a style remarkable for its conven-
ience and neatness." In 1851, a rec-
tory was built on King Street, imme-
diately west of the church ; a part of
the bequest of Mrs. Sarah Bradley be-
ing used to pay the cost of its erection.
The building was afterward sold and
the amount of the money of the leg-
acy used by the vestry to construct it
was invested conformably to the pro-
visions of the bequest. In 1867,
the church was renovated and en-
larged. A recessed chancel was built
at the west side and, adjacent it, organ
and vestry rooms. A part of the base-
ment was refitted for the use of the
Sunday-school. In 1871, a chorus
choir was organized, and on January
7. of the following year, the congre-
gation adopted the free church sys-
tem. The parish-house, adjoining the
church, on the north, was erected in
1882; mostly with the money of a

CHRIST CHURCH.

119

l^;acy of $10,000, bequeathed by
Jacob Jacobs, many years a ves-
tryman of the church. That year,
the interior of the church was
greatly improved, refurnished and en-
riched by a number of gifts, among
which was the beautifully illuminated
chancel window, on which is inscribed:
* * To the glory of God and in loving
memory of Ann Bywater Cluett, en-
tered into rest, January 30, 1876.
This window is erected by her chil-
dren." The carved oak altar, bearing
the inscription: ** In loving memory
of our mother, Rebecca C. Kemp,"
the deceased wife of William Kemp,
was given by her children. The brass
lectern was the gift of Samuel C.
Tappin and wife, at Easter, 1879.
The reredos was presented by Mar-
tha E. Kemp, wife of William Kemp,
The sedilia were the offering of Mrs.
James Morehead, to the memory of
her sons. The brass communion rail
was given by Mrs. Charles Clemin-
shaw, and the brass coronas were con-
tributed by her Bible class. The two
illuminated windows at the sides of
the chancel are in memory of North-
rup J. Rockwell and his wife, Mary
A. Rockwell, the offering oif their
niece, Mrs. George B. Cluett.

Rectors: William F.Walker, De-
cember 29, 1836 to November 5,
1839; Edward Ingersoll, March 16,
1840 to June 2, 1842 ; Robert B. Fair-
bairo, August 7, 1843 to November
14, 1848, (now warden of St. Stephen's
College, Annandale, N. Y.) ; Thomas
Alfred Starkey, February 27, 1850 to
February i, 1854, (made bishop of
Northern New Jersey in 1880) ; James
Mulchahey, March 30. 1854 to Octo-
ber 4. i860; Eaton W. Maxcy, jr.,
April 14, 1861 to July 12, 1864;
Joseph N. Mulford, October 2. 1864
to January I, 1886 ; Eaton W. Maxcy,
D. D.. January 3, 1886 to present time.

Assistant ministers: Rev. Edward
D. Cooper, 1853; Hobart Cooke,

1883 ; H. Ashton Henry, December
I, 1884 to January I, 1886.

Church of the Holy Cross is on
the east side of Eighth Street, op-
posite Grand Division Street. A Sat-
urday sewing-school, organized about
the year 181 5, by Phebe Warren, the
wife of Eliakim Warren, was sup-
ported and conducted by her in St.
Paul's parish until her death in 1835.
Her daughter-in-law, Mary Warren,
the wife of Nathan Warren, then
took the management of the school,
which, in 1839, she changed to a day-
school. The charitable work she had
undertaken suggested the erection of
a free church, and she, by the advice
of the Rev. Robert Boyd Van Kleeck,
rector of St. Paul's Church, selected
the site of the present edifice as a
suitable location for the building. On
St. Mark's day, April 25, 1844, the
comer-stone was laid by the Right
Rev. Benjamin Tredwell Onderdonk,
Bishop of New York. On the leaden
box, containinf? a copy of the Bible
and one of the Book of Common
Prayer, placed in the cavity of the
comer-stone, was inscribed : " The
church of the Holy Cross was founded
in the year of grace, 1844, by Mary
Warren, as a house of prayer for all
people, without money and without
price. Glory be to the Father, and
to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.
Amen." Services were held in the
church for the first time on Christmas,
1844. The building was consecrated
by the Right Rev. William RoUinson
Whittingham, Bishop of Maryland, on
Wednesday, December 6, 1848. On
the following morning, Bishop Whit-
tingham admitted the Rev. John
Ireland Tucker to the priesthood,
who, as a deacon, had been officiating
in the church from Christmas, 1844.
Since that time he has continued his
rectorship of the church through a
period of forty-two years, the longest

121

term in which any Protestant clergy-
man has served a church in Troy.
The parsonage, on the north side of
the chnrch, wsis built in 1857. In
1859, t^^ church was enlarged by the
addition of the ante-chapel, making the
depth of the building about 104 feet.
The school-building adjoining the
church, on the south side, was erected
shortly after the burning of the Van
der Heyden mansion, on the south-
west comer of Eighth and Grand
Division streets, in the great fire of
May 10, 1862, in which building the
school had been conducted a number
of years. By the act passed by the leg-
islature, March 19, 1846, the school was
incorporated as **The Warren Free
Institute of the city of Troy."
The three buildings are of dressed
stone, and add no little attractive-
ness to that part of the city in
which they are located. The
chancel-picture, " The Taking Down
from the Cross." was painted and pre-
sented to the church by Professor R.
W. Weir of West Point Academy.
The stained windows, the organ, and
the chime of six bells are the g^ifts of
the children of Mary Warren. To
her memory, a tablet on the west wall
of the ante-chapel bears the following
inscription : ** This church, free to all
people, was founded by Mary, widow
of Nathan Warren, A. D., MDCCC
XLIV. The ante- chapel, contem-
plated by the founder, was built by
her children as a memorial of their
venerated mother, who, on the VIII
day of February, A. D., MDCCCLIX.
in the LXX year of her age entered
into that rest which remaineth to the
people of God." The beautiful brass
lectern was the gift, in 1876, of
Mary C. Warren, the wife of George
Henry Warren of New York City,
in memory of her mother, Mary
Whitney Phoenix." The lectern is a
faC'SitniU of the one in Exeter Ca-
thedral, England; The church is

one of the earliest of the free
churches of the Episcopal communion
in the United States, and first in it
was introduced the choral service,
mainly through the influeoce and mu-
nificence of Dr. Nathan B. Warren.

Rector: John Ireland Tucker,
D. D., from December 25, 1844, to
the present time.

St. Luke's Church is on the east
side of Fourth Street, at its intersec-
tion with First Street. At a meeting,
held in Mechanics* Hall, at the Iron
Works, on November 15, 1866, a
number of persons interested in the
establishment of an Episcopal church
in that part of the city, appointed a
committee to obtain the means to sup-
port a clergyman and to defray the
expenses of a new parish, which the
projectors of it then determined to
call St. Luke's. At a second meeting,
at the same place, on November 20,
that year, the different Episcopal
churches in Troy having promised to
contribute the sum of $900 to the
mission, Frederick A. Stow and Wil-
liam Shattock were elected church
wardens, Charles W. Tillinghast, Ste-
phen E. Warren, Peter Thalimer,
George B. Smith, Robert Bainbridge,
Thomas Edgley, Henry Evans, and
Samuel Kirkbride, vestrymen. On
December 19, the vestry were in-
formed that John F. Winslow had
tendered a plat of ground on the
north side of Robert Bainbridge's
house for the site of a church. 50 feet
wide, or more, if needed. On March
27, 1867, the Rev. E. S. Widdemer,
who had, as a missionary, been min-
istering to the congregation from Oc-
tober, 1866, was called to take charge
of the parish. The erection of the
present stone edifice having been un-
dertaken, it was dedicated bv the
Right Rev. William Croswell Doane,
on September 27, 1870. The comer-
stone of the chapel was laid August
5, 1871.

123

Rectors: E. Soliday Widdemer,
called March 27, 1867, resigned Sep-
tember 27, 1870 ; George W. Shinn,
called November 6, 1870, resigned
September 6, 1873 ; Samuel E. Smith,
called October 6, 1873, resigned June
1 6, 1874 ; Daniel G. Anderson, called
December 18, 1874, resigned Decem-
ber 30, 1875 ; John W. H. Weibel.
called March 22, 1876, resigned
March 14, 1878 ; James B. Wasson,
called July 28, 1878, resigned Octo-
ber 5, 1880; R. G. Hamilton, ac-
cepted call October 13, 1880, resigned
January 27, 1886.

Free Church of the Ascension,
on Ida Hill, south side of Congress
Street. On Sunday evening, Feb-
ruary 14. 1868, the Rev. George H.
Walsh, D. D., rector of St. John's
Church, organized, at the house of
William Cox, on Ida Hill, St.
John's Free Mission, with a mem-
bership of forty-four persons. The
Sunday-school of the mission was Or-
ganized on Friday evening, February
19, and on Sunday, February 21, the
school met for the first time, seven
teachers and forty-four scholars being
present. The meetings of the mission
were first held in a /oom in a build-
ing in the rear of the Ida Hill cotton-
mill. Afterward the mission occu-
pied a part of the building, No. 326
Congress Street, and later, the upper
part of the house, No. 322 Congress
Street, then standing on the present
site of St. Francis's Roman Catholic
Church. F. W. Farnam and wife,
members of St. Paul's Church,
having become interested in St.
John's Free Mission, determined to
erect an edifice for its membership,
to be called The Free Church of the
Ascension. The erection of the build-
ing was undertaken, and on October
19, 1869, the corner-stone was laid ;
the Right Rev. William Croswell
Doane, D. D., bishop of the diocese,

officiating. On February 18, 1871,
the church was consecrated, the bishop
preaching from the text. Psalms xxiv, 7.
The first Sunday service was held in
the church on February 19, at 4
o'clock, in the afternoon ; the Rev.
James Caird, who had been in chaise
of the mission from the first Sunday
of October, 1870, as an assistant to
the rector of St. John's Church,
taking part in the services ; the Rev,
George H. Walsh, D. D., preaching
the sermon. On January i, 1873, the
parish became independent and self-
sustaining ; the Rev. James Caird,
rector.

The architecture of the church is
Gothic, the building cruciform, con-
structed of blue-stone with free stone
facings and copings. The length of
the building is 94 feet, transept 56,
nave 32. The chancel-window, con
taining a representation of the ascen-
sion of Christ, cost $1,000. The
tower, 106 feet high, contains a chime
of nine bells, M. F. Cummings,
architect. Total cost of the building,
$80,000. Sittings, 300. Certificate
of incorporation filed, March 13, 1871.

Rector: James Caird, January I,
1873, to present time.

St. Barnabas Chapel is on the
west side of Vail Avenue, north of
Middleburgh Street. In 1869, a mis-
sion Sunday-school was organized in a
building, on the north side of Renssel-
aer Street, near River Street, by the
Rev. Eliphalet N. Potter, D.D., associ-
ate rector and some of the members
of St. Paul's Church. At a meeting
of St. Paul's vestry, November 9, that
year, it was ** resolved that the plan
approved by the rector [the Rev.
Thomas W. Coit, D. D., LL. D..]
and proposed in a letter from the as-
sociate rector, of beginning a chapel-
enterprise in North Troy, to be ulti-
mately located north of Rensselaer
Street, or North Street, and to be

123

pennanently connected with St Paul's,
the mother parish, is approved by the
vestry, and that they hereby authorize
the andertaking." Services on Sun-
day were regularly begun ; the Rev.
Richard S. Adams taking charge of
the mission as an assistant minbter of
St. Paul's Church ; the duties of which
position he gratuitously performed
until his resignation, July 5, 1870.
During the winter of 1870-71, the
Rev. William Green officiated at the
mission. In the spring of 1871, John
I. Thompson, a communicant of St.
Paul's Church, who was connected
with the mission Sunday-school, learn-
ing that six lots, between Vail Ave-
nue and Mount Street, were for sale,
purchased them for a mission church,
provided their location should be de-
sired for one by those interested in
the undertaking. The property was
deemed eligible, and the title to it
was conveyed to John I. Thompson,
Henry B. Dauchy, and Walter P. War-
ren, as trustees of St. Paul's Free
Chapel, on July 1, 1871. The owner
of the lots, Warren E. Cheney, con-
tributed to the mission $200 of the
$7,000 paid for them The property
comprised two lots, with a brick
building, on the northeast comer of
Mount and Middleburgh streets, two
on the west side of Vail Avenue, and
two west of them on the east side of
Mount Street A frame building,
with sittings for 250 people, was
erected, on the Vail Avenue lots, at a
cost of $3>300 ; the comer-stone hav-
ing been laid on St. Matthew's Day,
1871, by the Right Rev. William
Croswell Doane. The chapel was
opened for divine service on Christmas
Eve, that year. The Rev. Walker
Gwjmne, as an assistant minister of
St Paul's Church, officiated at the
chapel from October, 1872, until his
resignation, March i, 1876. On April
I, 1876, John I. Thompson, Henry
B. Dauchy, and Walter P. Warren,

acting as trustees of St Paul's Free
Chapel, conveyed the property to the
trustees of St Paul's Churdi; the
former having been appointed by St.
Paul's vestry, on Mardi 20, that year,
to manage the temporal affairs of the
chapel. The Rev. William C. Prout
officiated as an assistant minister of
St. Paul's Church at the chapel from
July 15, 1876 to June 16, 1879. He
was succeeded by the Rev. Pelham
Williams, S. T. D., as an assistant
minister of St. Paul's Church, who
officiated from December 21, 1879 ^^
January 6, 1881. On Saturday, Jan-
uary 22. 1 88 1, the committee of St
Paul's Church, John I. Thompson,
Joseph W. Fuller, and James For-
syth, having the management of the
affairs of St Paul's Free Chapel, was
discharged by St. Paul's vestry. The
latter, on February 7, 1883, consented
to the change of the name of St Paul's
Free Chapel to that of St Barnabas
Chapel. The Rev. Pelham Williams,
S. T. D., having been appointed by
the bishop of the diocese, in January,
1 88 1, missionary at St. Paul's Free
Chapel, still officiates in that position
at St. Barnabas Chapel.

Evangelical Church.—

St. Paul's Evangelical Church,
is on the southwest comer of Seventh
and Fulton streets. The society was
organized in Green's Building, on the
southeast comer of Broadway and
Fourth Street, November 10, 1879.
In Febraary, 1885, the house of wor-
ship belonging to the Church of
Christ, on the southwest comer of
Seventh and Fulton streets, was pur-
chased, and, on May 3, that year, the
first services of the society were held
in it. Sittings, 400. The member-
ship includes about 60 families, or
about 120 individuals.

Pastors: William V. Gerichten,
two years ; Victor Broesel, one and

three-quarter years; E. Seeger, De-
cember 3, 1883, to present time.

Executions of Murderers.—

The first execution of a murderer
in Rensselaer County was that of
Winslow Russell, for killing Michael
Backus. The homicide was hung in
Troy, on July ig, i8ii, on the south
side of Congress Street, opposite
Eighth Street. In accordance with
the sentence, his body ** was given to
the physicians for dissection." A
large concourse of people witnessed
the execution. The last public exe-
cution in Troy took place on the side
of the hill, west of the site of the Pro-
vincial Seminary, on November 14,
1834. Thomas Harty was hung then
for the murder of his wife, whom he
killed with an axe while she was cook-
ing his breakfast in the house in which
they were living, at the intersection of
Fourth and Hill streets. On January
28, 1845, William Miller, a German,
was hung in the hall oif the upper
story of the jail, in the presence of
the sheriff" and about fifty citizens, for
the murder of George West at Sand-
lake. Henry G. Green, convicted
of poisoning his wife was executed
in the jail on Wednesday, Septem-
ber 10, 1845. On Thursday, March
15, 1849, Andreas Hal!, for the
murder of Mrs. Amy Smith of
Petersburgh, and Barney O'Donnell,
for the murder of Antonio Ratto, an
Italian, at Petersburgh, were hung in
the jail. Hiram Coon was hung at
the jail, on March 22, 1867, for the
murder of Mrs. Henry Laker of Pe-
tersburgh. On August 13, 1885, at
io;3i A. M., James Horace Jones was
hung in the jail for shooting his wife,
July 3, 1884, in his saloon, at No. 124
Fourth Street.

Farnam Institute, on Ida Hill,
north side of Congress Street, was

124

erected in 1872, by F. W. Far-
nam, at a cost of about 125,000.
It is 84 feet long, 31 wide, 46 high.
The tower contains a clock and bell.
The lower room is used for parish
school purposes, and the upper rooms
are used by the members of the
Free Church of the Ascension for so-
cial gatherings. Architect, M. F.
Cummings.

Perries.— There are four ferries
crossing the river in fiont of the city.
The first, established about two cen-
turies ago, was at an early day called
Van der Heyden's Ferry. When the
New England emijp^rants began to set-
tle on the site of Troy, in 1786, the
place was designated Ferry Hook.
Among the number of settlers was
Captain Stephen Ashley, of Salisbury,
Conn., who kept a tavern in the old
Van der Heyden house, on the south-
east comer of River and Division
streets. He had charge of the ferry
for several years, which then was
known as Ashley's Ferry. On May
10, 1788, when Captain Ashley in-
tended to occupy another building as
a tavern, near the northeast comer of
River and Ferry streets, the following
advertisement appeared in the Federal
Herald^ printed in Lansingburgh :

'* The subscriber respectfully in-
forms the public that as the time for
which he leased his ferry to Captain
S. Ashley hath expired, he proposes
to exert himself in expediting the
crossing of those who may please to
take passage in his . boat, which will
ever be in readiness directly opposite
the house at present occupied by said
Ashley. The terms of crossing will
be as moderate as can reasonably be
expected, and a considerable allow-
ance made to those who contract for
the season.

" He has in contemplation to com-
mence keeping tavem m a few weeks
from the date hereof, when no exer-

125

tions of his shall be wanting to ac-
commodate those who shall resort the
house from which Mr. Ashley will
shortly remove. Matthise Vander-
heyden.

** N. B. — Notice for crossing will
be given by sounding a conch-shell a
few minutes before the boat starts."

The charge for ferrying a wagon
and horses was is.6d.; for a man and
horse, 6d.; for a person, 3d.

In May, 1798, Mahlon Taylor es-
tablished the lower ferry.

The first ^ferry boats were large,
flat-bottomed scows, propelled by iron-
pointed poles. Some years after the
beginning of the present century, the
boats were' attached to lopes stretched
across the river, and were driven by
the force of the current from one land-
ing to the other. Later the boat ply-
ing across the river at Ferry Street
was propelled by machinery. Profes-
sor Benjamin Silliman, in 1819, on
his way to Quebec, gave this descrip-
tion of it:

"A platform covers a wide, flat boat.
Underneath the platform, there is a
large horizontal solid wheel, which
extends to the sides of the boat ; and
there the platform or deck is cut
through, and removed, so as to afford
sufficient room for two horses to stand
on the flat surface of the wheel, one
horse on each side and parallel to the
gunwale of the boat. The horses are
harnessed in the usual manner for
teams, the whifiietrees being attached
to stout iron bars, fixed horizontally,
at a proper height into posts, which
are a part of the fixed portion of the
boat. The horses look in opposite
directions, one to the bow and the
other to the stem; their feet take
hold of channels or grooves cut in the
wheels, in the direction of radii ;
they press forward, and though they
advance not, any more than a squirrel
in a revolving cage, or than a spit dog
at his work, their feet cause the hori-

zontal wheel to revolve, in a direc-
tion opposite to that of their own ap-
parent motion ; this by a connection
of cogs, moves vertical wheels, one
on each wing of the boat, and these,
being constructed like the paddle
wheels of steamboats, produce the
same effect, and propel the boat for-
ward. The horses are covered by a
roof, furnished with curtains, to pro-
tect them in bad weather ; they do
not appear to labor harder than com-
mon draft horses with a heavy load.
The inventor of this boat is a Mr.
Langdon, of Whitehall, and it claims
important advantages of simplicity
cheapness, and effect."

In 1854, by a decision of the Su-
preme Court, the exclusive privilege
of possessing the ferry rights by the
Vanderheyden heirs and their succes-
sors was annulled, and the right to re-
ceive tolls by those maintaining the
ferries became a state franchise. Not
long afterward the horse-boat was dis-
continued at the Ferry Street ferry.
Some years earlier, a ferry was estab-
lished at the foot of Broadway ; the
landing on the west side of the river
being at the south end of Green
Island. On Friday morning, October
13, 1854, the skiff plying between
Troy and Green Island capsized near
the middle of the river, with seven-
teen persons on board. Many of
them could not swim, and eleven
were drowned. The accident was
caused by the persons on board
rising to prevent water from the swells
caused by the steamer Alice from en-
tering the boat.

The fourth ferry, at the foot of
Douw Street, having its landing at
the foot of Tibbits Street, Green
Island, was established after the con-
struction of the State Dam. At each
of the four ferries small steamboats
ply from an early hour in the morning
until a late one at night, and carry
only foot passengers. The south ferry

136

has its landing at the west side of the
Clinton Stove Works.

Fire Alarms. — In the village
days of Troy, alarms of fire were
given by repeated vociferations of the
word, hre, and by the rapid ringing
of the court-house bell. When the
place became a city, the only new
feature was the ringing of certain
church bells and engine house bells.
On December 5, 1867, the fire com-
missioners adopted the system of indi
eating the district in which the fire
was by tolling the number of the
district on the fire bells ; the city being
divided into five districts; West
Troy, Green Island, and Center Island
forming a sixth district. The ringing
of alarms and the tolling of the dis-
tricts were intrusted to the patrol-
men of the Capitol Police. In the
fall of 1868, the common council con-
tracted for the construction, in the city,
of the fire telegraph system of Game-
well & Co. On March 25, 1869, it
was completed, having forty-three sig-
nal stations ; the signal number being
struck on St. Paul's, St. Mary's and
St. Peter's church bells. There are
now seventy-one signal stations, two
of which are duplicates :

3 Glen Avenue and River St.

4 Douw and River Sts.

5 Oakwood Av. and Elm St.

6 Middleburgh and Ninth Sts.
8 Eddy Steamer House.

12 Ninth St., near North Adams.

13 Jay and River Sts.

14 Troy and Boston Freight House.

15 Oakwood Ave. Foundry.

16 Hoosick and North Second Sts.

17 Hoosick and Eighth Sts.
21 Hutton and River Sts.

23 Hutton and North Third Sts.

24 Hutton and Ninth Sts.

25 Eagle and Twelfth Sts.

31 Jacob and King Sts.

32 Jacob and Eighth Sts.

34 Federal and River Sts.

35 Federal and North Fourth Ste.

36 Grand Division and N. Third Sts.

37 Grand Division and Eighth Sts.

41 Fulton and River Sts.

42 Fulton and Fifth Sts.

43 Broadway and Second St.

45 Broadway and Fourth St.

46 Broadway and Seventh St.

51 State and River Sts.

52 State & Third Sts., R6ad House.

53 State and Union Sts.

54 Congress and Second Sts.

56 Congress and Fourth Sts.

57 Congress and Seventh Sts.

58 Congress and Farm Sts.

61 Ferry and River Sts.

62 Ferry and Fifth Sts.

63 Division and Third Sts.
73 Gilbert Car Works. G. I.

121 Libeity and River Sts.

122 Liberty and Second Sts.

123 Liberty and Fifth Sts.

124 Adams and River Sts.

125 Adams & Second, Osgood H*se.

126 Adams, near Fourth St.

131 Ida and Second Sts.

132 Jefferson and Sixth Sts.

133 Spring Ave. and Infirmary Road.

134 Madison and River Sts.

135 Madison and Third Sts.

136 Monroe and First Sts.

137 Catholic Male Orphan Asyluna.

141 Jackson and Third Sts.

142 Harrison and Second Sts.

144 Second and Fourth Sts.

145 Burden's Steam Mill.

146 Fourth and Mill Sts.

151 Bessemer Steel Works.

152 Stanton Steamer House.

153 Burden's Water Mill.

154 Campbell Highway.

155 Campbell H*y and Spring Av.

156 County House.

161 Thirteenth and South Sts.

162 Fourteenth and Congress Sts.

163 Tompkins's Machine Shop.

164 Brunswick Av. and Congress St

165 Brunswick and Highland Avs.

166 Marshall Infirmary.

127

1 71 Pawling and Maple Avs.

172 Pawling Av. & Wash. St., Albia.
Alarms of fire are sounded by strik-
ing the number of the signal station
on St. Paul's, St. Joseph's, St. Mary's,
St. Patrick's, and St. Peter's church
bells and the gongs in the engine
houses. Three consecutive strokes,
followed by an interval of twelve
seconds, signifies that the alarm was
given at box 3, at the corner of Glen
Avenue and River Street; three
strokes, with an interval of five sec-
onds, followed by five strokes, signifies
box 35, at the comer of Federal and
North Fourth streets ; one stroke, with
an interval of five seconds, then seven
strokes, with an interval of five sec-
onds, then two strokes, signifies box
172, at Albia. The number of the
box is repeated after intervals of
twelve seconds.

One stroke indicates that the fire is
extinguished or under control. Two
strokes repeated four times, with
intervals of twelve seconds between
each two, form a call-signal for the
chief engineer and assistant engineers
to repair to the chief engineer's office
at the Arba Read engine-house. Ten
strokes call all the engines and hose
carriages to the fire, of which an
alarm has been previously sounded.
Andrew D. Collins was superintend-
ent of the fire alarm telegraph from
1869 to November, 1883, since which
time James Knibbs has been superin-
tendent of it.

Fire Department, Troy.—

The earliest known measures taken to
establish a fire department by the
trustees of the village of Troy were
those consequent upon the act passed
by the legislature March 25, 1794,
authorizing ihe trustees ** to compel
the housekeepers " to provide them-
selves with a sufficient number of fire-
buckets and the necessary tools and

implements to extinguish fires, and to
impose such fines on the negligent as
the majority of the freeholders should
deem proper, no fine to exceed
forty shillings. The trustees were to
elect *' with all convenient speed " a
a number of firemen, not to exceed
fifteen, to have the care and manage-
ment of the fire-engine. It was not
until 1798 that the organization of the
village fire department was under-
taken. Then Benjamin Covell, Moses
Vail, David Buel. George Tibbits,
Daniel Merritt, and Ebenezer Jones
were appointed fire wardens, who had
control of the firemen and the fire ap-
paratus, and wore when present at
fires white covers on their hats and
carried white rods in their hands as
designations of their official authority
on such occasions. The company,
known afterward as

Premier Engine Company, was
organized in 1798, with the following
members: Henry Bayner, Joseph
Brintnall, Silas Covell, Stephen Co-
veil, Jonathan Davis, Simon Good-
win, Jacob A. Hart. Richard P. Hart,
Stephen H. Herrick, Isaac Merritt,
Leonard Reed, Amos Salisbury, and
Henry Townsend. That year a sec-
ond-hand fire-engine was purchased
in New York by the trustees. It had
a water-trough about nine feet long,
twenty inches high, and thirty wide,
on which was an upright box, about
three feet high, in which were pipes
and valves. Through a goose-neck
pipe, protruding from the top of the
box, water was forced from the trough
by treadles and brakes. A stream an
inch and a half in diameter could be
thrown from the engine upon the roof
of any two-story building near it.
The engine was drawn on four wooden
wheels, each a foot and a half in di-
ameter, sawn from a thick oaken
plank, and hooped with iron.

The property-holders were required
by the fire ordinance to have hanging

128

in an accessible part of their dwellings
and places of business two leathern
buckets, each having the owner's
name and a designating number
painted on it. The capable men of
the village were instructed to deport
themselves at the time of a fire in the
following manner by the village news-
paper: First, seize the fire-buckets
immediately, and repair to the spot;
let the mind be as composed as possi-
ble, and at the same time behave with
the greatest activity and energy.
Second, those who live most contigu-
ous to the engine, together with the
firemen, should immediately repair to
it, and have the engine under way,
also the fire-hooks, and ladders, and
axes, to be on the spot at the same
instant, and when at the place of ac-
tion, there ought to be the most pro-
found silence observed, except from
the trustees and fire-wardens."

The first engine-house of the first
company was a small structure of
boaixls on the south side of the court-
house, on Second Street. (See page
87.) In later years the engine-house
was a building designated as No. 21
State Street. The last engine belong-
ing to the company was a third-class
one, piano style, built by A. Van Ness,
in 1850. The company was discon-
tinued from service August 23, 1861,
and disbanded, September 5, that
year.

While the first market-house was
standing in State Street, between
First and Second Streets, from 1800
to 1806, the fire-ladders and hooks
hung on the south and north sides of
of the building. The second fire-
company, known as

Neptune Engine Company No. 2
was organized, June 20, 1803. Its
last engine was built by S. Davis &
Son, Troy, in 1850; the engine-house
being at No. 23 State Street. The
company was discontinued in August,
1 861, and disbanded September 5, that

year. The company paid the tuition
of a large number of children attend-
ing the Lancasterian and other schools
in the city. The names of 279 schol-
ars who thus gratuitously received in-
struction appear on the records of the
company.

Washington Volunteer Fire
Company, an independent organiza-
tion, was incorporated May 26, 1812.
(See Washington Volunteer Fire
Company).

Engine Company No. 3 was or-
ganized February i, 1821. It was
changed to a hose company, Decem-
ber, 1834, and became the Franklin
Hose Company.

Engine Company No. 4 was or-
ganized January 6, 1825. It was
changed to a hose company, October
7. 1837, subsequently known as Eagle
Hose Company, No. 10. On July 3,
1845, it again became an engine
company, known as Eagle En-
gine Company No. 10. On Septem-
ber 16, 1847, all the members re-
signed. It was re-organized. March
14, 1848, under the same name. (See
Eagle Engine Company No. 10).

Torrent Engine Company No. 4
was organized August 2, 1838. The
company disbanded. May 20, 1841,
and was re-organized, September i,

1842. Again it disbanded, August 3.

1843, and was reorganized. November
2, 1843. The company was discon-
tinued, in August, 1861, and dis-
banded, September 5, that year. Its
engine-house was on Congress Street,
Ida Hill.

Empire State Engine Company
No. 5 was organized March i, 1821.
Its last engine was built, in 185 1, by
John Rogers, Albany. The engine-
house was at the Iron Works. (See
Edmond Stanton Steam Fire En-
gine Company No. 6.)

130

Hope Engine Company No. 6 was
organized May 20, 1826. Its engine-
house was in Albia, on the northwest
comer of Brunswick Avenue and
Washington Street. (See Hope Steam
Fire Engine Company No. 7.)

Niagara Engine Company No. 7
was organized May 27, 1828. Its last
engine was made by Jeffers, Paw-
tucket, R. I., in 1857. The engine-
house was No. 134 Second Street.
(See Jason C. Osgood Steam Fire
Engine Company No. 3.)

Cataract Engine Company No. 8
was organized August 2, 1832. It
was disbanded September 10, 1851,
but was reorganized and remained in
service until September 5, i86r, when
it disbanded. Its last engine was
built by W. E. Worth, Albany. The
engine-house was at No. 12 Federal
Street, in the same building with
Eagle Engine No. 10.

Rough and Ready Engine Com-
pany No. 9 was organized September
21, 1837, as Hydraulic Engine Com-
pany No. 9. In 1863, it took the name
of Rongh and Ready Engine Company
No. 9. Its last engine was made
by Hunneman, Boston, Mass., and
was housed at No. 9 River Street,
near the State Dam. In 1865, the
company was reorganized as Rough
and Ready Hose Company No. 4.
(See Charles Eddy Steam Fire
Engine Company No. 4.)

Lafayette Engine Company No.
10 was organized August 15, 1839.
Its last engine was built by Jeffers.
Its engine-house was on Ida Hill.
(See F. W. Farnam Steam Fire En-
gine Company No. 5.)

Eagle Engine Company No. io
was organized July 13, 1845. On
September 16, 1847, the members
resigned. The company was re-
organized March 14, 1848. On De-

cember 20, i860, the company became
Eagle Steam Fire Engine Company
No. 2. (See Hugh Ranken Steam
Fire Engine Company No. 2.) The
company's last hand- engine was built
by Tarboss & Co. It was housed at
No. 14 Federal Street.

JEtna Engine Company No. 12
was organized in 1846, and in 1857
became

HiBERNiA Engine Company No.
12. Its engine was housed on Madi-
son Street. The company was dis-
continued in 1863.

Good Intent Engine Company
Company No. 13, an independent
organization, was formed in 1850, and
discontinued in 1856. Its engine-
house was on Batavia Street.

Franklin Hose Company No. i
was organized December 18, 1834,
from Engine Company No. 3. On
January i, 1835, it took the name of
Franklin Hose Company No. i. The
hose-house was in Franklin Street,
near the court-house.

Phcenix Hose Company, organi-
zed in 1840, was discontinued in 1851.

General Wool Hose Company
No. 2, organized February i., 1859,
was discontinued in 1861. The hose-
house was at No. 19 State Street.

Union Hose Company No. 3,
organized February i, 1859, existed
about one year. The hose-house was
at No. 7 Hoosick Street.

Hall Hose Company, organized
December, 1859, ^^^ discontinued,
January i, 1871.

J. C. Taylor Hose Company No.
3 was formed in i860. (See Charles
Eddy Steam Fire Engine Company
No. 4.)

131

Hook and Ladder Company No.
I, organized February i6, 1826, was
discontinaed» in 1857.

Union Hook and Ladder Com-
pany No. 2, organized, April 5, 1832,
was discontinued in 1874. I'tie hose-
house was at the Iron Works.

Trojan Hook and Ladder Com-
pany No. 3, organized February 5,
1835. (See Trojan Hook and Lad-
der Company No. 3), j>0Bt id.

In 1831, the apparatus of the Troy
fire department comprised 8 fire en-
gines, 5 hose carts, with 2,200 feet of
hose, I hook and ladder truck, with 5
ladders, 6 hooks, 8 axes and 31 fire
buckets. The membership of the five
companies and of the hook and ladder
company included 275 men.

The department, on March 10,
1859, consisted of 5 engines, 461
members of engine companies, 90
members of hose companies, 83 mem-
bers of the hook and ladder com-
panies ; total members, 634. There
were 12 engine companies, each hav-
ing a hose tender, 3 hose companies,
and 2 hook and ladder companies.
There were 8,000 feet of hose in use.

On April 13, 1861, the act was
passed by the legislature " to organize
a fire department and board of fire
commissioners in and for the city of
Troy." As constituted by the act,
the board of fire comissioners consists
of seven persons, one of whom is the
mayor of the city, ex-officio^ the six
being elected by the common council,
to serve for six years. On the first
Monday in December of each year a
fire commissioner is elected by the
common council. The board appoints
the chief engineer and his assistants,
who, under the direction of the com-
missioners, control and command the
firemen of the city. The office of the
fire commissioners is on the third floor
of the Arba Read engine-house, on

the northwest comer of Third and
State streets. The first commission-
ers, designated in the act of April 13,
1 861, were Jason C. Osgood, Jonas C.
Heartt, Isaac W. Crissey, Otis G.
Clark, William Gurley, and Hugh
Ranken. When the board assumed
control of the fire department, on
May I, 1861, it consisted of two
steam-engine companies, eleven hand-
engine companies, three hose compa-
nies, and two hook and ladder com-
panies. In their first report, the com-
missioners adverted to the demoraliza-
tion caused by the use of hand engines:
** The spirit of emulation among rival
companies had been carried to such a
pitch that serious disputes character-
ized every fire ; and a committee of
the common council found busy occu-
pation in acting as judges and media-
tors. The most anno3ring offshoot of
this competition was the system of
false alarms, which were of daily, and
more than nightly occurrence. Be-
yond the disturbance and expenses
of such breaches of discipline, several
fires were allowed to attain alarming
headway and entail severe losses, in
consequence of many eflBcient mem-
bers and companies of the fire depart-
ment having regarded the alarms
sounded as false, as so many at that
time were. Persons residing near en-
gine houses were loud in their com-
plaints of riotous conduct therein and
thereabouts. In fact, the fire depart-
ment had begun to be regarded in the
light of a great social evil, as the re-
sult of the presence of improper men
and boys who were suffered to connect
themselves with a few of the compa-
nies. » » » Formerly intoxica-
ting drinks were served from the decks
of engines without arresting even a
word of censure. The fire depart-
ment has ceased to be regarded as a
training school for rowdyism."

The companies of the present de-
partment embrace the following :

132

Washington Volunteer Fire
Company. The company was organ-
izea May 26. 181 2. By the petition
of Leonard Reed, Jeremiah Dauchy,
Russell W. Lewis, George Vail, Han-
ford N. Lockwood, and others, the
company was incorporated by an act
of the legislature passed May 26.
1812. The company was permitted
to hold property not exceeding the
value of fifteen hundred dollars ; the
stock being divided into twenty-five
shares, each having the value of sixty-.
two dollars and fifty cents, one share
being held by each member of the
company ; the number of members
being twenty-five. An engine was ob-
tain^ from Abel Hardenbrook of
New York, for $550, similar to the
goose-neck engines of the period, with
a suction, and having a hose-reel on
the top. An engine-house was
built on the lot granted the
company by Derick Van der Hey-
den, on the west side of Fourth
Street, about seventy-five feet north
of Fulton Street. The engine was
housed after April, 1820, in the build-
ing on the market-house lot, now the
site of the Arba Read steamer house.
During the great fire of Tuesday after-
noon, June 20, 1820, the engine nar-
rowly escaped burning while drawn
along River Street to State Street.
For nearly a week it was in service
playing water on the smouldering
ruins. In 1823, the engine was kept
in a house on the ship-yard, now the
site of Fulton Market In 1824, it
was again housed on the northwest
comer of Third and State streets.
In 1843, the hose reel was removed
from the engine, which was then re-
paired and repainted. A picture of
Thetis weeping over the dead body of
Achilles, and one of ancient Troy burn-
ing in the distance, were painted on
the engine by A. B. Moore. In De-
cember, 1843, the apparatus was
placed in the new brick engine-house

on the site of the Second Precinct Sta-
tion House, on State Street. In De-
cember of the following year, the en-
gine was sold to the trustees of Union
Village, for $280, and the apparaius
of Company No. 7 of Albany pur-
chased for I400. The latter is de-
scribed as the first piano-deck en-
gine owned in Troy, having been
built by John Rogers of Albany.
In 1851, it was sold for $500, and a
new one, made by Silas Davis & Son
of Troy, was purchased in November
of that year. Sixty men could find
positions at the brakes, but the ap-
paratus having been found too heavy
tor use, it was sold with the hose-cart,
in October, 1854, to the city of Fon-
du-Lac, Wisconsin, for $1,200. In
1855, a new engine, made by L. But-
ton & Co., of Waterford, was pur-
chased, the box, a mahogany one, being
set on springs. On April 19, 1864, the
company received a steam fire-engine,
made by Button & Blake of Water-
ford, the cost of which was $2,150.
The hand-engine was sold to the vil-
lage of Trumansbuigh, Tompkins
County. N. Y., for $1,000. The com-
pany made overtures to the fire com-
missioners for the appointment and
payment of an engineer for the steam-
er, but they were not accepted. Wil-
liam Bailey was then mude engineer
by the company, who held the posi-
tion untU April 15, 1867, when he
was appointed engineer of the Ranken
steamer. Jerome E. DeFreest suc-
ceeded him, and still retains the office.
On August 2, 1865, the engine-house
on State Street having been transfered
to the use of the Capital Police, the
steamer was taken to the old
Franklin Hose Company's house,
on the west side of the alley,
at the rear of the court-house.
On March 22, 1868, the fire commis-
sioners agreed to pay the company
annually, from May i, 1865, the sum
of $650 to meet its current expenses.

133

On October 20, 1867, the engineer of
the steamer was placed under full pay
by the Troy fire department. On
December 31, 1872, the company
occupied its two story, brick house, on
the northeast comer of Third and
Division streets. In December, T874,
a team of horses was purchased for
the company, which previously had
drawn its engines by hand. On the
morning of July 20, 1876, five mem-
bers of the company were drowned in
the Hudson, below the Iron Works,
by the sinking of the steam-
yacht Stella, caused by swells
from the steamboat City of Troy:
George £. Broomfield, Jonas C.
Faulkner, A. Gregory Fox, Thomas
Edgley, and Henry Majrnicke. The
first officers of the company were
Hezekiah Williams, captain ; Russell
W. Lewis, treasurer; and Henry
Nazro, secretary.

Present number of officers and mem-
bers, 65.

Captains : Hezekiah Williams, 181 2;
Russell W. Lewis, 1813-1814 ; Heze-
kiah Williams, 1815-1829 ; Robert D.
Silliman, 1830-34 ; G. V. S. Quack en-
en bush, 1835-37 ; Charles W. dom-
ing, 1838-39 ; John T. McCoun. 1840;
James Corning, 1841-43 ; E. Thomp-
son Gale, 1844, to May, 1849 '•> Charles
W. Tillinghast, from May, 1849;
James H. Congdon, 1850; William
£. Hagan» 1851 : Gerrit Quacken-
bush, 1852 ; S. Nelson Derrick, 1853;
Alfred A. Wotkyns, 1854 ; Calvin S.
Sill, 1855; Lewis A. Rousseau, 1856;
Richard F. Hall, 1857-58 ; Nathan
Dauchy, 2d. 1859-60; Richard F.
Hall. 1860-66; William E Gilbert,
1866 ; J. Lansing Lane, 1867-74 ; A.
N. Sage, 1874-76 ; Henry Collings,
1877 ; Elias P. Mann, 1878-79 ; John
A. Brannan, 1880-81; Henry Col-
lings, 1882-86.

Area Read Steam Fire-Engine
Company No. i. The purchase of a
steam fire-engine, having for some time

been discussed by some of the citizens
of Troy, a paper containing the fol-
lowing agreement was circulated in
the fall of 1859 : ** For the purpose of
demonstrating the feasibility of using
steam apparatus for service in extin-
guishing fires in the city of Troy, the
undersigned associate themselves to
form a company for the purpose of
purchasing and putting into effective
use a good and efficient steam fire-
engine ; such a company to be organ-
ized distinct from the present fiie de-
partment ; to control its own affairs
and select its own officers when or-
ganized; all property purchased by
them to be the property of the associ-
ation and subject to their govern-
ment." Lee & Lamed, manufacturers
of steam fire-engines in New York,
having jieen requested to exhibit in
the city an engine made by them, sent
by the Francis Skiddy a light steam
fire-engine designed to be drawn by
men or horses. On Monday morning,
November 7, 1859, it reached the city
and was drawn to Washington Square,
where it remained until noon, and was
inspected by a large number of peo-
ple. Then it was taken to the wharf
at Division Street, where it was tested.
Meanwhile many signatures were sub-
scribed to the circulated paper, and a
considerable sum of money promised
to buy a steam fire-engine. On No-
vember 23, a committee was appointed
to visit Boston, New York, ana Phila-
delphia to examine the steamers used
in those cities and to report upon the
best to be obtained. On December
13, the committee reported and was
authorized to purchase an engine. On
the following day the contract for
making one was given to the Amos-
keag Manufacturing Company of Man-
chester, N. H. On December 19, the
constitution and by-laws of the Arba
Read Steam Fire Engine Company
were adopted. On Monday night,
January 9, f 860, the following persons

134

were elected its officers : William Bar-
ton, president ; Lewis L. Sonthwick,
vice president ; William T. Willard,
secretary ; Townsend M. Vail, treas-
urer; Nathaniel B. Starbuck, captain;
Edward H. Chapin, first assistant;
Elam N. Buel» second assistant ; Eli-
jah W. Stoddard, third assistant On
March 28, the Arba Read steamer ar-
rived by the Troy and Greenbush
Railroad, and on the following day a
public trial of the engine was made
on the wharf, west of Fuller, Warren,
& Co.'s store. The engine-house,
next north of the company's present
one, on the northwest corner of Third
and State streets, was built in i860,
and the steamer was placed in it.
The " law relating to the establish-
ment and organization of a steam fire-
company of the city of Troy " passed
by the common council, February 16,
i860, designated the members of the
Arba Read Steam Fire Engine Com-
pany No. I as firemen of the city, lim-
iting their number to sixty persons,
and permitting the company to man-
age its own affairs under the supervi-
sion of the mayor, or, in his absence
from the city, under that of the alder-
men of the ward in which the com-
pany was on duty. The last provision
was made to protect the company from
any malevolent acts of the hand en-
gine companies hostile to the organi-
zation of a steam fire-engine company.
On May 24, i860, a span of black
horses was purchased for the com-
pany; price $450. On January i,
1862, the trustees of the company
leased the engine, horses, hose and
hose carriage to the city without com-
pensation. The present three-story,
brick building occupied by the com-
pany was erected in 1875. On
December 16, 1875, the company re-
ceived a self-propelling steam engine
from the Amoskeag Manufacturing
Company, and after an unsatisfactory
trial of it exchanged it, in August,

1876, for the one now used by the
company.

James Knibbs was appointed en-
gineer of the company, February, i860,
which position he filled until Decem-
ber I, 1863 ; from which time William
H. Bradt has been engineer.

Present number of officers and mem-
bers, 39.

Captains: Nathaniel B. Starbuck,
1860-61; E. W. Stoddard, 1861;
Lewis L. Southwick, 1862-64 ; Wm.
G. Crissey, 1865 ; James H. Ingram,
1866-68; Edward M. Green, 1869;
Lansing Smith, 1870-75 ; Henry A.
Deming, 1876; Isaac F. Handy, 1877;
Mark H. Hubbell, 1878 ; Melville S.
Marble. 1879-80; Herbert M. Caswell,
1881 ; William J. Macdonald, 1882-83;
Herbert M. Caswell, 1884 ; Percy B.
McCoy, 1885 ; James H. Lloyd, 1886.

Arba Read Steamer Company,
composed of the active and honorary
members of the Arba Read Steam
Fire-Engine Company No. I, was in-
corporated, March 18, 1885, as a social
club, with the following trustees:
Percy B. McCoy, John Squires, James
C. Wilbur, John M. Sherrerd, and
Frank L. Parker. The first officers
elected by the trustees were John
Squires, president ; John M. Sher-
rerd, secretary and treasurer. A room
above the old engine house was suita-
bly furnished as a club-room for the
members of the organization. On
February i, 1886, its first officers were
re-elected to the positions mentioned.
Personal property, $2,500.

Hugh Ranken Steam Fire-En-
GiNE Company No. 2. In the spring
of 1858, several of the members of
Eagle Engine Company No. 10, de-
siring to have the organization pro-
vided with a steam fire-engine,
proposed to build one for $1,500
should the common council authorize
them to construct it. The aldermen,
it seems, did not give the proposal

185

consideration. On September 28,
i860, at the annual exhibition of the
Rensselaer County Agricultural and
Manufacturers* Society, there was a
public trial of a number of steam fire-
engines built by American manu-
facturers. Being solicited to sub-
scribe money to purchase the No. 2
engine exhibited by the Amoskeag
Manufacturing Company for Eagle
Engine Company No. 10, a num-
ber of citizens advanced $2,750
.for that purpose. The engine was
purchased on September 28, and on
the evening of that day was placed in
the engine-house of the company on
Federal Street. On December 20,
the common council changed the name
of Eagle Engine Company No. 10 to
Steam Fire-Engine Company No. 2.
and on April i, 1861, changed that of
the latter to Hugh Ranken Steam
Fire-Engine Company No. 2. The
common council having appropriated
$2,250 to repay the sums advanced by
the citizens, the engine became the
property of the city. The first en-
gineer of the steamer was Roswell R.
Morgan. In 1862, he was succeeded
by Thomas H. Bailey, who in turn,
in 1867, was succeeded by his brother,
William Bailey, who is still the en-
gineer of the steamer. When the en-
gine-house. No. 14 Federal Street, was
burned May 10, 1862, the steamer was
temporarily housed at Cozzens* North-
em Hotel, and afterward in the house
previously occupied by Niagara En-
gine Company No. 7, on Second
Street. The new engine-house, built
of brick, two stories high, on the site
of the old structure, was occupied by
the company on February 14, 1863.
The present building was erected in
1885. Its occupation by the com-
pany was celebrated on Thursday eve-
ning, April 23, 1885.

Present number of ofiicers and mem-
bers, 35.

Captains : George W. Shepard,

1861-63; Charles F. Green, 1863-66;
H. B. Harvey, 1867; Chas. F. Green,
1868; H. B. Harvey, 1869; Chas. H.
McGrath, 1870-72 ; Albert R. Corse,
1873 ; W, G. Mackey, 1874-75 ; Ed-
ward J. McKenna, 1876 ; Levi B.
Gardner, 1877 ; Patrick J. Fitzgerald,
1878-81; Andrew J. Forrest, 1882-83;
Edward P. Green, 1884-85 ; Michael
J. Quirk, 1886.

Jason C. Osgood Steam Fire En-
gine Company No. 3. On January
14, 1862, the first steamer belonging
to the company reached Troy, and
was housed tor a time in the building.
No. 130 Second Street, occupied by
Niagara Engine Company No. 7. The
latter company was discontinued on
January 23, and from 4ts members
was formed Jason C. Osgood Steam
Fire Engine Company No. 3. An-
drew D. Collins was the company's
first engineer. A two-story, brick
house was erected for the company in
1862, on the south side of Adams
Street, between First and Second
streets. In 1865, it was taken by the
city for the use of the Capital Police.
The present engine-house, on the
southwest corner of Adams and Sec-
ond streets, was built in 1865-66.

Present engineer, Alfred Cook.

Present number of officers and
members, 38.

Captains: James McKeon, 1862-
63; Michael Riley, 1864; Edgar
Ballou. 1865-66; Martin Payne,
1867; Moses C. Green, 1868; Samuel
Hudson, 1869-70; William T. Mc-
Crea, 1871-72; George S. Bos-
worth, jr.. 1873 ; M. H. Arts, 1874;
I. Seymour Scott, 1875-78 ; Adel-
bert T. Burdick, 1879-80; Frank-
lin Moore, 1881 ; Thomas B. Bran-
nan, 1882-83 ; William H. Donahue,
1884-86.

Charles Eddy Steam Fire En-
gine Company No. 4. The company
was organized November 21, 1866,

136

from the membership of the J. C. Tay-
lor Hose Company No. 3, and the
Rough and Ready Hose Company
No. 4. The steamer, purchased from
the Amoskeag Manufacturing Com-
pany, cost $4,250, and was put in ser-
vice May 22, 1867. The two-story,
brick engine-house, built in 1866, on
the northeast comer of River and
North streets, was occupied by the
company in May, 1S67. The com-
pany was reorganized October 6,
1876. Michael Gillen has been en-
gineer of the company since Feb-
ruary, 1880.

Present number of officers and mem-
bers, 48.

Captains : Henry Davis, jr., 1866-67 ;
Charles H. Hitchcock, 1868-72 : Ar-
thur Tilley, 1873 ; George L. Tyler,
1874; G. A. Hitchcock. 1875-76;
George Tyler, 1876 ; Thomas Terry,
1877 ; Robert Seitz, 1878-80 ; Henry
H. Plum, i88i ; W. H. Ransley,
1882-83 ; R. H. Walsh, 1884 ; John
E. Gaitley, 1885-86.

F. W. Farnam Steam Fire-En-
GiNE Company No. 5. The company
was organized July 17, 1871, from the
members of Lafayette Engine Com-
pany N. 10. The first steamer of the
company was built by L. Button &
Son, in 1871. The company's two-
story, brick engine-house, on the south
side of Congress Street, Ida Hill, was
built in 1876. The present engine
used by the company was built by the
Button Fire Engine Company of
Waterford, and was delivered to the
company July 3, 1885. James Pollock
has been engineer of the company
since 1871.

Present number of officers and mem-
bers. 29.

Captains : John W. Rogers. 1872 ;
James Crossen, 1873-76 ; George A.
Crawford, 1877 ; Wm. M. Peckham,
1878-79; Thomas Wells, 1880; Rob-
ert T. Cary, 1881-82; Morgan A.

Allen, 1883 ; John Mackey, 1884-85 ;
George Patterson, 1886.

Edmond Stanton Steam Fi re-
Engine Company No. 6. The com-
pkny was organized January 23, 1873,
from the members of Empire State
Engine Company No. 5. The first
steamer of the company was built by
Clapp & Jones. The engine was re-
ceived November 30, 187a. The
present one was made at the Man-
chester Locomotive Works, Manches-
ter, N. H. The name of the Empire
State Engine Company No. 5 was
changed to the present one, Janu-
ary 23, 1873, The company's two-
story, brick engine-house on the
south side of Mill Street, at the
Iron Works, was erected in 1877.
Timothy Connors is the company's
present engineer.

Present number of officers and mem-
bers, 46.

Captains : Thomas Smith, 1873-76;
Patrick M. Stanton. 1877; Dennis
Gleason, 1878; Thomas Keating,
1879 ; William H. Latham. 1880-81 ;
John Ryan. 1882-83 ; Hubert Mad-
den, 1884-86.

Hope Steam Fire Engine Com-
pany, No. 7. The company, or-
ganized. May 20. 1826, received,
in May, 1882, the steamer built by
the Clapp & Jones Manufacturing
Company, of Hudson, N. Y.. used
for a number of years by Edmond
Stanton Steam Fire Engine Company
No. 6. Lyman Rysdorph was made
engineer of the steamer in 1882. which
position he still retains. The engine
is now temporarily housed in a two-
story, brick building, on the south
side of Washington Street, Alb; a.
The company has. as yet, no horses
to draw the engine. The engine-
house, to be built in 1886, will be on
the southeast corner of Pawling Ave-
nue and the Gristmill road, at the
west end of the village of Albia,

187

Present number of officers and mem-
bers, 23.

Captains: James Chapman, i860;
E. Winters, 1861 ; James Anderson,
1862-64; Jacob Winters, 1865-66;
John Bloomingdale, 1867, Norman
Schermerhom, 1868 ; S. McNaugh-
ton , 1869 ; Jacob Winters, 1870 ; C.
H. Clark. 1871 ; Jacob Wmters, 1872-
75 ; R. H. Uline, 1876 ; Abram Mil-
ler. 1877-79; William M. Watson,
i88a-8i ; Hiram A. Ford, 1882-84 ;
Albert Minkler, 1885-86.

Trojan Hook and Ladder Com-
pany No. 3. The company was or-
ganized February 5, 1835, in a frame
building occupying the site of the
Hugh Ranken Steam Fire-Engine
Company's engine-house. The com-
pany's first truck was a plainly con-
structed vehicle. In 1854, another
truck was purchased, which had
been built by W. H. Tarboss, New
York, for a company in New Orleans.
The truck-house at No. 14 Federal
S'reet was burned in the great fire of
May 10, 1862. Afterward the truck
was for a time housed at Cozzens'
Northern Hotel, and subsequently at
the engine-house in State Street. The
company occupied its present two
story, brick building, at Franklin
Square, in the latter part of April,
1865. The Hayes extension ladder,
truck, and fire escape, now used by the
company, was purchased in 1884.

Captains : J. J. Firth. 1857 ; L- S.
Bunnell, 1858-60; J. Crawford Gieen,
1861-65 ; Sidney Wright, 1866-67 ;
J. Ciawford Green, 1868 ; D. F. Ma-
gill. 1869 ; O. S. Ingram, 1870-81 ;
H. C. Salisbury, 1882-86.

Trojan Hook and Ladder Com-
pany was incorporated. March I, t886,
as a social club, with the following
managers: Henry C. Salisbury, Ed-
waid R. Wales. Albert Harrison, Ed-
ward A. Wager, ^dwin Morrison, Os-
man F. Kinloch, Arthur M. Wight,

James Q. Godson, and Eugene C.
Packard.

The Troy fire department possesses
eight steam fire-engines, two hook
and ladder trucks, eight hose carts,
eighteen thousand eight hundred feet
of cotton and leather hose, twenty-
four horses and seven wagons. The
department for many years has been
widely known for its unequalled effi-
ciency and the remarkable intrepidity
displayed by its officers and members
in successfully combating with the
flames of alarming fires.

The present fire commissioners are
Elias P. Mann, president of the
board, Dennis O'Loughlin, Edmond
Stanton, Albert Tompkins, William
Ranken. and John M. Galligan.

Chief engineer, J. Lansing Lane ;
first assistant engineer, (northern dis-
trict), Charles F. Green ; second as-
sistant engineer, (southern district),
Patrick Byron.

Fire Department, Trustees
of the. — The board of trustees of
the fire department of the city of
Troy was incorporated by the act
passed by the legislature. May 7, 1880.
The act empowered " the members of
each steam engine company, hand en-
gine company, hook and ladder com-
pany, and hose company, under the
control of the board of fire commis-
sioners of the city * * * at the
annual election for officers, on the
first Monday of January in each year,
or on any other day to which said an-
nual election shall be postponed," to
elect from their own number two
persons, to be known as trustees of the
fire department. The object of the
corporation is to provide, maintain,
and control a fund for the relief of
indigent and disabled firemen, and of
the widows and orphans of deceased
firemen who have been members of the
Troy fire department. The trustees
are authorized to receive all moneys

138

due from agents of insurance compa-
nies doing business in the city of Troy,
as provided by the laws of the state,
and to disburse the same and the in-
come arising therefrom for the object
mentioned. The principal officers of
the board of trustees are Thomas E.
Byron, president ; A. L. Fowler, sec-
retary; and Thomas A. Dowling,
treasurer.

Firemen's Association, Ex-
empt. — The organization known as
the Exempt Firemen's Association of
the city of Troy, composed of exempt
firemen who have received, or who
have become entitled to receive, cer-
tificates of discharge by reason of hav-
ing served the term of years required
by the law of the Troy fire depart-
ment, also active firemen of the de-
partment, and also the active and ex-
empt members of the Wist Troy,
Green Island, Cohoes, Lansingburgh
and Waterford fire departments, was
formed in Troy, on August 26, 1873.
The object of the association is to
maintain and perpetuate the social re-
lations of the fitemen of the depart-
ment, and " to provide a benefit fund
for the relief of the family of a mem-
ber who may be removed by death."
The association was incorporated May
10, 1886. Present principal officers :

John M. Galligan, president; Thomas
. Jennings, secretary; Joel B.
Thompson, treasurer.

Fires. — Three large conflagrations
have occurred in the city, and de-
stroyed real and personal property val-
ued at $4,000,000.

Fire of 1820. This conflagration
began on Tuesday afternoon, at four
o'clock, June 20, 1820, in the stable
belonging to Colonel Thomas Davis,
in the rear of his residence,, on the
west side of First Street, now the site
of the building No. 35 First Street.

The wind was blowing from the south,
and the fire had a rapid course north-
wardly. The buildings burned on the
west side of River Street covered the
space, from Dr. Samuel Gale's drug
store (now a part of the building No.
163 River Street, occupied by John L.
Thompson, Sons, & Co.), to Coming
& Co.'s drue store, (now No. 227
River Street.) On the east side of
River Street, all the buildings were
burned, from H. & G. VaiPs dry-
goods store, No. 158, opposite Dr.
Samuel Gale's drug-store, to the cor-
ner of River and First streets. On
First Street, the fire consumed all the
buildings, except the building of the
Bank of Troy, which was somewhat
damaged, from atid includinj; the two-
story, wooden dwelling of Colonel
Thomas Davis, to the corner of First
and River streets. The buildings on
State Street, between River and First
streets, were also burned. The build-
ings along the river, west of those on
River Street, were also consumed.
About 90 buildings, in the business
part of the city, were burned, of which
were 69 stores and dwellings. Fire-
men and fire engines from Albany,
Lansingburgh, Waterford, and the
Watervliet Arsenal generously assisted
the firemen and citizens of Troy to
confine the flames to as small an area
as possible. The mayor of the city,
Esaias Warren, made a public appeal
for aid through the newspapers, to re-
lieve the wants of the impoverished
people, and a local committee was ap-
pointed to distribute such donations
as were forwarded thereafter to the
distressed city. On March 19, 1821,
the relief committee reported the re-
ceipt of $14,252.49, and also of
flour, provisions, vegetables, clothing,
and household furniture. The city
of New York contributed $6,227.35.
The total loss of propertv was es-
timated at $700,000. The Rens-
selaer and Saratoga Insurance Com-

FIELD OF THE FIRE OF 1 820.

140

pany of Troy paid losses amount-
ing to $110,000 within sixty days
after the lire.

On July 4, 1820, the Budget^ de-
scribing the ruins of the burned dis-
trici, remarked: "The immense
quantity of grain, flour, proviMons,
£c., with which many stores four,
five and six stories high Were crowded
full, still bum like a coal-pit, and
such is the depth of the cellars, that
it is quite impracticable totally to ex-
tinguish the fire. It is a singular
fact that whole barrels of wheat flour
have been completely charred by the
late fire, and, without the aid of water,
formed a coal harder than that made
from hard wood. A piece of this coal
was taken from the ruins by a gentle-
man, who kept it some time in his
hands and handed it to others, and
then carried it to Piatt Titus' tavern,
[Troy House], and delivered it to
him to keep until he should leave the
city, as he intended to take it with
him. Piatt Titus laid it in his bar,
and after some time it was discovered
that the coal was on fire, and was
burning so fieely that had it not been
discovered, it is probable the house
would soon have been in flames from
it.*' The fire ordinance, passed by the
common council, July 8, that year,
manifests the extreme carefulness ex-
ercised to protect the city from a simi-
lar calamity : '* No person shall smoke
or carry any lighted or burning segar
or pipe, in any street, alley, bam, sta-
ble, or outhouse in the city, upon pain
of forfeiting and paying for each and
every such offence, the penalty of one
dollar."

All the churches in the city ob-
served July 12, that year, as a day of
public humiliation and prayer.

Fire of 1848. A fire, which be-
gan about 9:30 A. M. on May i,
1848, in a stable in the rear of Hal-
sted's Mechanics' Hall, near the site
of the old armory, burned all the

buildings on the east and west sides
of River Street, between Ferry and
Congress streets. Firemen from Lan-
singburgh. West Troy, and Albany
assisted in suppressing the flames.
The companies from Albany drew
their engine by hand to Troy over a
heavy road.

Fire of 1854. On Friday after-
noon, at I o'clock, August 25, 1854,
the brick, steam planing mill, occu-
pied by George Quiggin, standing on
the southwest corner of Front and Di-
vision streets, was discovered on fire,
and an immediate alarm was given.
A strong northwest wind was blowing,
and the flames spread to the large
piles of lumber south of the mill. As
described by the Troy Daily Times:
•• The fire ran up the south side of
Division to River Street, and com-
municated to the brick row on the
west side of River Street, occupied by
Robert Wasson and others, and it
was with difficulty the residences on
the opposite side were saved. From
this point, it ran down the west side of
River Street to the lumber yards be-
low, crossing over the street and set-
ting fire to the residence of Moses I.
Winne, below Liberty Street, and
thence spreading over the entire sec-
tion of the city from Liberty Street
down to the alley between Second and
Third streets, destrojring many valua-
ble residences, together with £dger-
ton, Sheldon & Osbom's (late Birge's)
chair factory, the Troy and Greenbush
railroad freight depot and machine
shop, Jones & Hitchcock's new and
extensive bell foundry, Parmenter's
machine shop, and other valuable
property." About two hundred build-
ings were destroyed, and three hun-
dred families rendered houseless. It
was estimated that 20,000,000 feet of
lumber were burned. Fire companies,
with their apparatus, came from Al-
bany. West Troy, Cohoes, Lansing-
burgh, and Waterford, and aided the

FIELD OF THE FIRE OF 1854.

142

Troy firemen in opposing the progress
of the flames. The total loss was es-
timated to have been not less than
one million dollars. The sufferers by
this fire received relief from the citi-
zens and from distant benefactors.

Fire of 1862. The great confla-
gration of Saturday afternoon, May
10, 1862, was caused by sparks from
a locomotive lodging in the roof of the
Rensselaer and ^ratoga Railroad
bridge, and setting it on fire. A gale
was blowing from the northwest, and
the wind at once carried the flaming
shingles and glowing brands to the
dry roofs of the numerous building^s
in the central part of the city. Shortly
after noon the alarm was given, and
the firemen and engines quickly ar-
rived at the east end of the burning
bridge. A futile attempt was made
to throw water on the flaming struc-
ture, but the excessive heat and fl3ring
cinders compelled the firemen to aban-
don it. An effort was made to open
the draw to bar the progress of the de-
vouring element, but this was also un-
successfuL Great toneues of flame
leaped high above the blazing bridge,
which soon fell into the river, and
parts of the burning structure, floating
with the current, imperiled the steam-
boats and the smaller craft cabled
along the wharves. Meanwhile hun-
dreds of houses were on fire. From
the bridge southeastwardly the flames
were widening the area of the confla-
gration with such fearful rapidity that
the terrified people were scarcely able
to escape them, while some were suf-
focated in the streets by the dense
smoke.

When the stores on River Street
began burning, the thoroughfare was
so darkened by smoke that it was
difficult to discern objects at the short-
est distances. The high northwest
wind swept the thick clouds of lurid
smoke across the city, and covered it as
with a pall. In less than an hour and

a half a broad belt of fire ^lay across
the city, from the river to the eastern
hill. It was impossible to" pass from
one side of it to the other, except by
long detours, either east or west of it.
Direful and unfounded reports aug-
mented the terribleness of tne calam-
ity. Dwellings on the ^eastern hill
not directly in the course of the fire
were saved from burning with the ut-
most difficulty. At one time, on
Ninth Street, the greatest consterna-
tion prevailed. In that part of the
city, it was thought that the buildings
there were not endangered, and no
precautions were taken to s^ve them
from destruction. Suddenly brands
weie carried by the wind thither, and
and in a short time a number of un-
protected houses lay in ashes on that
street.

The most distressing events of the
lonp;-remembered day were those in
which helpless persons became the
prey of the destructive element.
Although the fire occurred at midday,
when the people were best prepared
to escape, yet so rapid was its progress
and so great the panic that several
persons were overtaken and hemmed
in by the flames, and were burned.
Ransom S. Haight was suffocated in
the smoke on Seventh Street, where
he was burned almost beyond identifi-
cation. Thomas O'Donnell, an aged
blind man, living on Green Street,
north of Grand Division Street, left
alone in the house, was burned in it.
Zenas Gary, an aged physician, resid-
ing at No. 29 Grand Division Street,
rescued from his burning dwelling
by his faithful wife, was fatally burned
and died on the following day at Mar^
shall Infirmary. The charred remains
of Mary Dunlop and child were found
in the ashes of a burned building.
Numerous narrow escapes are relat^
by men and women who were im-
periled by the rapidly progressive
fire.

FIELD OF THE FIRE OF l862.

144

At the beginning of, the- conflagra-
tion, all human means seemed useless
to save any of the buildings in the
path of the fire. As it advanced
southeastwardly, often slight changes
of the wind gave it limitations, and
the strenuous efforts of the indefatiga-
ble firemen frequently checked its
progress in different directions. The
conflagration, about six o'clock, was
stayed at Donohue & Burge's carriage
factory, on the northwest comer of
Seventh and Congress streets, having
destroyed 507 buildings, not including
bams and out-houses, covering an area
of 75 acres in the central part of the
city. Viewed from Eighth Street, at
night, the field of the fire was one of
no little grandeur. Here and there
unquenched flames illuminated des-
olated spaces, and great beds of fire
glowed among the blackened walls of
the destroyed buildings. The reso-
nant rhythm of the steam fire-engines
and the steady cadtnces of the striking
brakes of the hand-engines lulled to
sleep the hundreds of houseless peo-
ple in the neighboring homes of those
who hospitably received them.
Among the larger buildings burned
were the Second Presbyterian Church,
on the southeast comer of Sixth and
Grand Division streets; the Scotch
Presbyterian Church on the east side
of Seventh Street, between Broadway
and State Street ; the North Baptist
Church, on the southeast comer of
Fifth and Fulton streets ; the Home
Mission, on the east side of Seventh
Street, between Broadway and State
Street; the Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, on the northeast comer of
State and Sixth streets ; the Troy City
Bank, on the southeast comer of
Fourth and Grand Division streets ;
the Troy Orphan Asylum, on the north
side of Grand Division, west of
Eighth Street; the Church Asy-
lum, on south side of Federal Street,
between Sixth and Eighth streets ;

and the Union Railroad depot, on the
the site of the present building. Fire-
men and fire-engines from Albany,
West Troy, Cohoes, Lansingburgh,
and Waterford, came and assisted in
the difficult work of limiting the
range of the conflagration. The pro-
gress of the fire southward along River
Street was successfully opposed by the
Arba Head and Jason C. Osgood
steamers ; at the intersection of
Fourth and Fulton streets, the
Washington Volunteer Company
checked the flames from crossing
Fulton Street at that point; and at
the intersection of Broadway and
Fifth Street, the Hugh Ranken and
the Empire State engine companies
energetically resisted there the ad-
vance of the fire. Elsewhere the
other companies vigorously battled
with the destractive element.

The total value of the property de-
stroyed was appraised at $2,677,892.
on which were insurances amounting
to $1,321,874. Loss on real estate,
$1,386,080 ; loss on personal property,
$1,291,812; insurance on real es' ate.
$766.691 ; and insurance on personal
property, $555,183. Fifty thousand
dollars were contributed before the
end of May for the relief of the suf-
ferers by the people of Troy and those
of other places. That amount was
largely increased during the month of
June. In July, 181 new buildings
were erecting in the burned district,
and in November, six months after the
fire, all the lots excepting two, on
River Street, on which buildings had
been bumed, were occupied by better

Fishing Lines —

S. Draper & Son, manufacturers
of fishing and chalking lines and seine
twines, Nos. 652 and 654 River Street.
The business was begun by Stephen
Draper, in the summer of 1865, in the

145

buildiiig No. 643 River Street. In
October, that year, he and Tames
•Hoyt formed the partnership of Dra-
per & Hoyt, manufacturing fishing
lines and twines in the building now
occupied by Hoyt & Wynkoop, on
Spring Avenue. On January i, 1867,
after the dissolution of the firm in
1866, Stephen Draper and his son,
William H., under the firm-name of
S. Draper & Son, continued the busi-
ness at the same place. On May i,
1868, they occupied the upper part of
the Dickerman Building, No. 81 Ferry
Street. In September 1884, the fiim
moved to its present location. Pos-
sessing the latest improved machinery,
the firm manufactures all kinds of silk,
linen and cotton fishing lines, braided
and twisted, chalk lines and seine
twine. The firm sends its goods to
dealers in all parts of the United
States.

Flour.—

Oliver Boutwell & Son, whole-
sale dealers in flour, Nos. 641 to 665
River Street. (See Grain.)

James E. Kimball & Sons, flour
and produce commission merchants,
No. i39*River Street. As a member
of the firm of Bates, Griffin. & Co.,
James £. Kimball engaged in the
business in 1857, since which time he
has been associated with the succeed-
ing firms: Kimball & Bradley, 1858-
69; James £. Kimball & Co.. 1869-
76 ; James E. Kimball & Son, (Charles
P.), 1876-84; James E. Kimball &
Sons, (Charles P. and Edmund), May
I, 1884, to present time.

D. H. Flack & Son, wholesale
dealers in flour and feed, office No.
361 River Street. The firm has the
exclusive agency in this city and its
vicinity for the sale of the celebrated
brand of superlative flour made by
Washburn, Crosby & Co,, whose three
great mills, at Minneapolis, Minn.,

have a ca^Micity for producing daily
7,300 barrels of flour. D. H. Flack
& Son, to facilitate their sales of the
large number of barrels weekly re-
ceived from the manufacturers, have
a large storehouse, 36 by 200 feet, on
Paine street, on the east side of the
Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad,
Green Island. The firm also deals in
other brands of flour and are also
jobbers in middlings and brans.
Daniel H. Flack and his son, Clar-
ence N. Flack, became associated
under the present firm-name on
January I, 1871.

Le Roy Rickerson, wholesale
dealer in flour, northwest comer of
Fulton and Front streets.

Foundries. — (See Machinery
Manufacturers.)

Fourth Battery, N. G. S. N.
Y. — The information obtained re-
specting the Troy City Artillery, now
named the Fourth Battery, is very
vague and too traditional to furnish
any important particulars of its or-
ganization. As the company adduces
the year 18 12 as the date of its early
formation, it may be identified with
the flying artillery company of which
Ruggles Hubbard, on August 11,
1813, became captain; Richard M.
Livingston, first lieutenant, and Wil-
liam McManus, second lieutenant.
The latter company was then connect-
ed with the sixth regiment, second bri-
gade of the first battalion of artillery
of the state militia. In 1828, the
Troy City Artillery was included in
the fifth regiment of light infantry;
William Brown then being captain of
the company. For a number of years
Charles E. Brintnall held the same
position to which on September 29,
1856, Sidney W. Parks, succeeded.
The armory of the company was for a
time in a building standing on the

146

plat of ground at the entrance of the
Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad
bridge. A number of years afterward,
it was in a two-story building on
Church Street, or on the east side of
the alley, nearly opposite the space be-
tween the city-hall and the Baptist
church. After the state armory was
built in i860, on the east side of River
Street, between Congress and Ferry
streets, the company's quarters were
in it. Although retaining the
name of the Troy City Artillery, the
company as Battery B was incorpor-
ated, in 1867, with the twenty fourth
regiment, tenth brigade, third division
of the National Guard of the state of
New York. In 1878, it was known as
Battery F, which designation in 1882
was changed to that of the Fourth
Battery. The company has the finely
furnished rooms i, 2, and 3, on the
first floor, on the west side of the
hall of the new armory, on the south-
east comer of Ferry and River streets.
Its present officers are James E.
Sharp, captain; Samuel Sexton, first
lieutenant; and Gilbert W. Jewett,
second lieutenant. The following
persons have served as
Captains: William Brown, 1828 ;

Howe, 1839 ; Thomas Godson ;

WiUiam T. Willard ; Charles E. Brint-
nall; Sidney W. Parks, from Septem-
ber 29, 1856, to July 10, 1861; A. B.
Myers, from July 10, 1861, to
August 12, 1862; J. Thomas Davis,
from August 12, 1862, to July, 1863;
Phineas S. Pettit, from July 16, 1863
to April 6, 1864; John M. Landon,
from May 4, 1864 to December, 1865;
William Shaw, from January 17, 1866
to June, 1866; James E. Curran, from
July, 1866 to April 1869; I. Seymour
Scott, from April 26, 1869 to 1872;
Albert H. Green, from October 5,
1872 to February, 1878; George T.
Steenberg, from April 15, 1878, to De-
cember 3, 1883; Abram N. Belcher,
from April 7, 1884, to August 31,

1885 ; James E. Sharp, from Septem-
ber 17, 1885 to present time.

Freshets. — The rapid melting of
deep beds of snow Ijring along the
Hudson and its tributaries, north of
Troy, in winter and in the early
spring, or the fall of a g^eat quantity
of rain in the same territory, causes
the river to overflow its banks and to
sweep away in the strong current
valuable property or to inundate it.

A great freshet, in March, 1647,
caused the water in the river to rise
to a great height, during which two
whales ascended the river. One of
them stranded on an island, now cov-
ered by the water above the
state dam. It is said that
the "fish was tolerably fat,
for, although the people of Rens-
selaerswyck broiled out a great quan-
tity of train-oil, still the whole river
(the current being still rapid) was oily
for three weeks, and covered with
grease. While the fish lay rotting, the
air was infected with its stench to
such a degree that the smell was of-
fensive and perceptible for two miles
leeward."

On March 2 and 3, 18 18. the water
of a freshet inundated a fourth part of
the city. Many persons were com-
pelled to abandon their houses, and
there was great loss of provisions.

On March 12, 1832, a flood carried
away a part of the bridge across the Mo-
hawk, at Cohoes. On Tuesday morn-
ing, March 13, at 11 o'clock, the water
in the river in front of the city was
eighteen inches higher than that of
the freshet of 18 18. The cellars and
basements of houses on Fourth and
Fifth streets as far north as Congress
Street were filled with water.

On Saturday, February 7, 1857, by
the breaking up of the ice in the Mo-
hawk and streams north of the city,
the water rose rapidly. On Sunday
afternoon, about 3 o'clock, the river

147

began rising at the rate of 3 to 4
indies a minnte, and on Monday
morning, at 7 o'clock, the water was
from 12 to 14 feet deep on the wharves.
The covered bridge of the Rensselaer
and Saratoga Railroad, across the sec-
ond branch of the Mohawk River, im-
mediately above the state dam, was
swept from its piers and carried over
the dam to the north side of the rail-
road bridge between Troy and Green
Island. There was great loss of
property. On February 12, the river
was again frozen, and people crossed
it on the ice. The flood is said to
have been from six to eighteen inches
higher than the one in 1832.

On Saturday night, February 13,
1886, about ten o'clock, the ice in the
river in front of the city began break-
ing. The water rose rapidly, and on
Sunday afternoon, about three o'clock,
its height was three inches less
than the high water of the freshet of
1857. The ice between the city and
Albany not breaking caused the river
to overflow and inundate most of the
lower part of the city. Considerable
property was lost and damaged by the
high water.

Friends, Society of,— Early in
the present century, the Friends liv-
ing m Troy and its vicinity began to
hold religious meetings in the ^age.
In November, 1803, a committee was
appointed by the Easton Monthly
Meeting to visit the Friends in Troy
and to report the condition of the
society. A favorable report was made
May 5, 1804. In 1806, the Troy
society rented the frame, double-
tenement, belonging to Daniel Mer-
ritt, on the lot. 50 by 90 feet, on the
southwest comer of Fourth and State
streets. In it the society held its
meetings. On October 20, 1807,
Edward Sonthwick and Abraham
Staples, members of the society, pur-
chased the property for $2,300, and.

on the same day, declared that it was
held in trust by them for the Easton
Monthly Meeting. The Troy Pre-
parative Meeting had a membership
which included some of the best peo-
ple in Troy. On April 19, 1836, the
lot, south of the one on the comer, was
purchased by the society. About the
year 1840, the society began to de-
cline. The two lots and the build-
ings on them were sold, March 2,
and July i, 1874, to the First Uni-
tarian Church. On Monday, October
12, that year, the work of demolish-
ing the meeting-house was begun.

Pmits.—

J. A. HiLLiKER & Co., (Edward
HiUiker), wholesale dealers in foreign
and domestic fraits. No. 349 River
Street, northwest comer of River and
Grand Division streets.

Fulton Market House.— The

building was erected in 1840 by the
city, on the plat of ground early
known as the Troy ship-yard. The
building cost about $30,000, and was
first occupied in May, 1841. The
first floor was leased to butchers and
marketmen. The hall above it was
used for many years by theatrical com-
panies, and for concerts, lectures, and
meetings. The building, and the ship-
yard plat fronting 112 feet on River
Street and extending to the river, was
sold by the city to William H. Frear
on Monday afternoon, August 4, 1879,
for $61,000.

Fulton Street previous to the
year 1847 was called Elbow Street; a
name given it on account of the
street's deflection northwestward at
River Street.

Furnishing Goods. — (See
Men's Furnishing Goods.)

GREEN & waterman's BUILDING, 282 RIVER STREET.

149

Furniture. —

Green & Waterman, manufactur-
ers of and dealers in furniture, general
upholsterers and house-decorators,
No. 283 River Street. The firm was
formed by J. Crawford Green and
Marcus M. Waterman, April I, 1872,
who succeeded to the business begun
about the year 1828, by Elijah Ga-
lusha,atNo 307 River Street. In 1858,
he occupied the building. No. 270
River Street, where Green & Water-
man continued the business, until
April I, 1880, when they moved to
the large four-story, brick building.
No. 283 River Street, which had been
attractively refitted into spacious sales-
roonis, in which the enterprising firm
has now a most varied collection of
finely-finished furniture, a large
stock of choice upholstering goods,
and artistic specialties. At the firm's
manufacturing establishment, on
Front Street, north of Fulton Street,
a great variety of elegant furniture is
made, where also is elaborated in
wood many modern and classic de-
signs ior house-interiors. The firm
furnishes estimates and designs for all
kinds of interior work, upholstering
and furniture; also for papering, car-
peting, tiling and remodeling the in-
teriors of private and public buildings.

Isaac Keith, furniture, carpets
and upholriteiy goods, Nos. 255 and
257 River Street. The business was
begun in 1834, by Jacob M. Van der
Heyden, in a building on the comer
of Albany and Second streets, and in
another, known as No. 200J River
Street. He was succeeded by Hosea
Leach, in 1859, at No. iBo River
Street; Keith, Ensign & Nelson, in
1871, at Nos. 178 and 182 River
Street ; Keith & Ensign, in 1872, at
Nos. 165 and 167 River Street ; Isaac
Keith, in 1873, ^t the same place,
who, in 1883, moved into the Bnrdett
Building. (See Burdett Building.)

L. W. Raymond, dealer in furniture,
Nos. 189 and 191 River Street. The
business was b^m by Albe C. Dan-
iels, at No. 18 Congress Street, in
1835.

A. L. Hotchkin, manufacturer of
and dealer in furniture and upholster-
ing goods. Nos. 329 and 331 River
Street. The business was begun by
Leonard Smith, at No. 312 River
Street, in 1854.

Furs.— (See Keenan Building,
Samuel B. Mount, and Hatters, E.
W. Boughton & Co.)

Gas-light Companies. —The
use of gas for illuminating purposes
was at tirst sensational, as the follow-
ing advertisement in one of the city
newspapers of July 14, 1818, shows:

•* The subscriber informs the citi-
zens of Troy and the public at large
that he has at a great expense fitted
up an apparatus for a splendid and
brilliant exhibition of this wonderful
production of chemistry. An invisible,
aerial, and permanently elastic fluid
will be made to bum in the atmos-
pheric air with a steady and silent
flame, and to afibrd a soft and most re-
markably pleasant light. The gas
lights will be exhibited during the
whole of the present week at Barney's
City CoflPee House, near the court-
house, in Troy. They will appear in
various fanciful forms, as issuing from
common burners, from chandeliers,
from the beaks and wings of eagles,
from a cross, a crescent, and a fish.
Samuel Willard."

A public exhibition of gas, burning
in jets, was made at the court-house, on
Monday night. July 19, 1847. In one
of the daity papers this notice was
given it; "Our citizens will have an
opportunity of witnessing a beautiful
gas light in front of the court-house
this evening about 9 o'clock. It is a

151

different article from that used in
Albany and other cities. It gives a
more brilliant light and has no offen-
sive smell. It is called Clutchett's
solar gas, and is manufactured from
old grease by a very simple apparatus.
The capitol at Washington, Coleman's
hotel and numerous other public
buildings are lighted by the gas. The
apparatus will remain at the court
house for a number of days, when our
citizens will be able to judge the
merits of the gas as a cheap and beau-
tiful light."

The same newspaper on the follow-
ing day described the effect of the
light: "The front of the court-house
was beautifully illuminated last night.
The light from the gas lamps tem-
porarily placed there was very fine,
although the evening was not favor-
able. As it was, the light thrown
upon the park and surrounding build-
ings was very brilliant. The Troy
Band, always ready to encourage
matters appertaining to the city's
welfare, discoursed some eloquent
music in honor of the occasion."

Although the legislature was pe-
titioned in January, 1845, to pass a
bill to incorporate the Troy Gas-light
Company, it was not until February
16, 1848, that the present company
was chartered. On March 15, that
year, the following persons were
elected its officers: Daniel South-
wick, president; Jonas C. Heartt,
John A. Griswold, Willam S. Sands,
John T. McCoun, E. Thompson Gale,
George B. Warren, Charles Dauchy,
and Lemuel H. Davis, directors.
George H. Lee of Philadelphia,
erected the works on the south side
of the lot, on the east side of Hill
Street, between Liberty and Washing-
ton streets. The capital stock was
$100,000, of which $11,000 was taken
by citizens of Troy, and the remainder
by citizens of Philadelphia. In April,
1850,* five miles of mains had been

laid and sixty-one street lamps, thirty-
two residences and 'several churches
had been supplied with gas by the
company. The company's office is in
the Troy Savings Bank Building,
northeast comer of Second and State
streets.

The Citizens' Gas-light Company
of Troy was incorporated. May 19,
1875. , The works are on the east side
of Vail Avenue, between Canal Street
and Glen Avenue. Office No. 13
Bridge Avenue.

Glass —

Thorne, Bennett, & Rogers,
wholesale dealers in window and plate
glass, paints, and glaziers' materials,
No. 309 River Street, west side, be-
tween Fulton and Grand Division
streets. The members of this enter-
prising firm, Arthur Thome, R. J.
Bennett, and M. W. Rogers, previ-
ously associated under the firm-name
of Arthur Thome & Co., changed it,
on November 14, 1^5, to the present
one. On October 29, 1881, Arthur
Thorne and W. A. Chapman estab-
lished the business under the former
name, in the four-story, brick build-
ing now occupied by the firm. On
the retirement of W. A. Chapman,
April 1883, R. J. Bennett entered
into partnership with Arthur Thome ;
the business being conducted by them
under the name of Arthur Thome &
Co. On Febraary 9, 1885, M. W.
Rogers was admitted a member of the
firm. Dealing extensively in plain
and omamental glass, Thorne, Ben-
nett, & Rogers have their warerooms
stocked with all sizes, thicknesses,
colors, and designs, embracing French,
English, and American window, sin-
gle and double, polished and crystal
plate, ribbed and rough plate,
enameled, and ground glass. The
firm promptly fills orders for rolled
cathedral glass, and stained and

153

THORNE, BENNETT, & ROGERS* BLDG.

figured glass for church-windows.
Oval front, full-metal show-cases of
different sizes are also included in the
goods contained in the firm's sales-
rooms. Thome, Bennett, & Rogers
are manufacturers' agents for the sale
of dry colors, paints, and varnishes,
and keep constantly in stock a large
assortment of ready mixed paints.
Painters and glaziers' supplies are also
embraced in the stock of the firm.

Grafton, one of the towns of
Rensselaer County, was erected March
20, 1807. The village of Grafton Cen-
ter is about 13 miles east of the city
of Troy, and contains two churches,
two hotels, three stores, several fac-
tories, and a number of dwellings.
East Grafton and Quackenkill are
small collections of houses.

Population of the town of
Grafton : 1810, 1,410 ; 1815. 1.378 ;
1820, 1,611 ; 1825, 1,593 ; 1830, 1.681 ;
1835, 1,682 ; 1840, 2,019 ; 1845, 1,905 ;
1850. 2,033 ; 1855, 1,888 ; i860, 1.837 ;
1865, 1,673 ; 1870, 1,599 ; 1875. i»625 ;
1880, 1,676.

Grain and Feed.—

Oliver Bout well & Son, mil-
lers and dealers in flour, grain, and
feed, Nos. 641 to 655 River Street.
The senior member of the firm en-
gaged in business in Troy in 1828,
and in the fall of 1837 began milling
flour in a two-story, brick building,
formerly occupying the site of the
firm's flour and feed-mill. At that
time there were no less than twelve
flouring mills in Troy and its imme-
diate vicinity ; now there is not one
wholly enga|;ed in grinding flour. In
1786, Troy began its growth by being
more conveniently situated than Lan-
singburgh at the head of navigation,
where vessels could receive grain for
transportation. Great quantities of
grain were shipped in sloops to dis-
tant places from the village, in which
were large warehouses belonging to
merchants, who during the winter
season purchased wheat brought in
sleds by farmers living north, west,
and east of Troy. The mill and
the other adjoining brick buildings
of Oliver Boutwell & Son have a
frontage of 200 feet on River Street.
The machinery is operated by large
turbine wheels driven by water from
the hydraulic canal extending from
Canal Street southward along the
west side of River Street. The firm's
offices are in the north building, south
of which is the mill-building, in
which are ground rye flour for bread,
and corn and oats for feed. The ad-
joining building is used for storing
flour, feed, and unground grain. Next
to it is the plaster-mill, in which Nova

153

Scotia plaster is ground for farmers*
use. The firm deals largely in corn,
oats, rye, and wheat, which are sold
mostly in car-loads to millers north
and east of the city. The firm has
the sale of Charles A. Pillsbury &
Co.*s celebrated flour, made in Minne-
apolis. Minn., and other choice brands
of flour. The firm also supplies
dealers with large quantities of Nova
Scotia plaster, in bulk and bag.
Charles A. Boutwell became associ*
ated in business with his father as a
partner in 1866.

Present officers : Lewis E. Griffith,
commander; Patrick H. Gaynor, se-
nior vice-commander; C, A. Sey-
mour, junior vice-commander; Wil-
liam D. Taylor, adjutant ; Charles M.
Leet. quartermaster ; L. H. Hull,
chaplain ; Daniel Bounds, surgeon ;
John Butler, officer of the day ; Wil-
liam Gregory, officer of the guard.

The post meets every Friday night,
at No. 269 River Street.

Post William B. Tibbits, No.
141, was organized January 14, 1880.

OLIVER BOUTWELL & SON S MILLS.

Grand Army of the Repub-
lic, — There are four Grand Army
posts in the city.

Post G. L. Willard, No. 34, was
organized June I, 1869. First offi-
cers : Joseph B. Carr, commander ;
Joseph Hyde, senior vice-commander ;
Joseph Egolf. junior vice-commander ;
Edward I. Davis, adjutant ; Bernard
N. Smith, quartermaster; Alonzo Al-
den, chaplain ; William S. Cooper,
M. D.. surgeon ; Anson Moore, ser-
geant-major ; Isaac F. Handy, quar-
termaster-sei^eant ; James F. Sim-
mons, officer of the day ; George W.
Jenkins, officer of the guard.

First officers : William Fitzpatrick,
commander; Adelbert T. Burdick,
senior vice-commander ; Levi W. Hy-
dom, junior vice-commander ; John
E. Hanchette, adjutant ; George W.
Hazer, quartermaster; Joseph H. Har-
rington, chaplain ; Alonzo C. Valen-
tine, surgeon ; Nathaniel B. Gardner,
officer of the day ; John Singseim, offi-
cer of the guard.

Present officers: Abram Ashley,
commander ; Charles F. Roemer, se-
nior vice-commander; William H.
Boughton, junior vice-commander;
Isaac F. Handy, adjutant ; C. F. A.
Schmidt, quartermaster; George M.

154

Payfer, chaplain ; John E. Vanden-
burgb, surgeon ; Alonzo W. Hill, offi-
cer of the day ; Hiram D. Pierce, offi-
cer of the guard.

The post meets in Druids* Hall,
No. 197 River Street, on first and
third Monday nights of each month.

Post John A. Griswold, No. 338,
was organized April 16, 1883. First
officers : Philip Fitzpatrick, command-
er ; Joseph W. Moore, senior vice-
commander; Philip M. Wales, junior
vice-commander; Arthur W. Brad-
ley, adjutant ; George H. Otis, quar-
termaster ; Rice C. Bull, chaplain ;
Le Roy McLean, M. D., surgeon ;
David M. Ranken, officer of the day ;
Edward C. Lyman, officer of the
guard.

Present officers : Robert W. Hunt,
commander; Philip M. Wales, se-
nior vice-commander ; David M. Ran-
ken, junior vice- commander ; Arthur
W. Bradley, adjutant; George H.
Otis, quartermaster ; Howard E.
Mitchell, chaplain ; Le Roy McLean,
M. D., surgeon ; Edward C. Lyman,
officer of the day ; R. A. Kerr, officer
of the guard.

The post meets in Pythian Castle,
State Street, on second and fourth
Wednesday nights of each month.

Post John McConihe, No. 185,
was organized March 18, 1885. First
officers : Benjamin F. Page, com-
mander ; R. N. Kasson, senior vice-
commander ; Edward Hogben, junior
vice-commander; Walter Graham, ad-
jutant; A. D. McConihe, quarter-
master ; L. H. Balch, chaplain ; R. W.
Edwards, officer of the day ; J. H.
Conway, officer of the guard.

Present officers the same, except-
ing Michael McMurray, who is senior
vice-commander.

The post meets on .second and
fourth Monday nights of each month, at
Dauchy Hall, No. 273 River Street.

Grand Central Theatre, Nos.

71 and 73 Fourth Street, was opened
as a variety play-house on Monday
night, June 7, 1875. The building
had previously been the First Unita-
rian Church, and^ earlier the Presby-
terian Session-house. On Saturday
morning, before daylight, December
24, 1 88 1, the building was burned.
In 1882, it was reconstructed and again
opened as a theatre. It has a roomy
stage, and will seat about 600 persons.

Greenbush, one of the first
towns of Rensselaer County, was
erected April 10, 1792. Population :
1800, 3,472 ; 1810. 4.458 ; 1815, 2,396;
1820, 2,764 ;'i825, 2,914 ;i830, 3,216 ;
1835. 3.345 ; 1840. 3.701 ; 1845. 4,182:
1850, 3,945 ; 1855. 3.303 ; 1860,-3.992 ;
1865. 4,779 ; 1870, 6.202 ; 1875, 7,066;
1880, 6,689.

Greenbush, in the town of Green-
bush, was incorporated as a village,
April 14, 1815. The northern part is
commonly^called East Albany.- The
site of the village was at an early date
a part of the farm of Hendrick Van
Rensselaer,' on which, about theyear
1663, a small fort was erected to pro-
tect the settlers from hostile Indians.
It was called Fort Crailo ; Crailo be-
ing the name of the Van Rensselaer
estate, near the city of Amsterdam.
Holland. The ^ite of the village was
once covered with pine trees, from
which it derived its Dutch name.
Groenen bosch, Greenbush. i-^^ The
first train on the Troy and Greenbush
R.ailroad arrived in Troy, on June 12.
1845. There are seven churches in
the place.

Green Island, bounded on the

north by the second branch and on the
west and south by the first branch of
the Mohawk River, and on the east by
the Hudson, lies west of the northern

155

part of the city. It was early known
as Tibbits* Island. It is about two.
miles long and^ a half mile wide.
Purchased with the other land con-
tiguous to it from the Indians by the
agents of Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, on
July 27, 1630, it was leased on May
4, 1708, to Colonel Peter Schuyler for
one-tenth of its yearly productions.
From Colonel Peter Schuyler, it
passed to Hendrick Oothout, June 8,
171 3, and on his death in 1738, to his
son, Jonas, who, in 1769, willed it to
his two sons, Hendrick and Volkert.
By partition deeds, Hendrick ob-
tained the north part of the island, and
his brother, the south part. The
fonner, on March i, 1796,. conveyed
the north part to George and Ben-
jamin Tibbits. The executors of the
will of Volkert Oothout, on Septem-
ber 28, 1833, sold the south part, con-
taining 125 acres, to Daniel Cady,
who, on June 20, 1834, conveyed it to
Elisha Tibbits, who, on September 15,
that year, obtained for $750, a release
of the annual rent from Stephen Van
Rensselaer, the patroon. On October
22, 1834, Elisha Tibbits made a dec-
laration that the land had been pur-
chased for George Tibbits, George
Griswold, and himself ; each being en-
titled to one-third part of the 125
acres. In the spring of 1835, Le
Grand Cannon became associated
with the purchasers; one-half of
George Griswold's interest in the
property having been conveyed to
him. The owners then projected a
great improvement of the property by
Uying out a number of mill and fac-
tory sites along the west bank of the
Hudson, south of the state dam,
from which water was to be conducted
by a canaL In 1838^ after a long liti-
gation relating to the use of the water
from the Hudson, the suit was ended
and the proposed improvements
abandoned. The property was then
subdivided and conveyed to parties

claiming ownership. Many of the
lots laid out on S. A. Beers' map of
April 20, 1838, were subsequently
conveyed to different persons, who
erected on them dwellings, factories,
and manufacturing works.

In 1836, a saw-mill and stove-
foundry were erected near the state
dam. The Eagle Foundry was built
in 1 85 1, and in the following year, the
Green Island Malleable Iron Works
were erected. In 1853, the car works
of Eaton, Gilbert, & Co., were built.
(See Cars.) The village was incor-
porated April 5, 1853. On June 18,
that year, the first village officers
were elected. The first trustees
were Stephen Viele, Jacob Yates,
Robert Bogardus, Warren Groat, and
Alexander Morrison.

There are five churches in the vil-
lage: St. Marks, Episcopal, east side
of Hudson Avenue, opposite Clinton
Street ; St. Joseph's, Roman Catholic,
east side of George Street, between
Center and Swan streets ; Presbyterian
Church, west side of Hudson Avenue,
between Market and Clinton streets ;
Methodist, east side of Hudson
Avenue, near the bridge; Baptist
Mission, northeast comer of Market
and George streets. Corporation Hall,
built in 1883, is on the northeast cor-
ner of George and Clinton streets.
The fire apparatus in the village em-
braces Uri Gilbert Steam Engine No.
I ; William E. Gilbert Hose No. i ;
and the John McGowan Hose No. 2 ;
The Green Island Review was pub-
lished by Henry L. Gilbert, from
January i, 1880 to October i, 1884 ;
and the Albany County Herald^ from
October, 1884 to September, 1885.
The Delaware and Hudson Canal
Company's car works are immediately
north of Tibbits Street.

Population : 1855, i»324; i860,
1,600; 1870, 3,135; 1880, 4.160.

The following manufactories are in
the village:

156

Green Island Malleable and
Gray Iron Works, Torrance &
Co., (William M. Torrance and J. W.
Lawrence,) Hudson Avenue, were
established in 1852 by William Tor-
rance. The firm of Torrance & Co.,
formed February i, 1886, succeeded
that of Torrance, Merriam, & Co.

Crampton & Belden, (Albert
Crampton and Emerson Belden,)
blind and door manufacturers ; office
and blind factory northeast comer of
Hudson Avenue and Bleecker Street ;
door factory Watervliet, west side of
first branch of the Mohawk River, op-
posite Arch Street, Green Island. The
business was begun by Emerson Bel-
den in 1867, who, in the following
year, became associated with Albert
Crampton under the present firm-
name.

Green Island Stovb Foundry,
Marcus L. Filley, east side of George
Street, between Bleecker and Tibbits
streets. This large establish-
ment, having a frontage of 220 feet on
Geoi^e Street, is the property of
Marcus L. Filley, who, in 1859, suc-
ceeded to the business of Newberry,
Filley, & Co., who, in 1854, succeeded
Morrison & Tibbits, and they, in 1848,
John Morrison, who, in 1842, suc-
ceeded the firm of Morrison, Manning
& Co. , who built the first foundry on
the site in 1836.

Andrew L. Rose, manufacturer
of patent pipe-cutting and threading
tools, and patent pipe-vises, estab-
lished in 1886 the business in the
Eagle Foundry Building, on the south-
west comer of Paine and Hamilton
streets.

Linseed Oil Works, A. B. &
L. H. Gibbs, south side of Albany
Street, near W^est Troy bridge.

Griswold Opera House.—

The first theatrical performance given

in Troy was announced in the follow-
ing advertisement :

*• This Monday evening. May the
20th, 1793, Mr. Moore, who performed
in Albany about seven years ago, will
give an evening's entertainment at
the house of Mr. Ashley, in a coarse
of lectures, when the chaste and deli-
cate ear will find gratification ; while
mirth attends to call forth the Risible
Faculties. The exhibition offered is
entitled the Muse in Good Humor, in
four parts ; to be preceded by an Eu-
logy on Free Masonry. Tickets, 2
shillings and six pence for grown per-
sons, and one shilling and six pence
for children. Doors open at 7 o'clock,
and the eulogy commences at half-
past seven o'clock precisely.*'

Before the period of menageries and
circuses, one or two wild and strange
animals were taken about the coun-
try on exhibition. The first elephant
seen in the village was advertised in
this unpretentious way: **A liye ele-
phant — To be seen in the village of
Troy, at the house of Howard Moul-
ton, [on the site of the Troy Female
Seminary], from Tuesday morning
the 8th of October inst., where she
will continue till Thursday evening,
the loth. Price of admission, twenty-
five cents ; children half-price."

In December, 1822, **a novel ex-
hibition of natural curiosities" was
advertised to be ** viewed at Mr. Bab-
cock's hotel," on the east side of River
Street, between Congress and Ferry
streets. The chief attractions of this
show weie a dwarf cow from Spain,
two feet nine inches high, "allowed
by butchers of New York to be a com-
plete model of a beauty in the animal
creation; " a living coeater, an animal
of the ape family, said to have a great
use of his tail," and having *^o
thumbs ; " a learned bear, which
could ** read, spell, subtract, multiply
and divide, make out any number
with figures ; " a whale, eighteen feel

157

long, nine around the body, with a
mouth four feet wide, caught near
Sandy Hook. The managers of this
aggregation of wonders promised to
gratify the people ' of Troy with
•*mu«ic on King David's cymbal. This
instrument is of the kind used so
much by the ancients, and calculated to
excite animation, it being plaintive,
lively and melodious. Also, Music
on the Leaf, accompanied by the
violin and organ. The sounds pro-
duced by the Leaf are admired by the
lovers of music, and considered a
great curiosity."

In Aprd, 1823, Mr. Keene gave a
vocal concert in three parts at Bab-
cock's City Hotel, and accompanied
his songs on the piano-forte. The
cards of admission, one dollar each,
were "to be had at the Bar."

Mr., Mrs., and Miss Russell gave a
theatrical entertainment in May,

1827, in Mr. Churchill's store room,
comer of Fifth and Ferry streets.
The dramatic pieces presented were
"selected from moral authors." The
admittance was twenty-five cents.
The front seats were reserved for
ladies.

In the Rensselaer House, previously
known as the Bull's Head Tavern, on
the comer of River and Second
streets, was a large apaf tment called
the "Assembly Room," which was
often used for dramatic exhibitions.
On Tuesday evening. September 9,

1828, the Troy Theatre Company
opened the season with the celebrated
tragedy, "Douglass, or the Noble
Shepherd." Messrs. Parker, Hunt,
D. Stone and Mason, with Mrs.
Nagle and Mrs. Marshall were the
principal actors. During the season
Mr. Eberle of Albany, Mrs. Douglass
and Mrs. Slickney from New York,
and Mr. Cronk from London played
their parts in the Assembly Room.

The Troy Museum, in the building
on the northeast comer of River and

State streets, was opened to the pub-
lic on Monday, December 15, 1828.
Three large rooms were devoted to
the display of various collections of
natural and artificial curiosities. In
the lower room, on the second story,
there were about 300 stuffed birds and
animals, a case containing more than
700 insects, one filled with more than
600 specimens of minerals, another
having in it about 600 shells, another
with 100 reptiles and insects, and an-
other with 200 zoophytes, corallines,
and petrifactions. In the upper room,
was a large collection of the imple-
ments of war of different savage tribes,
their household utensils and articles;
of dress. Fourteen life- size wax
figures were among the other attrac-
tions of the room ; one of Washing-
ton, Lafayette, Jackson, Daniel Lam-
bert, Charlotte Temple, and a Boston
beauty. There was also a room of
paintings, in which was a splendid
cosmorama. The admittance was
twenty-five cents ; children, half-price.
In 1847, the building on the north-
east comer of River and Fulton
streets was fitted for the display of a
large collection of curiosities, and was
called the Troy, or Peale's Museum.
It was opened to the public on Mon-
day, August 23, that year. ** No one
can traverse these elegant rooms," a
journalist observed, " and through
the medium of old-time relics hold
communication with past ages, with-
out coming away, if not better, at
least a wiser person. Birds and beasts
of every description are ranged around
the rooms, from the smallest humming
bird to the American eagle, and from
the monkey to the rhinoceros. We
were particularly pleased with the
different specimens of the flamingo,
some of them most perfect, both in
form and color. Minerals, fossils, and
shells, rare, curious, and in great
abundance ; strange fish, crocodiles,
and a creature called the duck-billed

158

patibus are among the wonderful ; wife of the manager, taking the role

while of the beautiful, the cosmoramic of ** Topsy." The play had a contin-

views are the most lovely things we uous run of 150 nights in Troy,
have seen. * * ♦ Take it all in A larger play-house being desired,

all. we have no hesitation in saying a number of capitalists organized the

that our museum, in point of beauty. Troy Dramatic Building Association,

neatness, and elegance, is second to and erected, in 1855, on the

none." site of the Griswold Opera House,

DIAGRAM OF GRISWOLD OPERA HOUSE.

The different concerts and dramatic Nos. 10 and 12 Third Street, the thea-

performances given nightly, excepting tre known as the Troy Adelphi, seat-

Sun4ay, and on Saturday afternoon, ing 1,400 people. The stage had a

made the museum for many years a depth of 42 feet. The drop curtain,

popular place of entertainment, painted by Edward Hayes of the

•• Uncle Tom's Cabin," as a play, was Boston Theatre, displayed a picture of

first presented on the stage of the mu- the Lake of Geneva, Switzerland,

seum, Mrs. George C. Howard, the The Adelphi was opened on Monday

159

night, October 22, 1855, with the pre-
sentation of *• Love's Sacrifice, or the
Rival Merchants." The last perform-
ance, •• Peep O'Day,** was given on
Saturday night, September 13, 1862.
On the morning of October 10, 1862,
a few minutes before i o'clock, the
the theatre was discovered on fire,
and was quickly burned.

Griswold Hall, named in honor of
John A. Griswold, was built on the
site of the Adelphi, in 1863. It was
opened with a grand concert on Mon-
day night, January li, 1864. On Sat-
urday morning, April I, 1871, about
I o'clock, the building was found
burning, and soon it was in ruins.

The Griswold Opera House was
built on the site, in 1871, and was
opened, on Monday night, October 30,
that year, with the ** Lady of Lyons " ;
Mrs. Emma Waller, the lessee, taking
the cast of •* Pauline." Seavey, of
New York, painted the drop-curtain,
on which was a picture of Lake Como,
near Bellagio. The stage has a width
of 60, and a depth of 42 feet. The
house has sittings for about 1,500 peo-
ple.

Grocers, Wholesale.—

Henry H. Darling, Brother, &
Co., wholesale grocers, d^ers in flour
and country produce, Nos. 305 and
307 River Street, west side, between
Fulton and Grand Division streets.
The business of this well>known house
was originated in 1834, by Samuel
Dauchy and Brownell B. Rose, under
the firm name of Dauchy & Rose, at
No. 289 River Street Their succes-
sors have been Samuel Dauchy, in
1839; Dauchy & Conkey, in 1842;
Dauchy & Flood, in 1845 ; Dauchy,
Flood, & Co., 1852, at No. 293 River
Street; Dauchy, Lee, & Co., in 1853,
at Na 307 River Street ; Dauchy &
Flack, in 1856 ; Dauchy & Amadon,
in 1859; Burr & C. H. Dauchy, in

1864; Dauchy & Darling, in 1865,
(Henry H. Dariing having been a sales-
man of the two last named firms since
April I, 1862) ; Simmons & Daiiing,
in 1868 ; Simmons. Darling, & Co., in
1873, (Edwin E. Darling, a salesman
of the two last named firms since
1866, becoming a partner) ; Henry H.
Darling & Bro., in 1879 ^ and Henry
H. Darling, Brother, & Co., March I,
1886 ; at which time T. Lee Bene-
dict, a salesman in the establishment
since 1876, became a partner. The
firm commands an extensive trade in
the city, and in Northern New York,
Vermont, and Western Massachusetts.

Squires, Sherry, & Galusha,
wholesale grocers, northeast comer of
Fifth Street and Broadway. The
founder of this pniminent house was
Ludlow A. Battershall. who, in 1834,
as a grocer, began business in a build-
ing on the comer of Federal and
North Third streeU. In 1838. he be-
came a member of the firm of L. A.
& D. E. Battershall, No. 327 River
Street. On its dissolution, in 184c,
he continued the business one year,
when he became a member of the firm
of Hakes & Battershall. It was suc-
ceeded by that of Hakes, Battershall,
& Weed, in 1845 ; and it respectively
by Battershall & Weed, in 1846 ; Bat-
tershall & McDoual, No. 311 River
Street ; Battershall, McDoual, & Co.,
No. 329 River Street in 1855; Mc-
Doual, Squires, & Sherry, in 1858 ;
Squires, Sherry & Galusha, (Nor-
man B. Squires, John Sherry, and
Henry Galusha,) on March i, i860.
John L. Thompson, who became
at that time a silent partner,
was succeeded, in 1863, by his
son, George S. Thompson, as
an active partner, who with-
drew in 1869. In 1874, James H.
Sherry was admitted a partner, who
died in 1882. In 1876. the firm moved
to the four-story, brick building, now

160

partly occupied by it. In March, 1883, was formed in March, 1866, by the
Arthur G. Sherry became a member brothers, James E. Molloy and Fran-
of the firm. cis J. Molloy.

GiiAVES, Page, & Co., wholesale
grocers. No. 223 River Street, oppo-
site the Troy House. The members
of this long-established house, Aaron
H. Graves, Freeborn H. Page, and
Allen Williams, became associated as
d. firm, January i, 1868. The line of
their predecessors begins in 1835, with
John Hunter, who, that year, engaged
in the grocery business, at No. 183
River Street. He was succeeded by
Hunter & Kellogg, in 1838, at. the
same place ; Hunter, Kellogg, & Co.,
in 1839; Hunter & Kellogg, in 1840;
Hunter, Bosworth, & Co.. in 1841 ;
Hunter & Bosworth. in 1843 ; John
Hunter, in 1846; Hunler & Graves,
(Aaron H.). in 1848 ; Hunter, Graves,
& Co., 1853 ; Battershall, Graves, &
Van Alstyne, in 1858, at Nos. 221 and
223 River Street; Graves, Van Al-
styne, & Co., in 1866 ; Graves, P^e,
& Co., in 1868, (Aaron H. Graves, F.
H. Page, Allen Williams, and Ralph
Phillips). In 1874, the latter with-
drew from the firm.

Stevenson, Smith, & Co., whole-
sale dealers in groceries, flour and
produce. No. 327 River Street. The
firm was formed in May, 1881, by W.
John Stevenson, R. G. Smith, and
W. H. Stevenson. The business
was begun in 1 861, by Ebenezer R.
Collins, at No. 343 River Street. He
was succeeded in 1862, by E. R
Collins & Co., at 327 River Street ;
in 1867, by Collins & CoUison ; in
1876, by R. C. Collison, and in i88i,
by the present firm.

James E. Molloy & Co., whole-
sale grocers, tea jobbers, and coffee
roasters, Nos. 366 and 367 River
Street. The business was begun by
James E. Molloy, in 1862, at No.
367 River Street. The present firm

Flack & Co., wholesale grocers,
flour, produce, and seed dealers, No.
375 River Street. Isaac G. Flack and
George A. Flack formed the firm in
July, 1884. William A. Flack and
his brother began the business at No.
375 River River Street, in 1864, under
the firm>name of Flack & Brother,
who, in 1 87 1, were succeeded by Wil-
liam A. and Isaac G. Flack, under the
same firm-name, and they in turn, in
1884, by the members of the present
firm.

Morey & Lee, wholesale grocers,
flour and commission merchants, No.
321 River Street. The firm was
formed in 1872 by Manley W. Morey
and Charles Lee, jr. The business
was begun in 1886 by Santord &
Morey, at No. 371 River Street, who
were succeeded in 1868 by Bell,
Dauchy, & Morey, at No. 313 River
Street ; ii^ 1 869, by Bell & Morey, at
No. 333 River Street ; and in 1872 by
the present firm.

DUSENBERRY & FaIRWEATHER,

wholesale grocers and commission
mei chants. No. 369 River Street.
Henry O. Dusenberry and James H.
Fairweather formed the firm on June
19. 1879.

HoLLiSTER & Lape, wholesale
grocers and dealers in flour and prod-
uce, Nos."^ 6 and 8 Grand Division
Street. William H. Hollister and F.
N. Lape formed the firm on May i,
1884, and succeeded to the business
begun by Hollister & Catlin in 1880,
at No. 347 River Street.

Wing & Large, wholesale dealers
in fancy groceries, fruits and canned
goods. No. 361 River Street The
firm was formed by D. A. Wing and
W. E, Large on January i, 1884.

161

Hall Building, erected by Ben-
jamin H. Hall in 1871, ^is on the cor-
ner of First and River streets. The
attractive structure occupies the site of
the buildings known early in the cen-
tury as Lane's Row.

Halls.—

Apollo Hall, southeast comer
of Congress and River streets.

Association Hall, Athenaeum
Building, No 10 First Street.

Cannon Place Hall, No. 13
Second Street.

City Hall, southeast comer of
Third and State streets.

Druids* Hall, No 197 River
Street

Emmet Hall, No. 8 Third Streer.

Harmony Hall, comer of Third
and River streets.

Keenan Hall, northwest comer
of Broadway and Third Street.

Lyceum Hall, No. io Third
Street.

Mechanics' Hall, Mill Street,
opposite Spring Street.

Moulders' Hall, southwest cor-
corner of State and River streets.

Music Hall, Troy Savings Bank
Building, northeast corner of Second
and State streets.

Odd Fellows* Hall, No. 285
River Street.

Orange Hall, No. 9 First Street.

Rand's Concert Hall, southwest
comer of Congress and Third streets.

Stevens' Hall, No. 134 River
street.

Temple of Honor Hall, No.
269 River Street

Temperance Hall, St Mary's
Avenue.

Handkerchief Manufactur-
ers.—

Herrmann, Aukam. & Co., manu-
facturers of handkerchiefs, women's
plain and embroidered skirts,
towels, and hem-stitched goods,
Burdett Building, No. 251 River
street. Frederick G. Aukam en-
gaged in business in Troy, in
May, 1862. Three years later
he began manufacturing men's
linen coUars and cu£fs, shirts, hand-
kerchiefs, and women's underwear, at
No. 377 River Street, whence he
moved in the following year to the
building, Nos. 44 and 46 Federal
Street. In December, 1873, ^^ be-
came associated with Adolph Herr-
mann and they formed the firm of
Hermann, Aukam, & Co., manufac-
turing men's collars and cuffs, shirt
fronts, and women's under- clothing, at
Nos. 78 and 80 Federal Street On
March 20, 1880, the firm's factory was
bumed. Having erected on the
northwest comer of the Stone Road
and Lake Avenue, in the town of
Bmnswick, a short distance east of
the city limits, a large brick building,
60 by 130 feet, the firm occupied it in
June, 1 88 1. This valuable property
was destroyed by fire on September
20, 1885. In December. 1885, the
firm occupied the four upper stories
of the Burdett Building. The firm
has the distinction of having
manufactured in 1865 the first cotton
handkerchiefs made in the United
States. The firm's salesrooms are
on the four floors of the building,
Nos. 31 and 33 Thomas Street, New
York.

Hardware.—

Howe & Co.. hardware, Nos. 181
and 183 River Street, west side, be-
tween State and Congress streets.

163

The founder of this well-known mer-
cantile establishment was Philip
Heartt, who as early as the year 1791
engaged in the saddlery and harness
business in a building on the east side
of River Street, nearly opposite that
of the present firm of Howe & Co.
In or before the year 1797, he and his
brother Benjamin formed the firm of
P. & B. Heartt, hardware merchants,
their store being immediately north
of Asa Anthony^, on the northwest
comer of State and River streets, and
south of that of D. & I. Merritt On
Friday morning, December 8, 1797,
the firm's store and that of Asa An-
thony were burned to the ground.
The firm resumed business in the new
building, erected on the site of the old
one, and existed until the latter part
of tbe year 1800, when Philip Heartt
succeeded to the business. About the
year 1805, the firm of Heartt & Smith
was formed ; the " sign of the pad-
lock " hanging before their store.
About the year 1812, perhaps some
years earlier, the partnership was dis-
solved, and the business was again
conducted by Philip Heartt. Some
years afterward the firm of P. Heartt
8i Sons was formed. On June 20,
1820, the firm's six-story, brick build-
ing, on the site of the present one of
Howe & Co., was burned, as was
also the firm's three-story, brick build-
ing, also filled with hardware, on
the opposite side of the street. Af-
terward, until August, 1821, the firm
occupied the building " one door south
of the postoffice," near the northwest
comer of River and Congress streets.
The firm then took possession of its new
building, '* five doors above the post-
office," now occupied by Howe & Co.
On March 7, 1827, the firm of Philip
Heartt & Sons was dissolved ; its mem-
bers having been Jonas Coe Heartt,
James Van Brackle, and Albert P.
Heartt. The business was then con-
tinued by Jonas C. Heartt, Albert P. and

Philip T. Heartt, under the name of J.
C. Heartt k Brothers. In 1840, by
the withdrawal of Albert P. Heartt,
the firm became J. C. Heartt &
Bi other. By the admission of Charles
S. Heartt in 1845, it became J. C.
Heartt, Brother, & Co. By the part-
nership of Philip T. and Charles S.
Hesutt, and James H. Howe, the
firm-name, in 1847 became Hesutt &
Co. In 1852. Philip T. Heartt with-
drew. In 1854, Jonas S. Heartt was
admitted. In 1856, the only members
of the firm were Charles S. Heartt
and James H. Howe. In 1864, the
building. No. 183 River Street, was
added to the store. Franklin Wright
and F. Gilbert Brown became mem*
bers of the firm on February i, 1867.
In 1875, the firm of Howe & Co., suc-
ceeded to the business; the copart-
ners being James H. Howe, Franklin
Wright, F. Gilbert Brown, and John
K. Howe. In 1879, James H. Howe
withdrew. On January i, 1884, the
copaitnership of Franklin Wright, F.
Gilbert Brown, and Edward H. Sims
was formed under the name of Howe
& Co. The large and numerous
channels of the firm's extensive busi-
ness extend through the greater part
of the state of New York, north of the
latitude of Troy, and also through the
adjacent state of Vermont.

J. M. Warren & Co., Nos. 245
and 247 River Street, have widely
been known for more than thirty
years as a firm conducting the largest
hardware business in the city. Their
attractive building, fronting fifty feet
on River Street and extending two
hundred along the south side of
Broadway to the river, was erected in
1870, and contains in its spacious sale
and store-rooms the most complete
stock of general hardware, iron and
steel, and house furnishing goods in
Northern New York. Although the
greater part of the firm's extensive

165

business is within the limits of the state
of New York* still numerous orders
from dealers in other states between
Nora Scotia and Mexico are received.
The 6rm has also a large manufac-
turing establishment on the north-
west comer of Second and Jefferson
streets, where a great quantity of tin
and sheet-iron ware is made for the
trade. The business was begun in
1809 by Jacob Hart and Henry Nazro
under the name of Hart & Nazro, sell*
ing ••hardware, ironmongery, cutlery
and saddlery*', at No. 6 Lane's Row,
on the east side of River Street, near
the comer .of First Street. In the
f^reat fire of Tuesday, June 20, 1820,
Hart & Nazro lost nearly all the con-
tents of their store, in the three-story
brick building, owned by Aaron and
Derick Lane, then occupying the site
of the -Hall Building. On the erection
of the new building, immediately after
the fire, they occupied the store known
as No. 3 Lane's Row, nearly opposite
the store of Esaias Warren k Co., on
the west side of River Street. On
May 28, 1821, the firm was succeeded
by that of Hart & Pitcher, which
Jacob Hart and Samuel Pitcher then
formed. On October 26, 1824, Moses
CraCt, Isaac B. Hart, and Samuel
Pitcher, as the firm of Craft, Hart, &
Pitcher, became their successors. The
building. No. 207 River Street, was oc-
cupied about that time by the firm.
On the withdrawal of Moses Craft in

1830, the firm of Hart & Pitcher con-
tinned the business until June 24,

1831, when John M. Card was asso-
ciated as a member of the firm of
Pitcher, Hart, & Card. In 1832, Hart
k Card succeeded to the business.
From 1834 to 1836, it was conducted
by Isaac B. Hart, when he was suc-
ceeded by Hart. Lesley, & Warren ;
Isaac B. Hart, George Lesley, and
William H. Warren becoming co-
partners. On March i, 1840, Joseph
M. Warren was admitted, and the

firm -name was changed to that of
Warrens, Hart, & Lesley. On May i,
1847, the store was moved from 207 to
to Nos. 241 and 243 River Street, im-
mediately south of the present build-
ing occupied by J. M. Warren & Co.
On February i, 1855, Joseph M.
Warren and Charles W. Tillinghast
formed the firm of J. M. Warren &
Co. On February i, 1864, they ad-
mitted Walter P. Warren, and in
1867, Thomas A. Tillinghast. In
1871, Walter P. Warren withdrew.
On the death of Thomas A. Tilling-
hast, June 10, 1879, J. M. Warren and
Charles W. Tillinghast succeeded to
the business. In 1870 the firm occu-
pied the present building, Nos. 245
and 247 River Street.

Curtis & Rickerson, manufac-
turers, importers, and jobbers of car
riage and saddlery hardware. Green's
Building, Nos. 407 to 413 Broadway,
south side, between Fourth and Fifth
streets. The business is one which
has had a most rapid growth during
the last quarter of the present cen-
tury. Many of the articles found in
the large stock of this well-known re-
pository are tho.«e which have been
invented and manufactured since it
was established in 1867 by John Con-
nolly. They exhibit not only the in-
genuity of man, but give expression
to the thought of contributing to the
use and comfort of both man and
beast. The different things used in
the constraction of wagons and car-
riages, the various appliances em~
ployed in the manufacture of harness,
and the unique adaptations and con-
veniences intended for decoration and
service, special to these branches of
business, are to be found in the stock
of this wholesale and retail establish-
ment. Double and single harness of
all grades, riding saddles, carriage
and sleigh robes, horse blankets, fly-
nets, whips, sleigh belLs stable

166

furniture, trunks, traTelling bags, ice partner in 1872, when the firm-name

and roller skates, and other trappings was changed to that of Connollys &

and appendages are also largely dealt Curtis. In 1873, Edward J. Connolly

in by its enterprising proprietors, and Montgomery G. Curtis formed

Curtis & Rickerson are the sole agents the firm of Connolly & Curtis. On

in the United States for the sale of January i, 1878, Montgomery G.

Powell & Smith's patent horse-tail Curtis succeeded to the business, who

holder, which is regarded as one of the on February i, 1886, was succeeded by

best contrivances for the purpose for the firm of Curtis & Rickerson;

which it was designed. They also Seward Rickerson becoming a partner

manufacture Coy's patent ring reins, in the business with Mont. G. Curtis.

CURTIS & RICKERSON, 407 AND 413 BROADWAY.

which are also very popular.
The founder of the business was John
Connolly, deceased, who, as a dealer
in saddlery, hardware, and coach trim-
mings, engaged in it in 1857, in the
same building in which is the present
store. In 1869, he and Montgomery
G. Curtis formed the partnership of
Connolly & Curtis, dealers in coach
and saddlery hardware. Edward J.
Connolly, the son of the senior mem-
ber of the firm, was admitted as a co-

Hatters.—

Ezra W. Boughton & Co., hat-
ters and furriers, Nos 248 and 250
River Street, corner of Broadway.
The business was begun by George
Fry in 1822, who advertised that he
had opened a new hat store ** a few
rods north of E. Lasell's, River
Street," and offered "for sale, at
wholesale and retail, a general assort-
ment of men's, boy's and infants'
hats,** among which were ** very supe-

167

rior water-proof, black and drab bea-
ver." He and Henry Rouiseau, on
August 30, 1825, formed the firm of
Fry & Rousseau, " at the old stand,
(the site of Harmony Hall), a few
doors north of £. Dorlon's inn, and
directly opposite the ship-yard." In
1842. Ezra W. & E. Henry Boughton.
under the 6rm-name of E. and H.
Boughton, succeeded to the business,
at No. 238 River Street ; in 1848, E.
H. Boughton; in 1849, Rousseau &
Boughton, (Henry Rousseau and Ezra
W. Houghton); in 1856, E. W. Bough-
ton, at No. 250 River Street ; in 1871,
E. W. Boughton & Co., (Ezra W.
Bout^hton, Henry Broughton, ana Ed-
ward M. Boughton) ; in 1874, E. W.
Boughton & Co , (Ezra W. Boughton
and Henry Broughton) ; on February
I. 1881. E. W. Boughton & Co., (Ezra-
W. Boughton, Henry Broughton, and
Edward H. Boughton). The firm
manufactures not only hats but also
women's fine furs, seal-skin sacques,
fur-lined circulars, and dolmans.

Stamper k Strait, (Henry Stamp-
er and E. Smith Strait.) hats, and
men's furnishing goods. No. 316 River
Street. Established in 1870. (See
Addenda.)

Joseph P. Dugan, hats, and furs,
Nos. 208 and 210 River Street, began
the business in 1874, at No. 206
River Street, and in 1876 moved to
his present store.

A Clark, hats, furs, and men's
furnishing goods, No. 65 Congress
Street. Established in 1876.

Walsh & Richmond, hats, furs,
trunks, and umbrellas, No. 264 River
Street, comer of Second Street.
Michael Walsh and Charles L. Rich-
mond formed the firm on February 6,
1879.

Salisbury & Johnson, hats, caps,
furs, trunks, and bags. No. 344 River

Street, and No. 9 Fourth Street.
Henry C. Salisbury and Charles W.
Johnson formed the firm April .24,
1886.

Haver Island, between the
third and fourth branches of the
Mohawk River and the Hudson
River. It is said to have derived its
name from the Dutch word, Haver,
oats. On a parchment map of Rens-
selaerswyck, made about the year
1631, the isLind appears to be deline-
ated and is marked as the site of the
Indian fort, called by the Dutch
"Moenemines Casteel." The island
and Van Schaick's, south of it. and
also Green Island, were traversed in
the last century by the River Road,
the highway from Albany to Saratoga ;
the four branches or sprouts of
the Mohawk being fordable near the
the Hudson River. In the latter
part of the month of August. 1777,
the island was occupied by the Army
of the North, commanded by Major-
Gen eral Philip Schuyler. The de-
fensive works, constructed under the
direction of the brave Pole and accom-
plished enf^ineer, Thaddeus Koscius-
ko, are still to be seen on the north
side of the island, opposite Water-
ford. (See Van Schaick's Island.)

Hibernians, Ancient Order
of, embraces three divisions in the
city. No. I meets at Apollo Hall;
No. 2 at Emmet Hall ; and No. 5 at
Moulders' Hall.

Home for the Aged Poor,

No. IQ2 Ninth Street, between Hutton
and Hoosick streets, is conducted by
the Little Sisters of the Poor.

Honor, American Legion of.

Ilium Council. No. 872, meets every
first and third Thursday evenings of
each month at No. 90 Congress
Street;

168

Honor, Knights of.^MARA.
THON Lodge, No. 2,711, meets the
second and fourth Monday evenings
of each month at Druids* Hall, No.
197 River Street.

Horse-Car Bailroads. — (See
Railroads.)

Hospitals. — See Marshall In-
firmary, and Troy Hospital.)

Hotels.—

American House, southeast cor-
ner of Third and Fulton streets.

Everett Housb, northwest comer
of Fulton and Sixth streets.

Mansion House, northeast cor-
ner of Second Street and Broadway. .

Northern Hotel, No. 456 River
Street.

Revere House, Nos. 551, 553
and 555 Broadway, opposite Union
Depot.

Troy House, intersection of First
and River streets.

House Furnishing Goods.

LocKWOOD & Buell, (Thomas W.
Lockwood, jr., and William C. Buell ,)
wholesale and retail dealers in house
furnishing goods, wood and willow
ware, Nos. 209 and 211 River Street.

House of the Good Shep-
herd, on the corner of Peoples* Av-
enue and Fourteenth Street, is a five-
story, brick building. The corner-
stone was laid by the Right Rev.
Bishop McNierny, on Sunday after-
noon. May 9, 1886. The house is a
home for fallen women desiring to
lead a pure life.

House, Bensselaer County
Alms, south of Spring Avenue,

entrance near Maple Avenue. In
1 82 1, a part of the present property
was purchased. The building then
erected on it was called The House of
Industry, In SpafTord's Gazetteer of
the state of New York, published in
1824, the following remarks were
made respecting it : "The county of
Rensselaer has taken the lead in this
state in the introduction of Count
Rumford's plan for the suppression of
pauperism, and has erected a house of
industry, connected with a valuable
farm, and the necessary appendages
for enabling the poor to supply their
own wants. The plan is to help
the poor to the means of helping
themselves by employment at all kinds
of business as they are most capable
of performing. The system is an ad-
mirable one, a truly philosophic ap-
plication of the precepts of Christian
morality and charity, which every
philanthropist must ardently desire to
see crowned with success." For a
number of years, the labor of the pau-
pers was given by contract to persons
who paid one dollar a week to the
county for each person employed by
them. The successive contractors had
the use of the farm and the service of
such of the paupers as were able to
work. The keepers of the alms-house
are now appointed by the superinten-
dents of the county poor. The farm
has an area of 160 acres. In 1882.
the present buildings were erected.
They are of brick and the largest are
connected by covered wooden corrid-
ors. The keeper's house, a two-story
building, 42 by 58 feet, is between the
men and women's apartment-build-
ings, each two stories high, 55 by 160
feet. North of the men's building is
the men's hospital, two stories high,
35 by 45 feet. South of the women's
building is the women's hospital,
having the same dimensions as the
men's hospital. Adjoining the keep-
er's house, on the west side, is the

169

dining hall building, one-story high,
48 by 60 feet, in which are two dining
rooms, one for the women and the
other for the men. Adjoining and west
of the latter building is the cooking
apartment building, one story high, 32
by 36 feet, and adjoining and west of
it, a one-story, biick building, 40 by
60 feet, one-half of which is used for a
laundry, and the other for a boiler
room. The latter contains two boil-
ers for generating steam for healing
purposes, and one for cooking. West
of the latter building, is a brick coal
house. The old main building is now

ham has been keeper since December
I, 1885. Clinton B. Herrick, M. D.,
is the county-house physician.

Implements. Agricultural.—

Cranpall & Morrison, whose
agricultural warehouse and seed-
store is on the southwest corner of
Front and Grand Division streets,
west of River Street, continue the
business begun by Henry Warren, in
1 842, at No. 469 River Street, oppo-
site the Northern Hotel. The latter,
desiring better facilities for his in-

B B^ I

CRANDALL & MORRISON S WAREHOUSE.

used for a barn. On the first floor of
the keeper's house is the office of the
keeper and that of the county phy-
sician. On the second floor, on the
west side of the building, is the chapel,
in which on Sunday mornings, at 8
o'clock, religious services are con-
ducted by Roman Catholics, and at
10 o'clock by Protestants. The pau-
pers now in the building number, at
this writing, 285 ; two-thirds being
men. In the winter of 18S5-6, the
maximum number of paupers in the
buildings was 404. Calvin B. Dun-

creasing business, moved in 1848 to
the building Nos. 331 and 333 River
Street. In i860, he occupied the
building No. 309 River Street, where
four years later he with George M.
Taylor formed the firm of Warren
& Taylor. Having erected the large,
four-story brick, warehouse, on the
southwest corner of Mechanic and
Grand Division streets, they occupied
it in 1869. In the spring of i88r,
Henry Warren died, and in January,
1SS2, George M. Taylor. Louis S.
Crandall and George II. Morrison,

170

under the fimi-name of Crandall &
Morrison, having purchased the stock
of the establishment, conducted the
business until August I, 1885, when
George H. Morrison sold his interest
in it to his brother. Leonard Mor-
rison.

In farming implements, the firm
makes a large display and their cus-
tomers have every facility given
them to examine the various machines
and tools contained in the spacious
warehouse. Plows, harrows, corn and
seed planters, grain drills, cultivators,
horse rakes, scythes and cradles, hay
tedders, field rollers, chums ccrn-
shellers, feed-cutters, fan mills,
forks, shovels, spades, and scoops, are
but a part of the numerous imple-
ments, needed by every thrifty and
economical farmer, which the enter-
prising firm has for sale. Lawn
mowers, hydraulic rams, pumps,
wheel-barrows, drain pipe, and tile
are also included in the varied stock.
In fertilizers the firm has different
classes : superphosphate of lime,
muriate of potash, ground bone,
Pacific and Peruvian guanos, and
plant food. In the grindstone de-
partment are found Black River, In-
dependence, Berea, and Lake Huron
grindstones of all sizes, together with
frames and hangings, both wooden
and iron. The firm has an extensive
trade in field and garden seeds.

H. W. GoRDiNiER, argricultural
implements, field and garden seeds,
machines, grain, feed and hay, Nos.
357 and 359 River Street. Estab-
lished 1853.

Infirmary, The Marshall,
and Rensselaer County Luna-
tic Asylum, cast side of Linden
Avenue and near Pawling Avenue.
The different buildings are seclusively
situated on an area of land of about
sixteen acres in extent. The in-

firmary, a brick building, 45 by 100
feet, erected in 1850, is three stories
high, exclusive of the basement. The
projector of the institution, Benjamin
Marshall, deceased, originally planned
it for a home for superannuated and
indigent workmen, but by the advice
of his friends, it was built for the ac-
commodation and care of such sick
persons as might be unable to have
medical care and attendance else-
where. The building and its site,
originally valued at $35,000, was the
gift of the founder. The institution
was incorporated by the name of
*'The Marshall Infirmary in the city
of Troy," June 20, 1S51. The ad-
ministration of its affairs was intrusted
to twenty-seven persons annually
elected governors of the institution.
Every person contributing ten dollars
to the institution and annually paying
three dollars to its support is a mem-
ber of the corporation ; and every
person contributing one hundred
dollars and annually paying there-
after five dollars to the corporation
besides being a member of it, "is en-
titled to recommend one sick person
to be supported without other charge
at the infirmary for six weeks in each
year of his contribution ;" and every
person contributing one thousand
dollars is not only deemed a life-mem-
ber but is also entitled to recommend
one sick person to be cared for with-
out charge *'for fifty-two weeks in
each year ;" and every person annually
paying ten dollars is entitled to re-
commend one sick person to the
care of the institution **for four weeks
in each year without charge." In 1S59,
the tliree-story, brick building, south of
and adjoining the infirmary, was built
for an insane asylum by the super-
visors of Rensselaer County. They
also erected in i86r, the second luna-
tic asylum, 40 by 60 feet, built of
brick, three stories high, beyond the
hill, east of the infirmary building.

171

On the east side and adjoining the in-
finnary and the insane asylum is a
three-story brick building, 31 by 45 feet,
in which are the chapel, dining rooms,
laundry, kitchen, aud bakery. For
the erection of the last named build-
ings, the supervisors of Rensselaer
County gave $12,000 ; the sites of
which the governors of the Marshall
Infirmary conveyed to the county by
deeds, the governors "agreeing to
take charge of all the county 'lunatics,'
and all cases of pestilential diseases"
sent by "the respective overseers of
the poor, at a sum sufficient to cover
the cost of the case." The two story
brick building, 20 by 70 feet, south of
and adjoining the insane asylum
was built in 1880, and is used for the
care of refractory patients. At this
writing, eighty-five insane and twenty
sick persons are receiving care at the
institution. Joseph D. Lomax, M. D.,
has been resident medical superin-
tendent of the institution since Octo-
ber, 1863.

Institute, Rensselaer Poly-
technic, head of Broadway, was
founded November 5. 1824, by
Stephen Van Rensselaer, the last but
one of the patroons of Rensselaers-
wyck. He fitted the Farmers* Bank
Building, on the northwest comer of
Middleburgh and River streets for the
use of the school at his own expense
and provided the different classrooms
with suitable furniture and necessary
apparatus. He appointed eight per-
sons trustees of the institution: the
Rev. Samuel Blatchford, pastor of the
First Presbyterian Church of Lansing-
burgh, Elias Parmelee of Lansing-
burgh, John Cramer and Guert Van
Schoonhoven of Waterford, Simeon
DeWitt, and T. Romeyn Beck of
Albany, and John D. Dickinson and
Jedediah Tracy of Troy. He also ap-
pointed the Rev. Samuel Blatchford
president of the institution, and Amos

Eaton of Troy, senior professor, and
Lewis C. Beck of Albany, junior pro-
fessor. At the first meeting of the
trustees, on December 29, that year,
the name Rensselaer School was given
the institution. The opening of the
school on January 3, 1825, was thus
announced : "The Hon. Stephen Van
Rensselaer having established a school
near the northern limits of Troy for
teaching the physical sciences with
their application to the arts of life ;
having appointed Professor A. Eaton
and L. C. Beck to give courses of in-
struction particularly calculated to
prepare operative chemists and prac-
tical naturalists, properly qualified to
act as teachers in villages and
school districts ; having appointed an
agent and furnished him with funds
for procuring apparatus and fitting up a
laboratory, library room, et cetera ;
and the agent having given notice to
the president of the institution that
the requisite collections and prepara-
tions are completed, it seems proper
to give public notice of these circum-
stances. Accordingly the public is .
respectfully notified that everything is
in readiness at the Rensselaer School
for giving instructions in chemistry.
Experimental Philosophy, and Natural
History, with their application to
agriculture, domestic economy, and
the arts ; and also for teaching Land
Surveying."

On the first Monday in January,
1825, the term began. The school
was incorporated March 21, 1826.
Twelve members of the first class were
graduated in 1826. The name of the
school was changed to that of the
Rensselaer Institute, by an act of
legislature, passed April 26, 1832. The
remoteness of the institute from the
central part of Troy led to the re-
moval of the school, in April, 1 834, to
the Van der Heyden mansion, on the
southwest comer of Eighth and Grand
Division streets. In 1843, the Infant

-'^1'

173

School lot and the buildinc[> on it, ap-
praised at $6,500, were offered by the
city to the trustees of the institute as
a gift should William P. Van Rens-
selaer give them a sum of money
equal to the value of the property.
The last patroon of Rensselaerswyck
having complied with the terms, the
institute was moved, in 1844, to the
Infant School Building on the lot, on
the northeast comer of State and
Sixth streets. On April 8, 1861, an
act was passed by the legislature
changing the name of the Rensselaer
Institute and incorporating the Rens-
selaer Polytechnic Institute. In the
great conflagration of Saturday, May
10, 1862, the institute-building, con-
taining valuable apparatus, cabinets,
and records, was burned. On the
following Wednesday, the course of in-
struction was continued to the close
of the term in the Troy University,
now the Provincial Theological
Seminary. In the fall 0/ 1862, rooms
were rented in the Vail Building, on
the northeast corner of Congress and
River streets, where the school con-
tinued until May r, 1864, when the
new building at the head of Broad-
way was occupied. The attractive
brick structure, four stories high, is
115 feet long and 50 wide. The cost
of its erection w-as about $50,000 ; the
• greater part of the sum having been
obtained by subscription. The
building contains the recilalion, lec-
ture, and drawing rooms, the cabinet
of natural history, the library, and the
apartments of the janitor. The
Winslow Laboratory, north of it, 70
feet long and 40 wide, three stories
high, built of brick, was named in
honor of John F. Winslow, a former
president of the institute, now resid-
ing at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. On the
first floor is the metallurgical labora-
tory, on the second the chemical labor-
atory, and on the third are the lecture,
recitation, and apparatus rooms. The

building was erected in 1865-66. It
was partly burned on Wednesday
morning, August 27, 1884. The Wil-
liam Proudfit astronomical observatory
on the hill, immediately east of the in-
stitute-building, was erected in 1877-
78 for the school by the late Eben-
ezer Proudfit of Troy as a memorial of
his son, formerly a student attending
the institute. The central part is 30
feet square, with north, south, and
east wings ; the total length being 76
feet, the breadth 60 feet. The central
part is two stories high, surmounted
with a paper dome, 29 feet in diam-
eter, beneath which is a large stone
pier for an equatorial telescope. In the
east wing are the piers for meridian in-
struments. The other wings are for
computing, clock, and library rooms.

The cabinets of natural history
are exceedingly valuable and con-
tain a large number of fine speci-
mens of the kingdoms to which
they belong. The collection of
minerals made by Henry B. Nason,
Ph. D., M. D.. LL. D., embraces
about 500 specimens. The lithol-
ogy of the st ate of New York is finely
illustrated by a large collection of
stones contributed by Joseph Mullin,
C. E., of Watertown, N. Y., as a me-
morial of his brother, Anthony T. E.
Mullin, C. E., late passed assistant
engineer in the U. S. navy. The
collection of shells made by the late
Henry Rousseau of Lansmgburgh,
contains about 10,000 specimens. A
number of beautiful corals and about
500 shells were added to this
cabinet by Mrs. Warren, wife of
the late George B. Warren, of
Troy. About 5,000 specimens of
American and European plants, and
about 300 pieces of wood from all
parts of the world form valuable
herbaria. The collection of birds in-
cludes 140 specimens presented by
the Troy Lyceum of Natural History;
220 collected by the late George B.

174

Warren of Troy and given by Mrs.
Warren as a memorial of her husband ;
and a number presented by John Ho-
bart Warren, of Hoosick, N. Y.

The library amtains many valuable
scientific works. In 1882, the gift of
the professional library of the late
Alexander L. HoUey of Troy greatly
increased the numl*er of volumes.

A brick gymnasium is now erect-
ing on the south side of Broad-
way, east of Seventh Street, near the
gateway to the institute grounds.

On June 1 1, 1883, Mrs. Mary E.
Hart gave $60,000 in invested funds
and cash to the institution as a memo-
rial of her deceased husband, William
Howard Hart, to be "employed exclu-
sively for endowing in the Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute a professorship
to be known and designated as the
William Howard Hart professorship of
rational and technical mechanics."

As justly said in the Register of the
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute for
1885: "Since its foundation, the in-
stitute has sent forth a considerable
number of graduates, who — as profes-
sors and teachers of the mathematical
and physical sciences, as practical
chemists and geologists, and as en-
gineers in the various departments of
constructive and topographical art, —
have contributed to the increase and
diffusion of science, as well as its ap-
plication to the business pursuits of
life, with a success, to which, it is be-
lieved, the institute may refer with
becoming confidence and just pride."

The following officers of the insti-
tution have directed its affairs from
1824 to 1886:

Stephen Van Rensselaer, LL. D.,
patroon, Albany, with power to ap-
point examiners, 1824-39.

Presidents : Rev. Samuel Blatch-
ford, D. D., of Lansingburgh, 1824-28;
Rev. John Chester, D. D., of Albany,
1828-29 ; Rev. Eliphalet Nott, D. D..
LL. D., (president of Union College,)

Schenectady, 1829-45 ; Rev. Nathan
S. S. Beman, D. D., LL. D.. Troy.
1845-65 ; Hon. John F, Winslow,
Troy, 1865-68; Thomas C. Brinsmade,
M. D., Troy, 1868-68 ; Hon. James
Forsyth, Troy, 1868 to present time.

Vice-presidents : Orville L. HoUey,
Troy, (surveyor-general of the state
of New York,) 1824-31 ; T. Romeyn
Beck, M. D., Albany, (2d vice-presi-
dent) 1824-28 ; Hon. David Buel,
jr., Troy, (2d vice-president, ) 1829-60 ;
Rev. N. S. S. Beman, D. D., Troy,
1842-45; William P. Van Rensselaer,
Greenbush, 1845-64; Thomas C. Brins-
made, M. D., Troy, 1864-68; Hon.
George Gould, Troy, 1868-60; E.
Thompson Gale, C. E.. Troy, 1869-72:
Hon. William Gurley, C. E., Troy,
1872 to present time.

Secretaries: Moses Hale, M. D.,
1824-35 ; Rev. E. Hopkins. 1835-41 ;
Hon. Isaac McConihe, 1841-42; Hon.
Joseph White, 1842-49; Stephen
Wickes, M. D., 1849-54; Rev. John
B. Tibbits, 1854-61; Hon. William
E. Gurley, C. E., 1861-72 ; William
H. Doughty, C. E., 1872 to present
time.

Treasurers : Hon. Hanford N. Lock-
wood ; 1824-44 ; Thomas C. Brins-
made, M. D., 1844-47 ; Hon. Day
Otis Kellogg, 1847-50; William H.
Young, 1850 to present time.

Insurance Agencies, Fire.—

Ogden, C alder, & Co., general in-
.<(urance agents. No. 18 First Street.
Established in 1824. (See Bankers
AND Brokers.

Neher & Carpenter, general in-
surance agents ; also bankers and bro-
kers. No. 5 First Street. Established
in 1824. Philip H. Neher and James
H. Carpenter formed the firm on May
I, 1883.

Kennedy & Buell, general fire in-
surance agents, Athenaeum, No. 10

176

First Street. Established in 1842.
William S. Kennedy and Frederick F.
Buell formed the firm on February 25,
1878.

CippERLY, Cole, & Haslehurst,
bankers and general insurance agents
No. II First Street. The members of
this well-known firm previous to their
association in business were members
of three early established insurance
agencies in the city. The senior mem-
ber, John \V. Cipperly, engaged in
the business in May, 1855, takmg the
agency of the Hartford Fire and the
Albany insurance companies. He
and Grove M. Harwocd, \\\ 1857,
formed the firm of Harwood & Cip-
perly, insurance agents, doing business
at No. 233 River Street. John C.
Cole, who, from March 25, 1854. had
been a clerk in the insurance office of
Spencer Cole, at No. 253 River Street,
became his partner in 1855 ; the firm
taking the name of S. & J. C. Cole,
then agents of the Phenix Insurance
Company of Brooklyn. On the disso-
lution of the firm, in the following
year, John C. Cole continued the busi-
ness at No. 253 River Street. In
1865, Tohn W. Cipperly and John C.
Cole became associated as partners
under the firm-name of Cipperly &
Cole, insurance agents, at No. 233
River Street, and, in January, 1868,
moved to No. 11 First Street. In
January, 1870, the firm purchased the
business of Allen & Rogers, (Freder-
ick P. Allen and Charles H. Rogers),
insurance agents. No. 5 Mansion
House Block, by which Cipperly &
Cole became agents of the Imperial
Fire Insurance Company of London.
In 1874, Theodore E. Haslehurst,
who from 1868 had held a clerkship
in the "banking and insurance office
of Benjamin A. Tillinghast & Son, at
No. 17 First Street, and had been a
member of the firm of Benjamin A.
Tillinghast, Son, & Co., from 1870,
on its dissolution in 1874, became as-

sociated with John W. Cipperly and
John C. Cole, under the firm-name of
Cipperly, Cole, & Haslehurst, at No.
II First Street. By Theodore E.
Haslehurst *s admissi n as a partner,
the firm obtained the agency of the
^tna Insurance Company of Hart-
lord, Conn. In 1874. the firm en-
gaged in the banking, brokerage, and
foreign exchange business, and became
agents of a number of proiuinent
ocean steamship lines. The firm has
also the agency of ihe Praiellers*
Life and Accident Insurance Company
of Hartford.

Gilbert Geer, jr., & Co., real es-
tate, loan, and insurance brokers. No.

5 Mansion House Block, Washington
Square. This long-established in>ur-
ance agency was founded by the senior
member of the firm, Gilbert Geer. jr.,
in February. 1858, at No 282 River
Street. In 1866, he and Charles H.
Van Arnam formed the firm of Geer

6 Van Arnam, insurance agents. In
B'ebruary, 1870, the hrm moved to No.
5 Mansion House Block. On the
dissolution of the firm, in January,
1872, Gilbert Geer, jr., conducted the
business until January i, i88r, when
he and William C. Gccr became asso-
ciated in it, under the firm-name of
Gilbert Geer, jr., & Co. As agents
the firm represents the following prom-
inent insurance companies : German
American Insurance Company, United
States Fire Insurance Company, Amer-
ican Fire Insurance Company, Citi-
zens* Insurance Company of New
York, National Fire Insurance Com-
pany of New York, Rochester Ger-
man Insurance Company of Roches-
ter, and the New York Bowery Fire
Insurance Company. The firm is also
agents for the Massachusetts Mutual
Life Insurance Company. As real
estate agents, the enterprising firm an-
nually effects the sale and rent c f a
great number of properties, and does
a large business in loans.

177

Kelly & Knox, general insurance
agents, Burdett Building. No. 253
River Street. Established 1855. W.
John Kelly and John H. Knox formed
the firm on January i, 1880.

Macdonald & Van Alstyne gen-
eral insurance agents. No. 280 River
Street. This prominent insurance
agency was founded by the firm of
Van Every, Macdonald, & Carroll,
(W. H. Van Every, John A. Macdon-
ald, and John T. Carroll,) on the day
of their entering into partnership,
January 12, 1867. at No. 39 Congress
Street, whence they moved shortly
afterward to No. 265 River Street.
Their successors have been John A.
Macdonald, February i, 1878, at No.
280 River Street ; Macdonald s & Van
Alstyne, (John A. Macdonald, Wil-
liam J. Macdonald, and Richard H
Van Alstyne.) June i, 1880, at No.
280 River Street ; and the members
of the present firm, John A. Macdon-
ald and Richard H. Van Alstyne,
December i, 1883. As agents they
represent the following fire insurance
companies : Home of New York,
Westchester Fire <»f New York, Fire
Association of Philadelphia, Connect-
icut Fire of Hartford, Commercial
Union of London, Phoenix of Lon-
don. American of Newark, Guardian
of London, Scottish Union and Na-
tional Insurance Company of Edin-
burgh, Orient of I fan ford, St. Paul Fire
and Marine of St. Paul, and the Fire
Insurance Association of London.
They also represent the Fidelity and
Casualty Company of New York, in-
suring plate-glass, steam boilers, and
property aeainst accidents. In ma-
rine insurance they are agents of the
St. Paul Fi'C and Marine of St. Paul.
The firm's office is centrally located
and attractively furnished.

Alden & Nichols, bankers, bro-
kers, insurance and real e>tale agents,
No. I Mutual Bank Building, State

Street, near First. Established in 1870.
Alonzo Alden and George F. Nichols
formed the firm on March i, 1884.

Stillman & Son, general insur-
ance agents, and real estate and loan
brokers, Troy Savings Bank Building.
Established in 1870. Wait J. Still-
man and his son, Byron, formed the
firm in 1872.

Hudson & Smith, general insur-
ance agents, room 3, Keenan Build-
ing. Established 1870. (See Kee-
nan Building.)

Insurance Agencies, Life.—

Peck & Hillman, general agents
of the Connecticut Mutual Life In-
surance Company of Hartford, Conn.,
Nos. 3 and 4 Mutual Bank Building,
State Street, between First and Second
streets. Eleazer A. Peck and Joseph
Hillman, members of the oldest
existing firm in the city, became
associated, March 10, 1 848, as real
estate, stock, and insurance bro-
kers, at No. 173 River Street,
west side, between Congress and
State streets. On May i, 1854, they
moved to the Mutual Bank Building,
on the northeast comer of First and
State streets, where the firm has for
more than three decades of years con-
ducted its large business. In 1 86a,
when the Connecticut Mutual Life
Insurance Company established state
agencies, this long-known firm was
given the general agency of the state
of New York, excepting the city of
New York. When the firm became
agents of the Connecticut Mutual
Life Insunvnce Company its capital
was $50,000, which now is $55,000,-
000.

D. L. BoARDMAN & Son, New
York State general agents of the Mu-
lual Life Insurance Company of New
York, Troy Savings Bank Building.
Established in 1865. Derrick L.

178

Boardman, and his son, Henry F.,
became associated in business under
the present Brm-name on November
28, 1883.

Alonzo Alden, general agent of
the New York Liife Insurance Com-
pany, No. I, Mutual Bank Building,
State Street, between First and Sec-
ond streets. He became agent of the
company in 1874.

William V. Baker, general agent
of the Northwestern Life Insurance
Company, room 13, Keenan Building.
(See Keenan Building.) He be-
came agent of the company for East-
em New York and Western Massa-
chusetts on January i, 1880.

Ionic Club, organized August
27, 1853, and incorporated August 6,
1868, has its rooms on the second
floor of the building, No. I First
Street, south of the Troy House.
First officers : S. Nelson Derrick,
president ; Lewis A. Rousseau, vice-
president; Henry B. Dauchy, secre-
tary and treasurer. Present officers :
James F. Cowee, president ; W. H.
Mann, vice-president ; P. F. Van-
derheyden, secretary and treasurer.

Iron and Steel, Importers and
Dealers.

HowB & Co. (See Hardware.)
J. M. Warren & Co. (See Hard-

WARE.)

Hannibal Green's Son & Co., im-
porters and dealers in iron and steel,
and manufacturers of carriage springs
southeast comer of Broadway and
Fourth Street. The founders of this
well-known house were Henry Nazro,
Augustus A. Thurber, and Hannibal
Green, who, in 1832, formed the firm
of Nazro, Thurber, & Green, hard-
ware merchants, beginning business at
No. 233 River Street. The successors

of the 6rm were Nazro ft Green, in
1834; Green & Cramer, (George H.
Cramer), in 1838; Hannibal Green,
in 1852 ; Hannibal Green & Son,
(Moses C), in 1^6 ; Hannibal Green,
in 1872 ; and in April, 1875, the pres-
ent firm, Edward M. Green and
William M. Sanford. The Green
Building was erected in 1855.

Iron Manufacturers.—

Burden Iron Company. (See
Burden Iron Co.)

Troy Steel and Iron Company.
(See Troy Steel and Iron Co.)

Iron Work, Architectural —

M. Mahony, manufacturer of
architectural iron-work, northwest cor-
ner of Liberty and Fifth streets In
September, 1870, Michael Mahony
and Calvin W. Link formed the co-
partnership of Link & Mahony,
making machinery. castings and build-
ing work at their foundry, on the
south side of the Hollow Road, (now
Spring Avenue), east of the Poesten
Kill bridge. Having purchased the
Cleary brewery property, on the north-
west comer of Liberty and Fifth
streets, the firm erected there and on
the site of the row of wooden buildings
immediately north of the property,
the present brick foundry and finish-
ing shop. In April, 1878, the firm
began manufacturing in the new
buildings. On October 18, that year,
the partnership of Link & Mahony
was dissolved ; M. Mahony continu-
ing in the business. In 1881-82, he
enlarged the establishment by the
erection of additional buildings.

The foundry and its additions have
every convenience for the manufacture
of the special things for which they
were designed. The employes of the
establishment are skilled and experi-
enced workmen.^ The business in«

179

dades the manofactnre of architectu-
•ral iron- work for buildings, iron-fronts
for stores, widow lintels, sills, chim-
ney caps, illuminating tile for side-
wsdks and areas, .floor-lights, stable
fixtures, patent mangers, cess-pools
and hitching posts Another class of
work embraces hot-air furnaces, steam-
generators for hoose-heating, cooking
teed, restaurant use, and other pur-
poses. The manufacture of laundry

Island Park Association, or-
ganized and incorporated in the spring
of 1884, leased the excellent race-
course on the island immediately
north of Pleasure Island, between
Troy and Albany. The track, a mile
in circuit, is one of the fastest and
safest in the United States. It was
constructed about the year 1866, and
on it the American Girl made a rec-
ord of 2:16^. The capital stock of

M. MAHONY S ARCHITECTURAL IRON-WORKS.

stoves and Troy polishing irons is also
an important part of the business. In
machinery castings, pulleys, hangers,
and other special iron- work the estab-
lishment takes large orders. The
architectural iron-works of M. Ma-
hony are opposite the western decliv-
ity of Ida Hill, and west of the line
of the Troy and Greenbush Railroad,
and on the northwest comer of Fifth
and Liberty stieets.

the association is $10,000, divided
into 100 shares of |ioo each. The
affairs of the association are managed
by a board of fifteen directors. A
member of the National Trotting As-
sociation, and connected with the
Grand Circuit, the Island Park Asso-
ciation yearly offers from $30,000 to
$40,000 in purses and secures most of
the noted horses to compete in its
summer and fall races. Its officers

180

are Erastus Corning, president ;
George P. Ide, vice-preaident ; S. W.
Giles, secretary ; and Frank Gilbert,
treasurer.

Jail, Rensselaer County, is

near the northeast corner of Ferry
and Fifth streets. The first was
erected in 1795, on the southwest cor-
ner of the alley, in the rear of the first
court-house. (See Court-house.) It
was a brick building, two stories high.
In 1826, the erection of the present
jail was undertaken ; a brick building
three stories high, with basement. On
the first floor is the sheriffs office, the
the waiting room and other apart-
ments. On the second are two square
rooms and six cells for the confinement
of criminals, and on the third is the
same number. In 1885, a three-story,
brick building, with basement, ad-
joining the front one on its north side,
was erected. On the second and
third floors of the new building are
eighteen cells, nine on each floor. In
the two buildings about one hundred
and twenty prisoners can be lodged.
About half that number are confined
in them. The bell once hanging in
the belfry of the first court-house was
placed in the cupola of the jail in
1832. It was there rung for fire-
alarms until the introduction in the
city of the telegraph fire-alarm sys-
tem.

Jewelers.— (See Watch-makers
AND Jewelers.)

Jewish Societies.—

Jeremiah Lodge, No, 85, Inde-
pendent Order of Bnai Berith, organ
ized October 26, 1866, meets in the
synagogue, on Third Street, on the
first and third Sunday afternoons of
each month.

Joshua Lgdcje, No. 78, Indepen-
dent Order of Kesher Shel Barzel, in-

stituted April 14, 1872, meets in the
Third Street synagogue, on the second
and fourth Sunday afternoons of each
month.

Troy City Lodge of the Free
Sons of Israel, meets in the synagogue,
on Third Street, on the second and
fourth Sunday afternoons of each
month.

King David Lodge, No. 28. In-
dependent Order of the Sons of Ben-
jamin, meets in Pythian Castle, on
the first and third Sunday afternoons
of each month,

Alexander Lodge, No. 63,
Berith Abraham, meets in Pythian
Castle, on State Street, on the first
and third Sunday afternoons of each
month.

Jewish Synagogues.—

Berith Sholom, on the west side
of Third Street, between Division
and Liberty streets. A number of
Jews worshiping in a room in the
Wotkyns* Building, on the northwest
comer of Congress and First streets,
in the spring of 1864 fitted and fur-
nished a room on the third floor of the
Vail Building, on the northeast cor-
ner of Congress and River streets,
in which to hold religious services.
The congregation took the name
of Bikur Cholom, and was served
by Louis Neusted as chazan, or
reader. On March 26, 1866, the
members met in their rooms and
having selected Emanuel Gratz,
chairman, elected Louis Gross, Selig
Levy, Nathan Feibel, Isaac Heilbrun,
Aaron Israel, and Jacob Berg, "trus-
tees of the church and society of
Berith Sholom." In the spring of
1870, the congregation began tlie
erection of the brick synagogue on
Third Street. The corner-stone was
laid on June 12, and on September
22, that year, the synagogue was dedi-
cated.

181

Rabbis. — ^Bernard Eberson, 1870-
77 ; A. N. Coleman, April i. 1879, ^o
present time.

Readers. — H. G. Solomon, 1864;
Louis Neusted, 1864-65 ; Moses
Blame, 1870*78.

Beth Israel Bickur Cholom,
on the third floor of the building Nos.
8 and 10 State Street, between River
and First streets. On August 7,
1870, some of the members of the
congregation worshiping in Vail's
Building, met at the residence of
Jacob Cohen, No. 133 River Street,
and having selected Michael Bruck
as chairman of the meeting, elected
Solomon Levy, Alexander Manne,
Stgismund Seligson, Henry Mark-
stone, and Julius Lawrence, *'trus-
tees of the synagogue and society of
Beth Israel Bickur Cholom." In
1874, the congregation began holding
its meetings in the building on State
Street.

Readers. — Bernstein, A. Chellock,
Hermand Lovenstein, 1873; Adolph
Pollak. 1874-76; Elias Phillips, 1880-
81 ; J. Levy, 1882 ; Elias Phillips at
present time.

Shaarb Tephilla, (Gates of
Prayer,) on the third floor of the
building on the northeast comer of
River and Congress streets. Polish
and Russian people compose the con-
gregation organized in 1873. The
first place in which it worshiped was
in a building on the east side of
Fourth Street, between Liberty and
Washington streets. Present reader:
the Rev. Isaac Berkowitz.

Keenan Building. — The south
part of the site of this large three-
story, brick structure, on the north-
west comer of Broadway and Third
Street, is lot 199, which Jacob Van
der Heyden conveyed, July 22, 1792,

to Henry Coonradt, who consented to
pay for it "the yearly rent of three
pounds current money of the state of
New York." The property is de-
scribed in the deed as lying and being
in the township laid ' 'out by the name
of Vanderheyden but now [in 1792]
called Troy." The lessee also con-
sented to pay " all taxes, charges and
assessments, ordinary and extraor-
dinary," which might be imposed on
the lot. On September 9, 1801, Henry
Coonradt conveyed the lot to Edward
Tylee for $250, subject to the same
covenants, conditions, and provisions
set forth in the original instrument.
Stephen Warren purchased the im-
proved property from Edward Tylee,
on January 17. 1810, for $2,250, also
subject to the rents, reservations, and
covenants required by Jacob D. Van
der Heyden. James Keenan, on Feb-
ruary, 6, 1882, purchased from Joseph
M. Warren, the executor of Stephen
Warren, deceased, lot 199 and the
south half of lot 200, with the build-
ings on them, for $40,000. On their
demolition in 1882, James Keenan
erected the present attractive build-
ing, fronting 134 feet on Broadway,
and 75 feet on Third Street,

The spacious store, Nos. 5 and 6,
on the first floor of the building, ac-
cessible by doors on Broadway and
Third Street, was occupied in 1883 by

Thomas H. Magill, selling
millinery and fancy goods, such
as silks, velvets, laces, rib-
bons, ruches, plumes, wings, and
other hat and bonnet trimmings,
together with women's skiits, corsets,
parasols, fans, handkerchiefs, hosiery,
and jewelry, besides yarns, zephyrs,
embroidery silks, work-baskets, and a
great variety of other fancy goods.
Thomas H. Magill first engaged in
the business in partnership with James
G. Fleming, in 1876, under the firm-
name of Magill & Fleming, at the
southeast comer of Broadway and

182

Second Street. In 1881, the partner*
ship was dissolved. He then re-
moved to Nos. 207 and 211 Broad-
way, and in 1880 to his present place
of business.

Edgar L. Everett's art store is at
the west end of the building, imme-
diately east of the Mansion House, on
Broadway. (See Art Store.)

Samuel B. Mount, dealer in fine
and fashionable furs, occupies the at-

valises, bags, and other leather goods.
Samuel B. Mount has been in the fur
business in Troy since 1863. In 1883,
he removed to the Keenan Building
from his former store, No, 342 River
Street.

Theodore A. Byram, merchant
tailor, at No. 4 Keenan Building,
seasonably replenishes his varied stock
of cloths and other stuffs worn by men
and boys from the best quality and

KEENAN BUILDING.

tractively-fumished store. No. 2
Keenan Building. His valuable stock
embraces different kinds of foreign
and domestic furs, seal, sable, ermine,
marten, beaver, otter, mink, chin-
chilla, squirrel, and other animal
skins. He largely manufactures fur
garments, sacques, dolmans, mantles,
capes, circulars, and also muffs, caps,
gloves, and carriage and sleigh robes.
Besides these, he also sells trunks.

most desirable goods in the market.
He employs an experienced and ar-
tistic cutter and on order makes, at
short notice, coats, pantaloons, and
vests in all the prevailing styles of
cut and fabric. He began business
with liis father in 1868 under the firm-
name of Joseph H. Byram & Son,
merchant tailors. No. 236 River
Street In June, 1879, he conducted
the business in his own name.

188

Hudson & Smith, general insar-
ance agents, occupy room 3, on
the second floor, at the southeast cor-
ner of the building. They represent
the following favorably known fire in-
surance companies : the New Hamp-
shlie, the Citizens* of Pittsburgh,
the Farragut of New York, the Mer-
chants of New York, the Sterl-
ing of New York, the American
Exchange of New York, the Lafay-
ette of Brooklyn, the Jefferson of New
York, besides the Accident Insurance
Company of North America, Guaran-
tee Insurance Company of North
America, and the Phoenix Mutual
Life of Hartford. William H. Hud-
son engaged in the insurance business
in 1870. In 1880, he became a mem-
ber of the firm of Hudson, Bolton, &
Co., insurance agents at No. 273
River Street, which was succeeded by
that of Hudson, Crary, & Co., in
1882, at 259 River Street. In 1884,
he succeeded to the business, and in
1885 became associated with George
D. Smith under the firm-name of
Hudson & Smith.

Zeph F. Magill, photographer,
has on the third floor his reception,
camera, finishing, and framing
rooms. He engaged in the business in
1871, in the building, 338 River Street,
whence he removed in 1883 to his
present large and suitably furnished
apartments. His long experience en-
ables him to prod ace excellent photo-
graphs of all sizes.

George Harrison occupies room
6, on the second floor of the building,
and sells bonds and mortgages on im-
proved farms in the state of Kansas
for investment.

William V. Baker, agent of the
Northwestern Life Insurance Com-
pany, occupies room 13.

Enittiiig Machine Manufac-
turers.—

Tompkins Brothers, knit-goods
machinery, foot of Cypresss Street,
south of Congress Street, near Ida
Falls. The firm has for many years
been manufacturing a number of in-
geniously constructed machines exten-
sively used in the United States,
Canada, and South America in mak-
ing such knit goods as women and
men's shirts and drawers. The
Tompkin's upright rotary knitting
machine, invented and patented by
Clark Tompkins, deceased, father of
the members of the firm, is not sur-
passed by an other contrivance of its
kind in its simplicity of construction
and its adaptation to perfect the work
for which it is so skilfully designed.
Noiseless, direct in operation, it knits,
revolves, and winds the material with
so little superintendence that it fully
merits the high commendation given
it by numerous knit-goods manufac-
turers in all parts of the country.
Another popular labor-saving machine,
called the Tompkins* cone winder,
made by the firm, was patented in
1865 by George Bradford. It is used
for rewinding yarn from bobbins taken
from spinning jacks. It is a most de-
sirable machine, especially valuable
for the regularity of its delivery of
yarn to a knitting machine, feeding
the thread with uniform tension and
making the knitting loogs of equal
length and elasticity in which other
machines do not surpass it. The firm
constructs many other patented ma-
chines used in knitting mills. The
business of manufacturing mill gear-
ing, looms for cotton and carpet mills,
and general machinery was begun
about the year 1846 by Clark Tomp-
kins, in the brick building formerly
standing on the site of the present one
occupied by the Tompkins Brothers?
The enterprising machinist not long
afterward originated in Troy the

184

business of making wooden letters for
signs. By the burning of the building,
on the morning of December 19,
1849, Mr. Tompkins sustained a
heavy loss in machinery. After the
erection, in 1850, of the present build-
ii^gi 175 feet long and 45 wide, the
Empire Machine Company was or-
ganized, of which Mr. Tompkins was
superintendent until 1861, when he
became proprietor of the works. On
April I. 1877, Albert and Ira Tomp-
kins succeeded their father in the
business under the firm-name of the
Tompkins Brothers. The Poesten Kill
supplies the establishment with a body
of water of seventy-five horse-power,
by a fall of twenty-five feet.

Knitting Mills.—

Brookside Hosiery Mills. Wil-
liam C. Tompkins manufacturer of all
grades of men's knit shirts and draw-
ers, foot of Cypress Street, near Ida
Falls. The mills were first operated
by the Brookside Hosiery Comp.any,
October i, 1872. William C. Tomp-
kins succeeded to the business,
January I, 1880.

Crown Knitting Mills. Bruns-
wick Manufacturing Company makes
women and children's fine wool, meri-
no, and cotton underwear, Brunswick
Road, near the intersection of the
Brunswick Road and Congress Street.
Formerly Famam Mills. Company or-
ganized July, 1884. J. A. Best, presi-
dent; W. P. Lefferts treasurer ; and A.
G. Tanner, secretary.

Rob Roy Hosiery Mills. Rob
Roy Hosiery Company manufactures
men, women, and children's scarlet
and white wool and merino knit
shirts and drawers, at No. 191 First
Street. The company was organized
. October 16, 1882. Present oflficers:
Charles A. Brown, president; Charles
A. McLeod, vice president; Theodore

F. Bamum, treasurer ; and Charles L.
Aid en, secretary.

Sunlight Knitting Mill. Emil
Seitz, agent, manufactures men and
women's fine, white, wool, merino
knit underwear, Green Street, north
of Federal, between North Second
and North Third streets. Estab-
lished 1 88 1.

Wynantskill Knitting Mills.
Wynantskill Knitting Company manu-
factures knit shirts and drawers, south
side of Washington Street, Albia.
Incorporated. October 28, 1884. James
E. McLoughlin, president; N. T.
Kane, treasurer; and Gilbert Geer, jr.,
secretary.

Labor, Knights of,— District
LXVIII comprises the counties of
Rensselaer, Columbia, Washington,
and Saratoga, and a part of the state
of Vermont. Rensselaer Assembly,
21X2, organized in 1 882, was the first
Knights of Labor association formed
in the city. About thirty assemblies
or associations aie now within the lim-
its of Troy, among which are the
Rensselaer, Alpha. Mitre, Cigar-
makers, Ferguson, Temple, Victor,
Trojan, Metal Workers', Old Relia-
ble. Eureka. Joan of Arc, Enterprise,
Pleasant Valley, Hudson Valley,
Frankin, Phoenix, Delta, Iron and
Mechanics' Linesmen, Pioneers. Wen-
dell Phillips, Star, Trowel, Amulet,
and John Swinton,

Stephens* Hall, formerly the State
Armory, No. 134 River Street,
between Congress and Ferry Streets,
has been fitted and furnished for the
meetings of the different organiza-
tions. A circulating library has been
established in Stephens' Hall for the
use of the members.

Land-slides.— In the early part
of the summer of 1836, a great mass
of clay separated from the steep west-

185

cm declivity of Mount Ida, and, fol-
lowed by a broad torrent of water,
covered a considerable space of ground
at the foot of the hill.

On Sunday evening. January i,
1837. a large part of the clayey side
of Mount Ida, opposite Wadiington
Street, slid away from the hill, which
is about 200 feet high, and was car-
ried by the momentum of the mass to
the distance of 500 feet westwardly,
covering with clay to the depth of from
ten to forty feet many acres of lana on
the level at the base of the eminence.
Two stables, containing twenty-two
horses, and three dwelling-houses, in
which were seven persons, were
crashed and buried beneath the
weighty material. A burning brick
kiln, destroyed by the moving earth,
for a time brightly illuminated the
snow-flaked sky. The scene, viewed
by the hundreds of people who had
hastened thither with the supposition
that a great conflagration was spread-
ing its flames in that part of the city,
was described as *' awful in the high-
est degree." It seemed as if "the
horrors of an earthquake " were real-
ized. Over the broken, snow- whitened
mass of clay, a multitude of people
clambered, some carrying lamps and
torches, others hoes, picks, and shov-
els, in the hope of rescuing alive those
who had so noiselessly been buried
beneath the ponderous covering.
From the shattered dwelling of John
Grace, his body and that of his wife
were exhumed, and also the little son
of the dead father and mother, *' very
little hurt, bare-footed and bare-
headed.** Two boys, one four and
the other eight years old, children of
Mrs. Leavensworth, were shockingly
crushed, while the mother and
another of her children were extri-
cated greatly bruised from the debris
of their wrecked home. Of the
twenty-two horses, only six escaped
death. The dislodged clay was used

to heighten the level of the low part
of the city west of Mount Ida.

On Saturday evening, November
14, and on the following Monday, in
1 84 1, two land-slides again carried
large quantities of clay to the foot of
Mount Ida. The first one demol-
ished a small dwelling, from which
the inmates escaped unhurt.

On Friday afternoon, February. 17,
1843, another land-slide, similar to
the one of 1837, destroyed ten build-
ings, and killed fifteen persons.

On the evening of March 17, 1859,
a part of the hill slid down upon St.
Peter's College, then building at the
head of Washington Street, and
destroyed the unfinished structure,
upon which $12,000 had been ex-
pended. The comer-stone had been
laid in 1858.

Lansingburgh, a town in Reus- '
selaer County, was erected March 20,
1807.

Population: 1810, 1,600; 1815, 1,800;
1820, 2,035; 1825, 2,423; 1830, 2,663;
1835. 3.268; 1840, 3,330; 1845.3.982;
1850, 5,752; 1855, 5,700; i860, 5.577;
1865, 6,072; 1870, 6,804; 1875, 6,937;
1 880, 7,764.

Lansingburgh, the village of,
is immediately north of the city of
Troy, and extends along the east bank
of the Hudson, about two and three-
quarter miles, with a width of one
mile eastward of the river. Its site
was called Tascamcatick by the Indi-
ans, and the woodland south of it,
Passquassick. Robert Saunders, a
resident of Albany, acquired the pro-
prietorship of the first-named tract of
land on September I, 1670, to whom
the patent of it was then conveyed by
Francis Lovelace, the English gov-
ernor of the province of New York
under James II. The woodland
south of it, and the island called

186

Whale-Island, Robert launders also
obtained by a patent granted him by
Sir Edmund Andros, March 22, 1679.
On September ig, i68r, he sold a part
of the woodland, Passquassick, which
lay south of the Piscawen Kill,
to Pieter Van Woggleum. (See pages
2 and 3.) On May 26, 1683, the land,
Tascamcatick, Robert Saunders con-
veyed to Joannes Wendell, who after-
ward purchased a piece of woodland
extending from the former tract of
land northward to a certain kill, called
by the Indians Paensick. This prop-
erty was confirmed to him in a patent
dated July 22, 1686, granted by
Thomas Dongari, the English gov-
ernor of the province of New York.
In the instrument the tract is named
Stony (Steene) Arabia. In the third
year of the reign of George III, and
on June 21, 1763, Robert Wendell,
heir of Joannes Wendell, sold a part
of the tract to Abraham Jacob Lan-
sing, for ;(f300. The latter, in the
spring of 1771, had a part of Stony
Arabia surveyed, and a map made of
it. This description appears on the
map filed in the Albany County
clerk's office : " This map describeth
a tract of land lying on the east side
of Hudson's river, about eight miles
above the city of Albany, and is layed
out in a regular square for the erect-
ing a city by the name of Lansing-
burgh ; the lots are one hundred and
twenty five feet long and fifty wide.
The streets are seventy feet wide, and
the alleys twenty feet wide ; the
oblong square (the Green or Park) in
the center is reserved for public uses.
Laid down by a scale of ninety feet to
an inch. June 7. 1771. Joseph
Blanchard, surveyor." The number
of lots delineated upon the map is
288. The plat included the ground
between South, (Eleventh), North,
(Fourteenth), East, (Seventh Avenue),
streets and the Hudson River. King
and Queen streets were changed April

15, 1833, to State and Congress streets.
Abraham Jacob Lansing's purpose in
dividing his farm into building lots was
to make it the site of a city. When emi-
grants from the New Engand state? be-
gan settling there, it was called by
the Dutch, Nieuw Siadt, New City,
in contradistinction to the Oude Stadt,
the Old City, as Albany was then
denominated.

In 1788, Elkanah Watson visited
"New City" and thus wrote respect-
ing it: "This place is thronged by
mercantile emigrants, principally
from New England, who have enjoyed
a very extensive and lucrative trade,
supplying Vermont and the region of
both banks of the Hudson, as far as_
Lake George, with merchandise, and
receiving in payment wheat, pot and
pearl ashes and lumber."

The siie of Lansingburgh at the
head of the navigation of the Hudson
was at first thought to be accessible to
vessels of 100 tons burden. Later the
size of the vessels became a subject of
considerable interest to those en-
gaged in the shipment of grain. The
following paragraphs appeared in the
American Spy of March 8, 1793, pub-
lished in Lansingburgh :

"The sloop Arabia, of 90 tons bur-
den, arrived at this place yesterday,
and is now loading for New York.

"It is of great importance to the
business of the place that vessels of
80 or go tons can generally load at our
docks through the spring season, at
which time most of the produce of the
country is shipped off; and it is con-
templated that the same advantage
will continue through the whole sea-
son after the present year, as dams are
to be erected next summer to give a
sufficient depth of water up to this
town to navigate vessels of 40 and 50
tons burden."

Later the advantages of the village
of Troy as a better point from which

187

to ship £[rain during the season of
navigation predominated

The village was incorporated by
act of legislature passed April 5,
lygo. As recited in the act, "whereas,
in that part of the town of Rensselaers-
wyck, in the county of Albany, * *
* a considerable number of houses
are already erected and occupied by
merchants, mechanics, and others, to
the advancement of commerce and
manufactures in the state; and in
order to enable them to regulate their
internal police and secure the bene-
fits of certain commonable lands lying
within the same, have prayed that
they might be enabled to appoint
trustees," therefore, it was enacted that
John Van Rensselaer, Christopher
Tillman, Elijah Janes, Aaron Ward,
Stephen Gorham, Ezra Hickok and
Levin us Lansing should "be the first
trustees for the freeholders and in-
habitants of that part of the town of
Rensselaerswyck, commonly called
Lansingburgh."

In April, 1791, Lansingburgh be-
came a post-village by the appoint-
ment of Stephen Gorham as deputy
postmaster of the office established
there.

The first church erected in the
village was that of the Reformed
Protestant Dutch congregation; a
wooden building constructed about
the year 1782. on the northwest cor-
ner of John and Richard streets. On
August 9, 1792, a number of Presby-
terians elected Levinus Lansing, John
Lovett, John D. Dickinson, James
Dole, Jonas Morgan, and Shubael
Gorham trustees, known by law "by
the name of the trustees of the First
Presbyterian Church and Congregation
in Lansingburgh." The corner-stone
of the brick meeting-house, built at the
north end of the Green, near Hoosick
Street, was laid on Thursday after-
noon, July 5, 1793, by the Rev. Jonas
Coe, pastor of the united congrega-

tions of Lansihgburgh and Troy. The
building was dedicated June 22, 1794.
Hiram Lodge, No. 35, was the first Ma-
sonic organization in the village. The
warrant for its institution was granted
August 16, 1787. Phoenix Lodge, F.
A. M., No. 361, was granted a war-
rant June 23, 1823, which surrendered
its charter January 6, 1836. The
Baptist society formed June ii, 1803,
erected a wooden meeting-house at
the corner of North and John streets.
The organization of Trinity Church,
Episcopal, was effected January 5,
1804. About the year 1806, a weather-
boarded church was erected by
the congregation on the northwest cor-
ner of John and Market streets. The
Methodists erected a wooden meeting-
house, in 1 8 10, on the bank of the
river, at the foot of Elizabeth Street.
The Bank of Lansingburgh was incor-
porated March 19, 1 813, and began
business in a building known as No.
531 State (King) Street. The bank
discontinued business, March 19, 1877.
The Lansingburgh Academy was char-
tered February 8, 1796. The first
academy was erected midway between
Hoosick and Lansing streets, and
fronted on the Green.

In 1824, the whole number of
houses and stores in the village, in-
cluding the public buildings, was 330.
Its population was 1,650. St. John's
Roman Catholic Church was organ-
ized about the year 1841. The first
church, a small wooden building, on
the southwest corner of John and
North streets, was dedicated in 1844.
In 1836, the village contained six
churches; two Presl»yterian, one Bap-
tist, one Methodist, one Episcopal, and
one Universalist.an academy, six select
and one private schools, several pub-
lic libraries, a printing office, that of
the Lansingburgh Gazette, four hotels,
six wholesale and forty retail stores,
two oil-cloth manufactories, one
brush and bellows factory, one tin

188

factory, one gun and rifle factory, two
breweries, three malsteries, and two
grist mills.

On Sunday, July 9, 1843, between
thirty and forty buildings, on the two
blocks, between State and Congress,
and Elizabeth and Grove streets, were
destroyed by fire. On Sunday night,
July 23, that year, another fire burned
twelve buildings on State Street, be-
tween Richard and Elizabeth streets.
The Rensselaer County Bank began
business in the village, January i,
1853. On July 13, 1872 it discon-
tinued business.

The only banking institution in the
village is the Bank of D. Powers &
Sons' on the northwest corner of
Second avenue and Seventeenth Street.
The bank was established March
20, 1877.

The Union Bridge connects the vil-
lage with Waterford, and at the foot
Twelfth Street, another, built in
1880, with Van Schaick's Island.
There are eight churches in the place :
First Baptist, on the east side of
Fourth Avenue, (John Street), between
Sixteenth and Seventeenth streets.
The society was first formed June 11,
1803, and reorganized, July 28, 1858.
The building formerly belonged to the
Second Presbyterian congregation.
Trinity Church, Episcopal, built in
1870, is on the northwest corner of
Fourth Avenue and Fifteenth Street.
The Danish Lutheran Church is on the
corner of Fourth Avenue and Sixth
Street. The Methodist Episcopal
was erected in 1849, on the northeast
corner of Congress and Elizabeth
streets. The Free Methodist, organ-
ized October 15, 1867, built a house of
worship, on Lmcoln Avenue, between
Elizabeth and Market streets. The
First Presbyterian Church was erected
in 1845, on the east side of Congress
Street, between Elizabeth and Market
streets. Olivet Chapel, Second Pres-
byterian, was erected in 1877, on the

northwest comer of Congress and
Clinton streets. St. Augustine, Ro-
man Catholic, was erected in 1865, on
the east side of John Street, between
Market and Elizabeth streets.

The Lansingburgh Courier, first is-
sued December 24, 1875, is the only
newspaper published in the village.

In 1886, the trustees of the village
changed the names of the streets to
the following :

River Street, First Avenue; State
Street, Second Avenue; Congress
Street, Third Avenue ; John Street,
Fourth Avenue ; Whipple Avenue,
Fifth Avenue ; Ann Street, or Lincoln
Avenue, Sixth Avenue; East Street,
Seventh Avenue ; Hill Street, Eighth
Avenue .

Cemetery Avenue, First Street ;
Van Schaick, Second Street; Thomas,
Third Street ; Gould, Fourth Street;
Vail. Fifth Street ; George, Sixth
Street ; Mill, Seventh Street; Middle.
Eighth Street ; Diamond, Ninth
Street ; Catharine, Tenth Street ;
South, Eleventh Street; Lansing,
Twelfth Street; Hoosick, Thirteenth
Street; North, Fourteenth Street ;
Market. Fifteenth Street; Elizabeth,
Sixteenth Street ; Richard, Seven-
teenth Street; Grove, Eighteenth
Street ; Jay, Nineteenth Street ; Canal,
Twentieth Street; Clinton, Twenty-
first Street ; Mohawk, Twenty-second
street ; Washington, Twenty-third
Street, Mercer, Twenty-fourth Street;
Adams. Twenty-fifth Street; Water-
ford, Twenty-sixth Street.

The thoroughfares running north
and south are called avenues, and
those running east and west, streets.

Market was first called Bancker
Street, and River Street, Water
Street. Ann Street was recently
called Lincoln Avenue. Not many
years ago Pitt Street was named
Whipple Avenue.

The most important manufactories
in the village are those of floor oil-

189

doth, brashes, valves, collars and
cuffs, crackers and biscuits, carriages,
weighing scales, knit goods, malt, and
beer. The first oil-cloth was made
in Lansingburgh by William Powers,
who, on June 17. 1817, advertised him-
self as a manufacturer of it. His
wife and sons, Albert E. and Na-
thaniel B. Powers, under the firm-
name of Deborah Powers & Sons, have
for many years continued the business
in the large buildings on the west
and east sides of Second Avenue,
(State Street), in the south part of the
village. William McMurray began
the business of making brushes in
October, 1818, in the north part of
Lansingburgh. in a building on King
Street, opposite the store of S. J.
Penniman. The > manufacture of
crackers was undertaken in 1806, by
the father of Joseph Fox. deceased.
Edward Tracy, malster, still con-
tinues the business which for many
years has been an extensive one.

The Ludlow Valve Manufacturing
Company's works are on the east side
of Second Avenue, near the northern
limits of the city of Troy.

Jessen, McCollum, & Co., (John F.
Jessen, William McCollum and John
H. Franklin, continue the manu-
facture of crackers and biscuits in the
Fox Building, on the northeast comer
of Second Avenue and Sixteenth
Street. Bolton & Skillman, (C. Bol-
ton and George £. Skillman), succes-
sors to R. M. Defreest, are also largely
engaged in manufacturing crackers on
the northwest comer of First Avenue
and Seventeenth Street. The firm
was formed May i, 1886.

Thompson & Grant, (M. Thompson
and L. D. Grant), at No. 553 and at
No. 585 Fifth Avenue, besides manu-
facturing a general line of toilet
brashes and hand -mirrors have ob-
tained no little reputation by making
the xoid (white) bmshes and hand-
mirrors.

E. Waters & Sons, (George A. and
Clarence W.), the well-known makers
of paper boats, paper domes, and pal-
leys, have their manufactory on First
Avenue, between Thirteenth and
Fourteenth Streets.

The Troy Carriage Works. James
K. P. Pine proprietor, and John S.
Wilbur, superintendent, are on the
southeast comer of Second Avenue
and Twenty-first Street. A full line
of first-class vehicles, from the light-
est wagon to the finest landau, is made
at the works.

The ^tna Hosiery Mills, William
A. Harder, proprietor, on the east
side of Second Avenue, near the north-
em limits of Troy, give employment
to a lai^e number of operatives.

The collar and cuff manufactory,
erected by James K. P. Pine in 1884,
on the southeast comer of Second
Avenue (State Street) and Twenty-
first (Clinton) Street, has a frontage of
250 feet and a depth of 53. The two
brick buildings, in the rear of the large,
five-story brick structure, are each
three stories high; the one, 40 by 50
feet, the other, 28 by 65 feet. The
enterprising manufacturer of the well-
known ''Lion Brand" of men's linen
collars and cuffs, began the business
in the city of Troy, in 1862, then asso-
ciated with H. W. Cole and Clinton
M. Dyer, under the firm-name of
Cole, Dyer, & Pine, manufacturing in
the Gurley Building, on Fulton
Street.

In 1867, the firm of Dyer & Pine
succeeded to the business, which in
1868 was continued by that of Pine &
Miller (H. B. Miller), at the same
place. In 1869, Thomas M. Dun-
tiam was admitted a member of the
firm, which then took the name of
Pine, Miller, & Dunham. In 1874, the
firm moved to the building No. 269
River Street, and in 1876 to Nos. 15
and 17 Third Street. In 1874, the
firm of Pine, Adams, (Charles H.), &

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191

Dunham was formed, which in the fol%
lowing year occupied the firm's new
building. Nos. 60, 62 and 64 Sixth
Street. In August, that year, Charles
H. Adams died. In 1879. James K.
P. Pine entered into partnership with
M)rron C- Hamblin under the firm-
name of Pine & Hamblin. On the
death of the junior partiier. in June,
1880, James K. P. Pine continued the
business. In 1884. he built the pres-
ent manufactory, which he occupied
in November, that year. The excel-
lence of the "Lion Brand" of men's
collars and cuffs has obtained for them
a wide-territorial reputation in the
United States and Canada. The sales-
rooms of the establishment are at No.
675 Broadway. New York; at No. 12
Summer Street. Boston; and at No.
128 Fifth Avenue, Chicago.

The Sans Souct Club, organized as
a social club. October, 12 1867, took
its name October 28, 1868, and be-
came incorporated October 25, 1875.
The club-house, on the northwest
comer of First Avenue and Fifteenth
Street, was occupied in March, 1876,

Since 1787, seventeen newspapers
have been published in Laosingburgh.
(Sec Newspapers.)

The village government is admin-
L-tered by a board of eight trustees,
two from each ward. The apparatus
of the fire department embraces two
steam fire engines, two hose carts, and
one hook and ladder truck.

The population of Lansingburgh,
estimated from 1771 to 1815,
was in 1770, 50; 1780, 400:
1790, 500; 1795, 900; 1800, i,2cx);
1805, 1. 400; 1810, 1,600; 1815. 1.800;
1820, 2,035; 1825, 2,423; 1830, 2;-
663; 1835, 3.268; 1840. 3,330; 1845.
3.982; 1850, 5.752; 1855, 5.700; i860,
5.577; 1865, 6,072; 1870, 6,802; 1875,
6,937; 1880, 7,760.

IiEUndries. — The reputation
which the city has obtained for the

excellence of its laundries is not
wholly due to the experience of the
employes and the merits of the ma-
chinery used. The peculiar composi-
tion of the blueing and starching sub-
stances originated by the competitive
laundrymen and the detergent pro-
perties of the water of the place have
largely preponderated in the develop-
ment of this widely-known prestige.
Two score years ago the business was
b^;nn in Troy by Independence
Starks. who established a manufac-
turers* laundry at No. 66 North
Second Street. Although many of
the operations of laundering are re-
stricted to machinery not a few are ac-
complished by the dextrous hands of
skillful employes. An expert starcher
can rub 100 dozen of collars in a day,
The employes earn from $2.50 to $20
a week. More than two thousand
girls and women are engaged in the
Troy laundries and annually earn not
less than 1 1,000,000.

The Wiles Laundering Com-
pany, limited, No. 15 Sixth Street,
possesses one of the largest and most
patronized laundries of manufacturers'
goods in the city. The machinery in
the different departments of the es-
tablishment is ingeniously designed
to wash, to dry. to starch, to dampen,
and to iron in a rapid and superior
manner. The experienced manager
of the laundry, Thomas S. Wiles, is
the inventor of the notable ironing
machines, patented in 1873 and 1876,
which singly iron in a day a thousand
dozen of collars. The large number
of female operatives employed is care-
fully instructed in the manipulative
processes by which the goods are made
acceptable to the manufacturers pa-
tronizing this well-known laundry.
In the art of blueing and starching
the company has attained an enviable
distinction. The founder of the
laundry, Thomas S. Wiles, en-
gaged in the business in Troy

192

in 1864, in a building on William
Street, between Fulton and Grand
Division streets. In 1867, he moved
to a building on Bridge Avenue,
where, having designated his estab-
lishment the St. Nicholas Laundry, he
continued the business until 1872,
when he occupied a part of the build-
ing. No. 17 Union Street. In the fol-
lowing year, he and Alonzo S. Adams
formed the firm of Thomas S. Wiles &
Co. In 1877, he again individually
undertook the management of the
business. The Wiles Laundering
Company was organized in March.
1879, when Walter F. Hurcomb
was elected its president; Jacob
H. Ten Eyck, secretary; Nathan
D. Wendell, treasurer; and Thomas S.
Wiles, manager. On the death of N.
D. Wendell in January, 1886, M. E.
Wendell, previously superintendent of
the laundry, was chosen treasurer of
the company. In 1879. the company
occupied the building. No. 15 Sixth
Street, and continued the occupation
of the building in the rear of it, on
Union Street.

Wales & Price, Champion Steam
Laundry, southeast corner of River
and Vanderheyden streets. The cus-
tom business of this excellent laundry
extends from the St. Lawrence River
to the Rio Grande, Texas, and from
the Atlantic westward to the Pacific
Ocean. Packages, hampers, and
boxes containing soiled collars, cuffs,
and shirts are daily received at the
establishment from different distant
places within this widely-spread terri-
tory. The goods are quickly laundered
and forwarded with dispatch to their
destinations. The business was begun
by Greenman & Witbeck, at No. 134
Congress Street in 1867, who were
succeeded by Calvin Whyland in
1872; James D. Davis & Co., in 1874;
Grant & Wales, January i, 1882;
Wales, Bennit & Co., May 18, 1883;
Wales, Price, & Co., November 10,

1884; and Wales & Price, (Frederick
K. Wales and Williard M. Price).
November 10, 1885.

Laureate Boat Club, was or-
ganized June 19, 1866. The boat-
house is at the foot of Laureate
Avenuel

Leather.—

I. N. Haight, dealer in boot, shoe
and harness leather, foreign and do-
mestic; also boot and shoe uppers,
fronts and footings. No. 114 Congress
Street, south side, between Fourth
and Fifth streets.. Business estab-
lished in 1840.

Smith & Pollock, wholesale and
retail dealers in leather and findings,
No. 355 River Street. The business
was begun by Ross & Smith, in 1843,
at No. 179 River Street. Lampson
Smith and Philander Pollock formed
the firm in 1874. Thomas W.
Patterson was admitted a partner
February I, 1883.

John Halligan, wholesale and
retail dealer in leather and findings,
and manufacturer of gaiter-uppers.
No. 104 Congress Street. He began
the business in 1870.

Libraries. — (See Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute; Railroao
Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion; Troy Young Men*s Assoc fa-
tion; Troy Young Men's Catho-
Lie Literary Association.) n

Literary Club, Ladies', or-
ganized in 1879, with sixteen mem-
bers, meets weekly, except in the
summer months.

Livery, Boarding and Sale
Stables, Charles W, DeFieest, No.
88 Third Street, east side, between
State and Congress streets; and also

193

No. 12 SUte Street. The long-sus-
tained distinction of the Palace Stables
for carefuUjr-groomed, handsomely-
harnessed, and stylish horses, clean,
bright and fashionable vehicles, and
skilled and polite drivers is a matter
of no common fame in the city. The
large number of horses, coaches, and
employes of the establishment enable
the proprietor to provide at short no-
tice such of them as may be desired
for weddings, funerals, and other oc-
casions at reasonable rates. As
boarding stables they are conducted
with all the care and regularity de-
manded by the most exacting owners of
horses. The business to which Charles
W. De Freest individually succeeded
in 1879, was undertaken in 1863 by
him and Martin Van Evren under the
firm-name of Van Evren & De Freest,
at No 36 Second Street On the dis-
solution of the firm in 1865, Charles
W. De Freest conducted it until the
partnership of the De Freest Brothers,
(Charles W. and James T.), was
formed in 1871, and the Palace Stables
opened at No. 88 Third Street. In
1 88 1. Charles W. De Freest connected
with the establishment the stables
No. 12 State Street. Orders given at
the office. No. 88 Third Street, either
in person or by telephone, at any hour
of the day and night, will have imme-
diate attention.

Lutheran Church.—

Trinity German Evangelical
Lutheran Church, east side of River
Street, between Hutton and Hoosick
streets. The Rev. P. Eirich of Albany
having at different times preached to a
number of German Lutherans in Troy
they finally expressed a w illingness to
become members of an organized
church. The Rev. Theodore Maas
on September 3, 1871, took charge
of the society, which, on October 15 of
that year, formally took the name of

the Trinity German Evangelical Lu-
theran Church. The coogregatioa
first worshiped in an upper room
in Green's Building, on the southeast
comer of Broadway and Fourth Street.
Afterward the site of the present
diurch was purchased on whidi was a
weather-boarded building, which was
renovated for the use of the society.
It was burned December 7, 1879.
The comer-stone of the present brick
edifice was laid August 22, 1880, and
the church dedicated January 16, 1881.
Members about 7a

Pastors: Theodore Maas, Septem-
ber 3, 1871 to May 15, 1873; F. Goes-
sling, June 15, 1873 to October 15,
1882; H. Beiderbecke, October 31.
1882 to present time.

Machinery Manufacturers.—

W. H. ToLHURST & Son. machin-
ists, northeast comer of Fulton and
Sixth streets. The firm manufac-
tures machinery of all descriptions,
but mostly that which is used in mak-
ing and finishing collars, cufis, and
shirts. The enterprise of the firm has
been directed to the construction of a
number of popular appliances by
which the laundering of these goods is
accomplished with great perfection
and rapidity. Tolhurst*s improved
self-balancing hydro-extractor for re-
moving water from washed goods is
highly commended by laundrymen,
knit, and woolen goods manufacturers
in all parts of the United States for
its easy action, durability, and ef-
ficiency. The firm's improved plait-
ing machine for plaiting shirt bosoms
is the only machine used for the pur-
pose by the manufacturers of shirts in
Troy and in many other places. The
wing disc fan or exhauster sold by
Tolhurst & Son, used in numerous
manufactories in the country, obtained
a medal from the American Institute
in 1882. Besides being agents for the

194

Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Com-
pany's standard gears, the firm makes
shafting, pulleys, and hangers, im-
proved attachments for running sew-
ing machines by steam power, ma-,
chinery patterns, mechanical drawings,
and models. The business was be-
gun by William H. Tolhurst in a
building on the northwest comer of
Mechanic and' Fulton streets in 1856.
In 1862, he moved to the building No.

occupied by him in. the spring of 1882,
is a four'Story, brick building, fronting,
fifty-two feet on Sixth Street and fifty-
four on Fulton Street, and extending
eastward seventy-nine feet. A five-
story, brick building was erected after-
ward as an addition to it, extending
from it to the alley; running from Ful-
ton to Grand Division streets. On
January i, 1884, William H. Tolhurst
associated his son, Charles H., with

W. H. TOLHURST & SON'S MACHINE WORKS.

311 River Street, whence he changed
his place of business in 1865 to the
rear part of the building No. ig Sixth
Street, west side, between Fulton and
Grand Divisions streets. In 1870, he
occupied a part of the Union Building,
Nos. 7, 9, and 11, on the west side of
Sixth Street. In 188 1, he began the
erection of his machine works on the
northeast comer of Fulton and Sixth
streets. The attractive establishment,

him in the business; the firm taking
the name of W. H. Tolhurst & Son.

Malleable Iron.— (See Troy
Malleable Iron Company.)

Malt-Making« — One of the larg-
est structures in the city of Troy is C.
F. Conkey's brick malt-houfe, on the
northeast comer of River and Adams

X
§

196

streets. It is six stories high, with a
frontage of one hundred and sixty-
five feet and a depth of seventy-five
feet On its floors, two hundred
thousand bushels of malt can be ma-
nipulated and stored. The drying
kilns, designed and patented by An-
thony Pfund of New York, are used
in the making of malt in this estab-
lishment with the most satisfactory re-
sults, and are believed to be the best
in the United States. The building
is excellently ventilated. The process
of converting barley into malt in-
cludes steeping, couching, flooring,
and kiln drying. In the kilns the
grain is subjected to a temperature
ranging from 90® Fahrenheit to 150**.
The chemical changes which barley
undergoes to become malt are tabu-
lated in this form :
Composition. Barley. Malt.

Hordeine 55 12

Starch 32 56

Sugar 5 I5»

Gluten 3 I

Gum 4 15

Resin i i

The business career of C. F. Conkey
began in 1856, when he entered into
partnership with John M. Van Bus-
kirk, under the firm-name of Conkey
& Van Buskirk, malsters; the malt-
house being on the northwest corner
of Canal Avenue and Second Street.
On the dissolution of the partnership,
in i860, C. F. Conkey continued in
the business. In 1864, he purchased
the Read Brothers* malt-house, on the
northeast corner of Ferry and Sixth
streets. In 1867, he purchased the
plat of ground, the site of his present
malt-house, having a measurement of
two hundred and fifty feet on River
Street and one hundred and thirty on
Adams Street. In the spring of 1876,
he erected the large malt-house, in
which, in the fall of the same year,

he began making malt. The building
is adjacent the tracks of the Hudson
River and New York Central, and
the Troy and Boston railroads, which
contribute available facilities for the
receipt and shipment of barley and
malt. His success as a malster is ap-
parent in the large shipments of malt
to many brewers in the state of New
York and in the New England states.

Mansion House, one of the

largest hotels in the city, is on the
northeast corner of Broadway and
Second Street.

Mantels, Marbleized Slate —

C. W. Billings, manufacturer of
marbleized slate mantels, southeast
corner of North Third and Hutton
streets. The art of counterfeiting
the handiwork of Nature has been at-
tained to such perfection as to cause
no little astonishment to those who
for the first time inspect the excellent
imitations made by man. By mechan-
ical and chemical processes a marble-
ized slate is made at the manufactory
of Charles W. Billings which seems
not only to possess the varied tracery
of veined marble and all the effects of
the natural stone, but, singular, as it
is true, it preserves its lustre longer
and is not discolorable as the latter.
The slate is obtained from quarries in
Vermont, and is subjected at the
works in Troy to the tools of the pat-
tern-designer and afterward to the ^
processes of undertoning and mar- \
bling, and finally to the action of
heat. The ' marbles of Spain, of
Egypt, and of this country are so
faithfully imitated that it is difficult to
detect the dissimilarity existing be-
tween the real and the manufactured
specimens. The imitations of rose-
wood, walnut, and other ornamental
wood also manufactured at the es-
tablishment, are very attractive and

197

beautiful. The mantels con-
structed with them and the
marbleized slate are very elaborate
and artistic. Mounted in brass or
other metallic frames, with fenders of
the same metal, they ornament a par-
lor, sitting-room, or library in a hand-
some manner. Besides manufacturing
marbleized slate and wood mantels,
C. W. Billings also employs his
skilled workmen in making marble-
ized bureau, wash-stand, and table

North Third and Hutton streets,
previously the Pond Brothers*
foundry. In 1866, his son, C. W.
Billings, succeeded to the business, who
afterward renovated and enlarged the
building to meet the demands of the
rapidly increased patronage which his
enterprise and productions had ob-
tained.

Marble-work.— (See Mantels,
and Monuments).

C. W. BILLINGS MANTEL WORKS.

slabs, hearth tiles and facings, floor-
liles, improved grates, and many other
useful and decorative specialities.
The manufactory is a large, three-
story, brick building, fronting seventy-
eight feet on North Third Street and
extending one hundred and thirty to
North Fourth Street. The business
was begun, in i860, by Edwin A.
Billings, the father of the present pro-
prietor of the works, at No. 421 River
Street. In 1861, he moved to the
building on the southeast corner of

Masonic Organizations.— At

the time that the first emigrants from
the New England States began set-
tling on the site of Troy, Hiram
Lodge, No. 35, of Ancient Free and
Accepted Masons, at Lansingburgh,
was the only body of the fraternity in
the state north of Albany. The war-
rant granting the lodge's institution
was given August 16, 1787.

Apollo Lodge, No. 49. In the
spring of 1796, a number of Masons

108

in the village of Troy circulated a pe-
tition to obtain a warrant from the
Grand Lodge enpowering them to
form a lodge to be named Apollo
Lodge. The petitioners were John
Bird. John Woodworth, Samuel
Miner, John Efnor, Chester Trues-
dell, Howard Moulton, Thomas
Sickles, William Roberts, Elbert
Willett, jr„ David B. Lynsen, John
Weller, William White, Benjamin
Gorton, Samuel Gale, Jeremiah
Pierce, Stephen Ashley, Lyman Ellis,
Marvel Ellis. David Squires, John
Landon, Nicholas M. Servat, Jesse
Bacon, and John Pease. In the latter
part of May, the paper was sent to
the Grand Lodge, which, on June 19,
that year, acceded to the request of the
petitioners and empowered them to
form a lodge to be distinguished by
the name of Apollo Lodge, No. 49.
On December 5, 1796, the organizers
of the lodge met and selected the sub-
ordinate officers. Meanwhile a room
in Howard Moulton's Coffee House,
on the west side of Second Street, af-
terward renovated and made the
Troy Female Seminary, was suitably
furnished for the meetings of the lodge. "
which met there on Monday, Decem-
ber 12, when the first officers were duly
installed. The occasion had the fol*
lowing mention made of it in the
American Spy of December 13, 1796,
published in Lansingburgh:

•* Yesterday was installed in this
village [Troy] a new lodge by the
name of Apollo Lodge. The officers
nominated in the charter are John
Bird, Esq., W. Master; John Wood-
worth, Esq., Senior Warden; and Mr.
Samuel Miner, Junior Warden. The
ceremony of installation was per-
formed by Mr. James Dole, Master
of Hiram Lodge, Lansingburgh, to-
gether with his officers, and some of the
respectable and knowing Masons of the
city of Albany, who, with the members
of the new lodge and occasional vis-

itants, moved in solemn procession
from Mr. Ashley's inn to Mr. Moulton's
Lodge Chamber, where the ceremony
wasperformed. The greatest decorum
was maintained, and the cheerful yet
decent hilarity which was excited on
the occasion did honor to the prin-
ciples of the Institution and to Xht
respectable characters who composed
the company. We have reason to
hope the new constellation will shed
with steady and superior light in the
galaxy of the royal art."

The subordinate officers installed
weie Marvel Ellis, treasurer; Jesse
Bacon, secretary; Lyman Ellis, senior
deacon; Chester Truesdell, junior dea-
con; Howard Moulton, senior steward;
and Benjamin Gorton, junior steward.
On Tuesday, December 13, the first
regular communication was held,
and on Tuesday evening, Janu-
ary 3, 1797, the by-laws were adopted.
The first and third Tuesday of each
month, between September '25 and
March 25, and the first Tuesday of
each month between March 25 and
September 25, **at the hour of six
in the evening," were designated
* 'general or publick lodge nights."

The lodge, in May, 1797, purchased
a bassoon, a violoncello, two clarionets,
a hautboy, and a French horn, with
which some of the members furnished
instrumental music. The instruments
were sometimes borrowed and used on
certain occasions in the Presbyterian
meeting-house. In October, 1799,
a lodge was 'fitted and furnished in
Pierce's inn, on River Street, near
Ferry Street, and was occupied until
the spring of 18 13, when another in
the tavern of Zachariah Curtis, on the
southeast corner of Third and Elbow
(Fulton) streets, was rented. In 1824,
St. John's Hall, a large room in the
Troy House, was fitted for the use of
Apollo Lodge and the members of
Apollo Chapter of Royal Arch Ma-
sons. It was dedicated on Saturday

199

evening, February 7, that year. It was
there, on September 18, 1824, that the
Marquis de La Fayette was received
under an arch inscribed : '* Welcome
La Fayette," lettered by Ebenezer
Prescotf, deceased, one of the early
members of the lodge. In March,
1834, a lodge-room was occupied in
Huddleston Hall, Nos, 264 and 268
River Street. The room was also
called St. John's Hall.

Apollo Lodge, No. 13, received
this numerical designation in 1839
from the Grand Lodge which, on ac-
count of the secession of certain lodges
in the state, then renumbered those
remaining under its jurisdiction. In
1842, the new rooms in the Masonic
Hall, No. 279 River Street, were oc-
cupied by Apollo Lodge. Those
fitted for its use in the Mutual Bank
Building, on the northeast comer of
First and State streets, were dedica-
ted, December 27. 1853. On the
second Tuesday in April. 1872, the
first regular communication was held
by the lodge in the newly erected
Masonic Temple on Third Street.
The lodge's stated communications are
held on Tuesdays.

King Solomon's Primitive
Lodge, No. 91, was chartered June
4. 1842. The lodge was organized
June 30, that year, and on August 11,
the first officers were installed at Ma-
sonic Hall, No. 279 River Street.
They were Achille J. Rousseau, w. m. ;
John S. Perry, s. w.; Joseph A. Wood,
j. w.; S. G. Huntington, treasurer; G.
H. Bull, secretory; N. T. Woodruff,
s. d. ; H. K. Smith, j. d. The lodge's
stated communications are held on
Thursdays in the Masonic Temple.

Mount Zion Lodge, No. 311,
was chartered June 13, 1853, and in-
stituted July II, that year. First
three officers: John S. Perry, w. m.;
James S. Keeler, s. w.; Riley W.
Kenyon, j. w. The lodge's stated

communications are held on Mondajrs
in the Masonic Temple.

Apollo Mark Masters' Lodge,
No. 35, was organized in 1807.
First three officers: Ira M. Wells, r.
w. m.; S: F. Richards and Samnel
Reed.

Apollo Chapter of Royal Arch
Masons, No. 48, was chartered Feb-
uary 10, 1816. First three officers:
Ira M. WeUs. h. p.; WUUam Neafust,
k.; Asa Athony s.

Delta Lodge of Perfection, in-
effable degrees, 4**-i4**, was organ-
ized in 1870. Regular communication
on the third Friday of each month.

Delta Council P. of J. Ancient
and traditional grades, 15^ and 160.
Regular convocation on the third
Friday of each month.

Delta Chapter Rose Croix.
Philosophical, doctrinal, and chivalric
grades, 17® and 18°. Regular meet-
ings, first Friday of each month.

Bloss Council. No. 14, R. and S.
M., was organized, November 23, 1859,
under the dispensation and warrant,
granted, November 16, that year.
Stated assembly first Friday of each
month.

Apollo Commander y. No. 15,
Knights Templars, was organized
under a dispensation granted August
12. 1839. O^ August 26, that year,
the following officers were installed at
St. John's Hall: Sir Joel G. Candee,
p.; Abel Wetherbee, s. w.; James
Hinds, j. w.; Simeon Rowell,
treasurer; Stephen C. Leggett, re-
corder, Benjamin Marshall, s. b.,
George W. Hicks, s. b,; John S,
Perry, w.; and Richmond Jones,
Jacob Danker, and Harris W. Bates,
guards. Warrant granted by the
Grand Commandery, June 4,
1 841. First grand commander,
Thomas S.Wells. Stated conclaves are

200

held on the second and fourth the Masonic organizations of the city
Fridays of each month in the Masonic to procure a site and to erect on it a
Temple. building for the use of the fraternity

Fz p« ' « hi i][|ii p| II ^: v.| I .^ 'a I - |l P ^j"

MASONIC TEMPLE.

Masonic Temple, west side of
Third Street, between Broadway and
River Street. At the beginning of
the year 1871, it was deemed advis-
able by the general room-committee of

in Troy. On January 17, that year,
the committee determined to purchase
for $30,000 the two lots on which the
temple is built. The Masonic Hall
Association was incorporated February

201

I5» 1871, with a capital stock of $75,-
000, divided into 3000 shares of $25.
On June 19, 1 871, the erection of the
building was begun: the first stone
of the foundation being laid that
day. On August 2, the cor-
ner-stone was laid by George
Babcock. (acting) grand master of an
emergent grand Ic^e of the stale of
New York; a large number of the
members of the Grand Lodge and of
the Masonic lodges in the city, and
of those of West Troy, Cohoes, and
Lansingburgh having previously
moved in a procession through some
of the streets of the city. Jesse B.
Anthony, Past Master of King Solo-
mon's Primitive Lodge, delivered the
oration. The temple was dedicated
April 2, 1872. The total cost of the
site, the buildings and its furniture
was about $100,000. The building
has a frontage of fifty feet and a
depth of one hundred and thirty-four
feet. The different rooms in it are
suitably and handsomely furnished.

Mayors. — The persons holding
the office of mayor until 1821 were ap-
pointed annually by the governor and
council of appointment of the state;
afterward until 1840, they were elec-
ted annually by the common council,
then, and subsequently by the people:

Albert Pawling, 1816— 1820; Esaias
Warren, 1820 — 1828; Samuel McCoun, •
182S— 1830; George Tibbits, 1830—
1836; Richard P. Hart, 1836—1838,
Jonas C. Heartt, 1838— 1843; Gur-;
don Coming, 1843 — 1847; Francis N.
Mann, 1847 — 1850; Day O. Kellogg,
1850 to November, 1850: Hanford N,
Lockwood, November, 1850 to March,
185 1; Joseph M. Warren, 1851 — 1852;
George Gould, 1852 — 185'?; Foster
Bosworth, 1853 to December. 1853;
Elias Plum,December, 1853 to March,
1854; Jonathan Edwards, 1854 — 1855;
John A. Griswold, 1855 — 1856; Hiram
Slocum, 1856— 1857; Alfred Wotkyns,

1857— 1858; Arba Read, 1858— 1860;
Isaac McConihe, jr., i860— 1861;
George B. Warren, jr., 1861— 1862;
James Thorn, 1862— 1863; William
L. Van Alstyne, 1863— 1864; James
Thorn, 1864— 1865; Uri Gilbert,
1865— 1866; John L. Flagg, 1866—
1868; Miles Beach, 1868— 1870; Uri
Gilbert, 1870— 187 1 ; Thomas B.
Caroll, 1 87 1 — 1873 ; William Kemp,
1873 — 1875 ; Edward Murphy, jr.,
1875, to November 14, 1882; Ed-
mund Fitzgerald, November 14.
1882, to present time.

McCarthy Building, Nos.255,
257, 259 River Street, was erected in
1883 by Peter McCarthy. Isaac Keith,
dealer in furniture, occupies a part of
the building. (See Furniture.) W.
A. Sherman, dealer in stoves and
house furnishing goods, and agent for
the sale in Troy and vicinity of the
Fuller & Warren Company's stoves
and furnaces, has his warerooms in
the north part of the attractive struc-
ture.

Mechanioville, incorporated
July 16, 1859, is a station on the
Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad,
twelve miles from Troy. It is also a
station on the Boston, Hoosac
Tunnel and Western Railway. It
was early known as "the Borough."
It contains five churches, an academy,
three hotels, a number of stores, and
several large manufactories. The
Mechanicville Mercury is the only
newspaper published in the village.
Population 1,265.

Medical Societies.—

Rensselaer County Homeo-
pathic Medical Society was organ-
ized in Troy, October 6, 1859.

Rensselaer County Medical
Society was organized in the court-
house, on Tuesday, July i, 1806.

McCarthy Building.

First officers: Benjamin Woodward,
president; John Loudon, vice-presi-
dent; Samuel Gale, treasurer; Ira
M. Wells, secretary; Ely Burritt,
Moses Willard, Hezekiah Eldridge,
David Doolittle, and Benjamin Rowe,
censors. The society meets annually
on the second Tuesday in January,
and holds stated meetings on the
second Tuesday of each month,except-
ing in the months of January, June,
July, and August, in the rooms of the
Board of Health, in the city-hall.

Men's Furnishing Goods.—

J. E. ScHOONMAKER & Cc, men's
furnishing goods. No. 9 Mansion
House, north side of Broadway, be-
tween Second and Third streets. The
distinction of manufacturing and sell-
ing only such goods as are worthy of
commendation for excellence of ma-
terial and perfection of workmanship
has obtained for this firm the marked
popularity it enjoys. The behests of
fashion are seasonably expressed in
the style and class of the goods found
in the large and varied stock of the
firm. Fine shirts, attractive under-
wear, stylish collars and cuffs, hand-
some neckwear, plain and fancy hand-
kerchiefs, prettily patterned hosiery,
perfectly fitting kid and other desir-
able gloves, a large number of suspend-
ers and patented braces, elaborately
made dressing-gowns, smoking caps,
gentlemen's jewelry, silk and mohair
umbrellas, canes and walking-sticks,
are contained in the stock of the
firm's well-appointed store. The
business was begun by Cluetts &
Burrage, at No. 248 River Street,
whence in 1874, it was moved to No.
7 Cannon Place, where, in 1876,
Robert Cluett & Co., (George B.
Cluett, Bro. & Co.) succeeded to it. In
1879, J* ^* Schoonmaker became a
copartner with Robert Cluett, and
they conducted the business as Robert

Cluett & Co., at No. 8 Cannon Place.
On September i, 1880, the latter firm
was succeeded by that of J. E. Schoon-
maker & Co., at No. 270 River
Street. On December 10, 1884, the
firm moved to its present store. No. ^
9 Mansion House.

StAMPER & Strait, men's fur-
nishing goods, No. 316 River Street.
(See Addenda.)

Mercantile Agency, The,
of R. G. Dun & Co., Henry C.
Smith, manager, is on the second floor
of the building No. 280 River Street.
This local bureau of information re-
lating to the financial standing of men
engaged in the business in this city
and in other places in the United
States is a branch of the long-estab-
lished continental agency founded in
1 841 by Lewis Tappan, who, in 1845,
formed a partnership with Benjamin
-Douglass. On the former's with-
drawal from the business in 1849,
Arthur Tappan, his brother, and Ben-
jamin Douglass, under the firm-name
of Tappan & Douglass conducted the
prosperous agency until 1854, when
the firm of B. Douglass & Co., took its
management. On the retirement of
the senior member in 1859, R. G.
Dun, the junior partner, took con-
trol of the business, which now is so
extensive that the July edition of the
agency's reference book contained the
names and ratings of not less than a
million of individuals, firms, and cor-
porations doing business in this
country.

The Troy branch was established in
1872, with R. H. Stevens, manager ;
the office being on the second floor of
the building. No. 276 River Street. In
1877, when E. S. Scranton was man-
ager, large rooms on the second story
of the building. No. 267 River Street,
west side, were occupied. E. S.
Scranton, in 1880, was succeeded by

204

George F. Sims. On the latter's death
in April, 1 88 1, Henry C. Smith, the
present efficient manager, became his
successor. The daily information ob-
tained by the company is made avail-
able to its patrons both by printed
sheets and special notifications. The
offices are suitably fitted and furnished
for the transaction of the large local
business of this prominent mercantile
agency.

Messenger Service. — (See
American District Telegraph
Company.)

Methodist Episcopal
Churches. — There are nine Metho-
dist Churches in the city.

State Street Church, north-
west corner of Slate and Fifth streets.
The organization of the first society
of Methodists in Troy was effected by
the pioneer preachers of the Cam-
bridge circuit established in 1788.
As early as 1793, there were a few
followers of John Wesley in the vil-
lage holding prayer- meetings. Troy
was included m the Cambridge cir-
cuit in 1795. The class had thirteen
members in 1797. It is recorded in the
minutes of the quarterly conference
that a Brother Betts reported for
Troy. Lorenzo Dow, on the Cam-
bridge circuit, visited the village in
1797, and preached in the houses of
some of the members of the society.
In 1800, the Rev. Michael Coates of
the Pittsfield circuit, to which Troy
was then connected, statedly preached
in the village; the class having thirty
members under the leadership of
William Cleveland. Among the most
zealous Methodists in Troy at this
time were Joel Ketchura, Caleb
Curtis, Samuel Goodrich, sr., Ben-
jamin Betts, William Cleveland,
Stephen Andres, and Archibald Gray.
In 1802, the Rev. Elias Vanderlip,

became discouraged with the back-
slidings of some of the members of the
class and withdrew his appointment of
preaching in the village. It is said
that Caleb Curtis and several women
were the only persons representing
the society during the period of de-
clension. At the former's, house, the
Rev. Samuel Howe preached, as also
did Lorenzo Dow, in 1802, "two
evenings in succession, the room and
entry " being ** filled with neighbors."
The celebrated itinerant, in his
journal, mentions his visits to Troy,
** where there was some revival of the
class." In 1805, the Rev. Elijah
Chichester revived the society and en-
rolled the names of seven class-mem-
bers; Caleb Curtis being class leader.
The inconveniences of holding meet-
ings in the rooms of dwelling houses
and in the court-house led the mem-
bers of the growing society to elect
trustees according to the laws of the
state of New York, and thereafter to
erect a house of worship. On Decem-
ber 8, 1 808, David Canfield, Eliph-
alet King, and Samuel Scoby, were
elected trustees of the ** Methodist ^
Episcopal Church of the village of
Troy." Two lots, numbered 743 and
744, on the east side of State Street,
and on the northeast comer of the
alley, between Fourth and Fifth
streets, price $500, were obtained of
Jacob D. Van der Heyden; the so-
ciety paying an interest of $35 an-
nually until it was able to make the
purchase of the ground. On January
2, 1809, ^ subscription was begun to
obtain money *'for the purpose of
building a meeting-house for divine
worship." The same year, the erection
of a weather-boarded building, two
stories high, was undertaken. The
society not having sufficient funds to
complete the meeting-house, common
wooden benches and a plain pnlpit
took the place of more desirable
furniture. In 18 10, the Rev. William

SECOND AND THIRD STATE STREET M. E. CHURCHES, 1871.

206

Phoebus was appointed to the pastor-
ate of the church, but **he found no
prospect of an adequate support and
he left the charge by the consent of
the presiding elder/' The member-
ship was much increased by the re-
vival of February, 1811, conducted
by the Rev. Lewis Pease of the
Lebanon circuit. Shortly afterward
the Rev. Smith Arnold was appointed
to the pastorate and served the con-
gregation acceptably for one year.
He was succeeded by the Rev. Peter
P. Sanford in 18 12. As there were
no quarterly meetings held in Troy
before the erection of the church, no
love-feasts were held, nor were the
the sacraments of the Lord's
Supper celebrated. Those of the
members desiring to be partici-
pants of them went to Ashgrove, in
the town of Cainbridge, but more
frequently to Pittstown or Cooks-
borough. In 1827, the **old white
church" was moved to the northwest
comer of State and Fifth streets,
where it was shortly afterward used
for the sittings of the courts while the
present court-house was building. On
the plat of ground occtlpied by the
first meeting-house, a brick edifice,
fifty-five feet wide and sixty-six long,
was erected. It was dedicated by
Bishop Hedding, December i, 1827.
In 1867, the erection of the present
attractive stone edifice was under-
taken. On Thursday afternoon,
June 25, 1868, the corner-stone was
laid by the Rev. Truman Seymour;
the Rev. George W. Brown, pastor,
assisting. Addresses were delivered
by the Rev. Stephen D. Brown of
New York, and the Rev. Erastus
Wentworth, D. D. of Pittsfield,
Mass. The building erected accord-
ing to the plans of the architects,
Woollett & Ogden, was completed,
excepting the steeple, in 1871. On
Thursday morning, March 30, the
church ^was dedicated by Bishop

Matthew Simpson, who preached the
dedicatory sermon. The edifice has
a frontage of 75 feet on State Street,
and a depth of 100 feet on Fifth
Street. The auditorium, 59 by 70
feet, has 650 sittings; the gallery 250.
The tower, 19 feet square, rises to
the height of 85 feet; when completed
with steeple, the height from the
sidewalk to the finial on the spire
will be 175 feet. Estimated cost of
the church when completed $100,000,
The old brick church was torn down
in the winter of 1871. The corner-
stone of the stone chapel on the west
side of the church was laid on Thurs-
day afternoon. May 30, 1882. The
building was dedicated March 29,
1883.

Pastors: William Phoebus, 18 10 ;
Smith Arnold, 1811 ; Peter P. San-
ford, 1812; Laban Clark, 1813 to 1814;
Tobias Spiccr, 1815 to 1816; Samuel
Luckey, i8i7to 1818; William Ross.
1819 to 1820; Benjamin Griffen, 1821
to 182a; Noah Bigelow, 1823; James
M. Smith, 1824 to 1825; Stephen
Martindale, 1826 to 1827; Samuel
Merwin, 1828 to 1829, assisted in
1829 ^y t^c Rev, John Tackaberry;
John B. Stratton, 1830 to 183T; Buel
Goodsell, 1832 to 1833; Noah Levings,
1834 to 1835; Truman Seymour, 1836
to 1837; Stephen Remington, 1838 to
1839; Charles P.Clarke, 1840 to 1841;
Noah Levings, 1842; James Covel. jr.,
1843 to 1844. assisted by
John W, Lindsay; Luman A. Sand-
ford, 1845 to 1846, A. W.
Garvin, associate; Allen Steele. 1847
to 1848; Zephaniah N. Lewis, 1849 to
1850; Stephen D. Brown, 185 1 to
1852; Lester James, 1853; Halsey W.
Ransom, 1854 to 1855; Stephen
Parks, 1856 to 1857; Joseph K.
Chesseman, 1858 to 1859; Ira G Bed-
well. i860 to 1 86 1, assisted by Prof.
C. T. Lewis; Charles W. Gushing,
1862 to 1863; Stephen D. Brown,
1864; Erastus Wentworth, 1865 to

207

1867: George W. Brown, 1868 to
1870; William H. Hughes, 1871 to
1873; Henry D. Kimball, 1874 to
1877; George J. Brown, 1877 to 1880;
William J. Stevenson. D. D., 1880 to
18S2: Ensign McChesney, Ph. D.,
1882 to 1885; J- E. C. Sawyer, 1885
to present time.

North Second Street Church,
northeast comer of North Second and
Jacob streets. In 1831, the growth
of the city northward suggested to
some of the members of the State
Street Methodist Church the expe-
diency of taking advantage of the in-
creased population in the' fourth ward
by bailding a church there, which in
time by accessions of converts and of
persons already belonging to the de-
nomination residing in that part of the
city might become self-supporting.
At a quarterly conference held on
August 8, that year, in the State
Street church, William W. Whipple,
Eli Townsend, Stephen Andres,
Daniel Mervin, jr., and Independence
Starks were appointed a committee to
provide a place where meetings could
be held in the fourth ward of the city.
Perceiving that lot 228, on the north-
east comer of North Second and
Jacob streets, would be a suitable
site for a church. Eli Townsend. James
Wallace, and Jefferson Gardner, per-
sonally purchased the plot for $i.5CX>
on August 13, 1 83 1. At the quarterly
conference, on May 12, 1832, the tras-
tees of the State Street Church were
instracted to buy the property. On
March 13. 1833, the board of trustees
determined to take the lot at the
price of ^.500, and to pay the expenses
which had accrued on it since it was
purchased by Eli Townsend and his
associates, ''for the purpose of build-
ing a church thereon." Later in the
year a committee began circulating a
subscription to obtain money to erect
a church. On May 13, 1834, the

trastees of the State Street Church re-
solved to proceed to build as soon
as the sum of $4,000 should be sub-
scribed. On June 5, the subscriptions
having exceeded that sum, the tms-
tees determined to proceed to make
the contracts for * inclosing the con-
templated church," and **to have the
building inclosed, if possible,** by the
first of November. On June 14,
Zina P. Eggleston, Thomas L. Ostrom,
and Jesse Anthony were appointed
the building committee. On August
21, 1835, the trastees of the State
Street Church determined by resolu-
tion "that our new church be dedi-
cated on Sabbath, the 30th day of
August." The church was a brick
building with a basement. The plan
of the stracture was projected by G.
& H. Landon. As soon as the rooms
in the basement were finished they
were used for week-day and Sunday
services, and by the Sunday-school
which had been organized on June 2,
1835, in Miss Annie Manwarring's
school-room, on the west side of
North Second Street, between Federal
and Jacob streets. On Sunday after-
noon, August 30, Bishop Elijah
Hedding preached the dedication
sermon. On January 13, 1836, it was
resolved by the trustees of the State
Street Church that the real and per-
sonal property belonging to the Troy
Station should be divided between the
State Street congregation and the
North Second Street congregation; the
former to take the church and parson-
age on State Street and one thousand
dollars more of the aggregate amount
of the debts than the North Second
Street congregation, which was to re-
ceive the church it worshiped in
and was to assume the payments of its
proportion of the debts. By this ac-
tion, the North Second Street Metho-
dist Church became a separate, self-
supporting organization. The erec-
tion of the present house of worship

NORTH SECOND STREET M. E. CHURCH.

209

was first considered by the trustees at
a meeting held by them on April 4,
1854. At a meeting held a week
later, it was determined to build a
brick edifice on the site of the old
structure. While the building was
erecting the congregation worshiped
in the Tabernacle, or old Fourth Pres-
byterian Church, on the northwest cor-
ner of Elbow (Fulton)and Fifth streets.
The new building having been com-
pleted, it was dedicated on Friday,
December 29, 1854; Bishop Edmund
S. Janes preaching the dedicatory ser-
mon.

Pastors: S. D. Ferguson, 1835 to
1836; Charles Sherman, 1836 to 1838;
Peter C. Oakley, 1838 to 1839; Noah
Levings, 1839 to 1840; Henry L.
Starks, 1840 to 1842; Merritt Bates,
1842 to 1843; Charles Sherman, 1843
to 1844, (died March 10, 1844); S. L.
Stillman, 1844 to 1846; Sanford
Washburn, 1846 to 1848; (Alanson W.
Garvin, associate, 1847 to 1849);
Benjamin Pomeroy, 1848 to 1849; Wil-
liam A. Miller, 1848 to 1851; Berea
O. Meeker, 1851 to 1853; Stephen I).
Brown. 1853 to 1855; L. D. Stebbins,
1855 to 1857; Albinus Johnson. 1857 to
1858; J. F. Yates, 1858 to i860; San-
ford Washburn, i860 to 1862; Erastus
Weatworth, D. D., 1862 to 1865;
John W. Carhart, 1865 to 1868;
James M. King, 1868 to 1871; Hiram
C. Sexton, 1871 to 1873; Samuel
Meredith, 1873 to 1876; H. C. Farrar,
1876 to 1879; Henry Grahai^, 1879 to
1882; H. C. Farrar, 1882 to 1885;
Henry Graham, D. D., 1885 to pres-
ent time.

PA^yLING Avenue Church is on
the north side of Washington Street,
in Albia. As a large number of the
members of State Street Church were
residents of Albia in the fifth ward of
the city, it was resolved by the trus-
tees of State Street Church, on
August 15, 1826, that John Usher,
Barney Weatherwax, and Caleb
28

Knight should be **a committee of su-
perintendence to the building of a
Methodist meeting-house in the vil-
lage of Albia for the use of the mem-
bers." In 1829, the Rev. John
Tackaberry was appointed to assist
the Rev. Samuel Mervin at State
Street Church; the former having
charge of the mission at Albia. In

1830, the appointment for Troy in-
cluded Albia; the Rev. Abiathar M.
Osbon, assisting the Rev. John B.
Stratton. preached at Albia. In

1 83 1, the Rev. Abiathar M. Osbon
was appointed to take charge of the
church* at Albia. On the tab-
let in the front wall of the church
is inscribed: Erected A. D. 1827.
Rebuilt, A. D. 1858. In 1868, the
church was called the Pawling Avenue
Church.

Pastors: Abiathar M. Osbon,
1831 to 1832; Edwin F. White, 1832
to 1833; Aaron Hall, 1853 to 1855;
Jeremiah S. Hart, 1855 to 1856;
Samuel Hewes, 1857 to 1859: E. S.
Stout, 1859 to i860; Z. Phillips, i860
to 1861; Lorenzo Barber, 1861 to
1862; G. H. Gregory, 1862 to 1863;
W. H. Hughes, 1863 to 1865; C. M.
Pegg. 1865 to 1867; J. W. Thompson,
1867 to 1869; J. K. Wager, 1869 to
1870; G. C. Bancroft, 1871 to 1872;
W. B. Osgood, 1872 to 1874; Egbert
A. Braman, 1874 to 1877; A. C. Rose,
1877 to 1880; W. H. Groat, 1880 to
1883; A. S. Clark, 1883 to 1884; J. C.
Russum, 1884 to present time.

Levings* Chapel is on the north
side of Mill Street. On September
24. 1S38, a number of persons, desig-
nating themselves members of the
Fourth Methodist Church in Troy, met
at their usual place of worship and
there eleded Stephen Frank, William
Stewart, Charles Dibble, Joseph Car-
lin. and Philip Hoyle trustees of
**Levings' Chapel in the city of Troy."
The church in which the congregation
now worships was erected in 1850.

210

Pastors: J. W. Belknap, 1 851 to
1852; T. Spicer, 1852 to 1853; Aaron
Hill. 1853 to 1855; Jeremiah S. Hart,
1855 to 1857; Samuel Hewes, 1857 to
1859; E. S. Stout, 1859 to i860; Z.
Phillips, i860 to 1861; S. P. Williams,
1 861 to 1863; Hiram C. Sexton, 1863
to 1865; Robert Fox, 1865 to 1867;
George C. Morehouse, 1867 to 1869;
Charles F. Noble, 1869 to 1872; John
W. Quinlan, 1872 to 1874; William
Bedell, 1874 to 1877; H. W. Slocum,
1877 to 1879; Samuel Meredith, 1879
to 1882; C. A. S. Heath, 1882 to
1885 ; C. R. Hawley, 1885 to present
time.

Third Street Church, on the
northeast comer of Third and Monroe
streets, was erected in 1847, and dedi-
cated on December 25, that year. The
congregation was organized in 1843
as a mission. On March 29, 1844,
some of the male members elected
George Christie, Joseph Carlin, Wil-
liam Barrett, Daniel Hudson, and
Enoch Hunt trustees of the church.
In 1873, the building was reconstruct-
ed. In the spring of 1884, the or-
ganization became a self-supporting
church.

Pastors: Oliver Emerson, 1846 to
1847; E. Noble, 1847 to 1849; A. A.
Farr and L. Marshall, 1849 to 1850V
C. R. Ford, 1850 to 1851; J. W.
Belknap, 1851 to 1853; John M.
Weaver, 1853 to 1854; Jeremiah Hill.
1854 to 1855; M. B. Mead, 1855 to
1856; Elon Foster, 1856 to 1857; D.
W. Dayton, 1857 to 1859; E. Goss,
i859to 1861; R. T. Wade, 1861 to
1863; D. Lyttle, 1863 to 1865: D. T.
Elliott, 1865 to 1867; C. M. Pegg, 1867
to 1868; Alverson Senter, 1868 to
1871; S. W. Edgerton, 1871 to 1872;
B. M. Hall, 1872 to 1873; Wilbur F.
Sanford. (also Hoosick Street), 1873 to
1874; George C. Bancroft, 1874 to
1877; J. W. Belknap, 1878; Edgar H.
Brown, 1884 to present time.

Trinity Church, east side of
Thirteenth Street, near the intersec-
tion of Thirteenth and Congress
streets. A number of persons con-
nected with the State Street, the North
Second Street, and the Third Street
Methodist churches became members
of a class which in the fall of 1846 be-
gan worshiping statedly at the resi-
dence of Isaac Hillman. No. 188
Congress Street, Ida Hill. On Octo-
ber 8, that year, the male members of
the congregation assembled there for
the purpose of electing five trustees.
Isaac Hillman, Jonathan T. Williams,
William H. Robbins. Stephen Mun-
ro, and James N. Austin were then
elected trustees of the * 'church to be
known by the name and title of the
Congress Street Methodist Episcopal
Church." In June, 1847, a weather-
boarded building, commonly called
the ** Hemlock Church," was erected
on the south side of Ferry Street, at
its intersection with Congiess Street,
and in this meeting-house the congre-
gation worshiped for two years. A
more eligible location 011 Thirteenth
Street having been selected for the
erection of a lai^cr building, a brick
one was built on the site of the pres-
ent church. The cornerstone was
laid in October, r848 and the build-
ing dedicated, July 12, 1849; the
dedicatory sermon being preached by
Bishop L. L. Hamline of Ohio,
Bishop Elijah Hedding assisting in
the services. The entire cost of the
site, building, and furniture was $6,-
199 84, The church was erected a
free one. and no pew rents were de-
manded of those worshiping in it.
The church, which had been a mis-
sion since the organization of the
congregation, was recognized in June,
1850, as an independent one, and
the Rev. A. A. Farr, who had
preached there the preceding year,
was appointed its pastor.

211

Some of the members of the body,
dissatisfied with the change of the lo-
cation of the church, withdrew and
erected on the site of the "Hemlock
Church" a brick building, which was
known as the Wesleyan Church. It
is now used for other purposes.

The Congress Street Church was
enlarged in i860, and rededicated that

Pastors: Edward Noble, 1847 to
1849; A. A. Farr, 1849 to 1851;
L. Marshall, 1849 to 1850; E.
Goss, 1851 to 1853; Seymour Cole-
man, 1853 to 1855; H. Blanchard.
1855 to 1857; C. F. Bardick, 1857 to
1859; A. J. Jutkins, 1859 to 1861; D.
P. Hulburd, 1861 to 1863; George C.
Wells. 1863 to 1865; Ensign Stover,

TRINITY M. E. CHURCH.

year by Bishop Matthew Simpson. In
1880, it was renovated, enlarged, and
attractively improved in appearance
by the addition of corner towers and
other architectural features, at a cost
of $14,084.94. The building was re-
dedicated, December 28, 1880, and
given the name of Trinity Church.

1865 to 1868; M. Hulburd, 1868 to
1870; G. W. Fitch, 1870 to 1872;
Samuel Meredith, 1872 to 1873; A.
F. Bailey, 1873 to 1876; J. E. Bowen,
1876 to 1879; George Skene, 1879 lo
1882; B. B. Loomis, 1882 to 1885; P.
L. Dow, 1885 to present time.

212

Vail Avenue Church, west side
of Vail Avenue, between'Douw Street
and Glen Avenue. A number of
Methodists statedly worshiping in
the school-house, in the tenth ward of
the city, elected on March 15, 1852,
Titus Eddy. Oliver Boutwell, George
Smith, Samuel G. Sargeant, E. R.
Swasey, and Sylvester Cooper trus-
tees of the organization which the
members named the Methodist Epis-
copal Church in North Troy. On
May 15, 1854 the name was changed
to that of the North Troy M. E.
Church. In 1858, the erection of the
present house of worship was begun.
On December lo. that year, it was
dedicated. In 1867, the church was
called VaU Avenue Church.

Pastors: Reuben Gregg, 1855 to
1856; Homer Eaton, 1857 to 1858;
C. Morgan, 1858 to 1859; A. Viele,
1859 to i86i; Seymour Coleman, 1861
to .1863; R. R. Meredith, 1864 to
1865; Myron White, 1865 to 1866; M.
Hulburd, 1866 to 1868; E. Stover,
1868 to 1869; G. W. Fitch, 186910
1870; J. W. Tucker, 1870 to 1871; D.
T. Elliott, 1871 to 1872; C. F.Noble,
1872 to 1875; William J. Tilley, 1875
to 1878; J. K. Wager, 1878 to 1881;
J. G. Fallon, 1881 to 1884; S M.
Williams, 1884 to the present time.

First German Church is on the
north side of State Street, be-
tween Fifth and Sixth streets. The
church originated in a mission es-
tablished in 1856 in the Wesleyan
Methodist Church, at the intersection
of Ferry and Congress streets. On
July 25, 1857, the congregation was
organized. The present church was
erected in 1 863.

Pastors: F. W. Dinger 1857 to
1859; John Swahlen, i860 to 1861;
George Abele, 1861 to 1862; Julius
Seidel, 1862 to 1864; J. C. Deininger,
1864 to 1867; G. Mayer, 1867 to 1869;
Julius Seidel, 1869 to 1870; Joseph
Kindler, 1870 to 1873; Peter A.

Moelling, D. D., 1873 to 1876 ; F. S.
Gratz, 1876 to 1879; Julius Seidel.
1879 ^o 1^32; John G. Lutz, 1882 to
1885; W. H. Kurth, 1885 to present
time.

ZiON Church is on the east side
of Seventh Street, between Broadway
and State Street. On the brown-
stone tablet in the front wall of the
building is inscribed: **A. M. E. Zion
Church, organized A. D. 1832.
Erected A. D. 1865." In 1841, the
congregation purchased a lot on which
was a building which was fitted for a
house of worship. On February 23.
1842, a meeting was held in the
church on Fifth Street, near Liberty
Street, and William Meads, Jacob
Brown, Lewis Butler, Littleton
Becket, Lewis Jones were elected
trustees of •'the Wesleyan M. E.
Zion Church of the city of Troy." By
this title the church was incorporated
at that time.

Pastors: R. Noyes, 1848 to 1849;
John A. Williams, 1857 to 1858;
Jacob Thomas, 1864 to 1868; William
H. Decker, 1869 to 1872; J. G. Smith,
1872 to 1874; Joseph P. Thompson,
1874 to 1877: James H. Anderson,
1877 to 1879; William H. Decker,
1879 to 1882; T. O. R. Williams,
1882 to 1885; Samuel C. Burchmore,
1885 to present time.

Military Organizations. —

(See Fourth Battery, Tibbits* Ca-
dets, TiBBiTS* Sons of Veterans,
Tibbits' Veteran Corps, and Troy
Citizens* Corps.)

Monuments, Marble and

Granite.—

Peter Grant, manufacturer of
mortuary marble and granite monu-
ments, tombstones, mural tablets,
plain and ornamental mantels, and
other artistic stone-work, southeast
comer of North Second and Federal

213

streets. In 1859, he engaged in the
business in Troy, and in April, 1867,
began the erecion of the three-story,
brick building in which his steam
marble- works are located. He designs
and elaborates all kinds of marble
and granite work, modem and classic,
for mortuary chapels, sarcophagi, and
tombs, and manufactures in different
patterns mantels, grates, open fire-
places, and tiled hearths. His stock
of Minton and American glazed tiles
is laige and varied. Buyers have the
opportunity of making judicious se-
lections from the attractive display in
his salesroom.

Bennett Perry, steam polishing
granite and marble monumental
works, east side of River Street, be-
tween Jay and Rensselaer streets.

William H. Young, granite and
maible works, northwest corner of
Third and Liberty streets.

Mount Ida, a bold and partly
precipitous hill, between Congress
and Hill streets, has a maximum
height of about 240 feet above tide
water. Captain Frederick Marryat,
C. B., the English naval officer and
novelist, in July, 1837, visited Troy,
and thus wiote of his visit to the com-
manding eminence. "Troy like a
modem academy, is classical, as well
as commercial, having Mount Olym-
pus on one side and Mount Ida in its
rear. The panorama from the sum-
mit of the latter is splendid. » ♦ »
I remained two hours perched upon
the top of the mountain. I should
not have staid so long, perhaps, had
they not brought me a basket of
cherries, so that I could gratify more
senses than one. I felt becomingly
classical whilst sitting on the precise
birthplace of Jupiter, attended by
Pomona, with Troy at my feet, and
Mount Olympus in the distance."
(See Landslides.)

Mount Olympus, between
Rensselaer and North, River and
North Third streets, has an elevation
of about 100 feet above tide water,
It is formed of sessile argillite rock
of the glazed slate variety. It contains
carburet of iron, iron pyrites and a
curiously striated variety of quartz be-
tween the natural cleavages. Small
quantities of anthracite coal have been
found in it. In the summer of 1823,
W. D. Van <ler Heyden erected an
octagonal building on the eminence,
where during the warm weather
cooling cordials and other beverages
were sold. The building was burn-
ed on the night of February 13,
1830.

MowingMachine Company,
Limited, Troy, manufactures at its
works, on Center Island, the Trojan
Mower, which has in recent years ob-
tained, by direct competition with
other machines of its kind, a marked
popularity among farmers in different
parts of the United States. The sim-
plicity of the construction of the Tro-
jan Mower, and the uncomplicated
action of its machinery commend it
above all other inventions for rapidly
cutting grasses on flat, hilly, and
rough land. Strong in every part,
free in movement, and of light draft,
it permanently sustains the high favor
of those who after using it unquali-
fiedly affirm that it is "the strongest,
simplest, handiest , and best mower
made." The company also entensive-
ly manufactures other agricultural ma-
chinery and implements, mill-gearing,
castings, engines, and boilers. The
company was incorporated March 11,
1884. Its officers are Nelson Daven-
port, president; Henry Galusha, vice-
president, and William Kemp, jr.,
secretary, treasurer, and general man-
ager.

214

Music Hall, in the Trov Savings
Bank Building, on the northeast cor-
ner of Second and State streets, is one
of the most elegantly finished and ad-

mirably planned halls in the United
States. It is i lo feet in length, 75 in
width, and 60 in height, with 1,250
seats. The stage is 31 feet deep and 55
wide. The frescoes are highly artistic
and the general appointments decorous.
From the beautiful ceiling hangs a
magnificent chandelier with 260 gas
burners and 10,000 crystal pendants.
The corridors are spacious and acces-
sible from all parts of the hall. It
was dedicated on Monday night, April
I9» 1875, by Theodore Thomas, with
orchestral and vocal music.

Mutual Aid, Empire Order
of-

Griswold Lodge. No. 18, meets
every fourth Monday evening of each
month in Temple of Honor Hall. No.
273 River Street.

Troy Lodge, No. 128, meets every
second Monday evening in Temple
of Honor Hall.

Nassau, a town of Rensselaer
County, was erected by the name of
Philipstown, March 2r, 1806. The
name was changed to that of Nassau,
April 6, 1808. The village of Nassau,
in the southwestern part of the town,
was incorporated, March 12, i8iq. It
has about 500 inhabitants. In it are
four churches, two hotels, and about
one hundred dwellings. East Nassau,
in the southeastern part of the town,
contains three churches, several
taverns and stores, and about sixty
dwellings. North Nassau, Hoag*s
Corners, Brainard, Alps, Dunham
Hollow, and Miller's Comers are
small places in the town.

Population of the town: i8io,
2,501; 1815, 2,748; 1820, 2,873; 1825,
2,935; 1830. 3.255; 1835, 3,227; 1840.
3,236; 1845, 3.104; 1850, 3.261; 1855.
3,000; i860, 3,039; 1865, 2.894; 1870,
2,705; 1875, 2,660: 1880, 2,629.

DIAGRAM OF MUSIC HALL.

216

Vational GhuurcU State of

Vew York.— Armory southeast
corner of Ferry and River streets.
The Sixth Separate Company, (Troy
Citizens' Corps), Twenty-First Separ-
ate Company, (Tibbiu* CadeU),
Twelfth Separate Company, (Tibbits*
Sons of Veterans), are a part of the
6fth brigade of the third division;
Brigadier'General Robert Shaw
Oliver, commanding brigade; head
quarters, Albany. The Fourth Battery,
(Troy Cilv Artillery), is attached to
the third division. Major-General
Joseph B. Carr, commanding third
division; headquarters, Troy.

Newspapers, Lansing-
burgh. — The first newspapers pub-
lished in Rensselaer County were
printed in Lansingburgh. The given
dates are those of the day and year on
which the papers were first issued.

The Northern Centinel and
Lansinghurgh Advertiser, weekly,
Monday. May 21, 1787. Discon-
tinued in 1788.

The Federal Hekald, weekly,
Monday, May 5, 1788. Discontinued
in 1790.

American Spy, weekly, Friday,
April 8, 1791. Discontinued in 1797.

Northern Budget, weekly,
Tuesday. Tune ao. 1797. Office re-
moved to Troy in May, 1798.

Lansingburgh Gazette, weekly,
Septem\>er la, 1798. Changed to

TuK Kknssei^er County Ga-

/KiMK, weekly, Tuesday, May 2,

•t8l6.> Subsequently changed to the

1*ansingburgh Democrat and
Rensselaer County GAZEinE.

Lansingburgh Gazette, weekly,
new series, December. 1S26. Discon-
tinued in 1885.

The Farmers' Registter, Tues-
day, January 25, 1803. Removed to
Troy in 1806.

The Democratic Press and
Lansingburgh Advertiser, weekly,
January 13, 1838. Subsequently
changed to

Lansingburgh Democrat. Sub-
sequently changed to

New Advertiser. Discontinued »
July 12, 1 861.

The Literary Cabinet, Novem-
ber, 1841.

The Golden Rule, a monthly,
January i, 1844. Subsequently
changed to

Young Ladies' Messenger in
1847.

The Antiquarian and General
Review, a monthly. March, 1847.
Discontinued in 1848.

The Lansingburgh Daily Ga-
zette, Tuesday, January 3. i860.
Discontinued February ii, i860.

Semi- Weekly Chronicle, Wed-
nesdays and Saturdays. April 6, 1864.
Subsequently changed to the

Lansingburgh Chronicle and
Family Guide, weekly, July 4. 1866.
Subsequently called the

Weekly Chronicle and Watch-
man.

Our Little Paper, weekly, Fri-
day, September 13, 1872. Discon-
tinued December, 1873.

Thk Lansingburgh Courier,
weekly, Friday, December 24, 1875.
The paper is still published.

Newspapers, Troy.— The re-
markable ignorance existing until a
number of years ago respecting the
publication of the first newspaper in

217

Troy exempli6e8 the fact that so im-
portant an event can be '* to past for-
getful ness a prey," as well as one of
minor interest. Not until 1880, when
the well-preserved copy of

The Recorder, number 208, vol-
ume iv, *• printed by George Gardner,
near the court-house," on Tuesday,
August i3, 1795, now inclosed in glass
in the Troy Young Men's Association
library, did the oldest inhabitant know
anything respecting its publication.
Tradition's tongue was silent concern-
ing it, nor was there any mention
made of it in Troy's later published
newspapers. Whether or not the
fiist number of the paper was pub-
lished In Troy in 1 791 is undeter-
mined. The pages of the Recorder
are 1 1^ by 18 inches; each being di-
vided into four columns. In an ad-
vertisement headed '• Proposal for
printing by subscription, in one vol-
ume, the Ladies' Friend," the editor
requests that the subscription paper
be returned him by the middle of
September. In the ** marine lit kept
by Howard Moulton. at the ciiy cof-
fee house, Troy," the arrival of the
following river craft is noticed: Sloop
Success, Capt. Benjamin, Troy ; sloop
Commerce, Capt. McCoun, Troy ;
sloop Emila. Capt. Wilson, Troy;

sloop , Capt. Hudson, Troy; sloop

Sally, Capt. Baker. Troy. The ed-
itor remarks: ** A number has sailed
for New York loaded with wheat,
which will fetch nine or ten instead of
16 or 17 shillings per bushel, which
shows that somebody han't work'd it
right." Among the advertisements
are those of Elhanan Martin & Co.,
dry goods and groceries ; John Wel-
ler & Co., grocers'; Cornelius Adri-
ance & Son, hatters ; Philip Heartt,
saddlery, harness, sealskin, leather
and oil cloth trunks ; and Josiah
Greenman, baker.

Farmer's Oracle, Luther Pratt &
Co., Tuesday, January 31, 1797, Water
39

Street, opposite the ferry. A copy of
this paper was found by the writer in
1875. in the garret of the Troy Young
Men's Association Building, wrapped
in a piece of brown paper. By the
gift of E. Thompson Gale, a glass
case incloses this valuable memento
of the past. It bears date of April
10, 1798, and is number ii of vol-
ume ii ; whole number 63.

Northern Budget, first published
at Lansingburgh, on Tuesday, June
20, 1797, by Robert Moffit & Co. On
Tuesday, May 15, 1798, its publica-
tion began in Troy, " on the east side
of Water-Street, four doors north of
Peirce's Inn." The paper had then
** an extensive circulation in the state
of Vermont, and in the counties of
Rensselaer, Saratoga, Washington,
and Clinton." On January 3, 1826,
its name was changed to TJie Troy
Budget and City Register; on Janu-
ary I, 1828, to The Troy Budget;
on July 6, 1840, to the Daily Troy
Budget; on July 7, 1845, to the North-
ern Budget; on January 3, 1859, to
The Troy Daily Budget; on July 29,
iS6i. to the Daily Budget and Union;
and on October 14, i86r, to the Troy
Daily Budget. Its publication was
discontinued in 1862.

Troy Gazette, September 3, 1802.
Discontinued about 1809.

Farmers* Register, Lansingburgh,
Tuesday, January 25, 1803. Troy,
1806.

Troy Post, September 12, 1812.

Troy Sentinel, July 15, 1823.

Troy Daily Sentinel, May i,
1830. The first daily newspaper pub-
lished in Troy.

The Fowler, April, 1824.

Evangelical Restorationist,
1825.

218

Troy Review, or Religious and
Musical Repository, January 4,
1826.

The Family Journal, 1844; The
New Toi'k Family Journal, 1848; The
Ti'oy Family Journal, 1851.

The Reflector, March 25, 1826. The Trojan, weekly, 1845.

Evangelical Repository, 1828.

Troy Republican, 1828. Anti-
Masonic.

Northern Watchman, 1831 ;
Troy Wa(chm>an, 1832.

The Gospel Anchor, 1831.

The Troy Statesman, June 12,
1832.

The Troy Press, weekly, August
4. 1832.

The Troy Daily Press, suc-
ceeding the Troy Daily Sentinel, Feb-
ruary II, 1833.

Troy American, September 18,
1833.
The Botanic Advocate, 1834.

The Troy Daily Whig, Tuesday
evening, July i, 1834. It succeeded
the Ti'oy Daily Pi^ess and the IVoy
AmeiHcan. The Weekly Whig vas
regularly issued. Became The Morn-
ing Telegram, May 26, 1882.

The Trojan, a penny daily, De-
cember 23, 1834.

The State Journal, 1836 ; New
York State Journal, 1837.

Troy Daily Mail, November 15,
1837.

Troy Daily Bulletin, December
6, 1841.

Troy Daily Herald, October 24,
1842.

The Aquarian, 1843.

The Troy Temperance Mirror,
1843.

The Troy Daily Post, a penny
paper, October i, 1843, Benssela^'
County Post, 1846.

The Troy Daily Telegraph,
1846,

The Rensselaer County Tem-
perance Advocate, 1846.'

The Troy Commercial Adver-
tiser, March^8, 1848.

The Old Set I ler, monthly, Jan-
uary 16, 1851.

The Unique, semi-monthly, June
12, 1851.

The Troy Daily Times began
its long period of publication on
Wednesday afternoon, June 25. 1S51.
The office was at No.~ 5 Cannon
Place. John M. Francis and R. D.
Thompson were the proprietors.
Single copies of the paper were sold
at two cents. There was no late tele-
graphic news in the first day's issue.
A half column of dispatches "by the
Morse line'' was published in the
second number. Those in ihe third
number were received *'by the
O'Rielly line." On and after January
8, 1853, the paper was published,
upstairs, in the building on the south-
east corner of Second and Albany
(Broadway) streets; on and after No-
vember 2, 1853, upstairs, in the build-
ing, Nos. 221 and 223 River Street;
on and after May 10, 1854, in the
building No. 208 River Street; on and
after April 26, 1862, in the building
No. 211 River Street; and on and
after Monday, April 29, 1872. in the
Times Building, on the northeast cor-
ner of Broadway and Third Street. On
January 31, 1854, John M. Francis
became proprietor of the paper. He
and Henry O'R. Tucker formed
their partnership, September 12,
1863. On February 10, 1866, it was
named in the paper as that of John

gjir gniB goilg gjmrA

-==_^r

M. Francis & Co., and on June 5.
1869, as that of J. M. Francis &
Tucker. On April 5, 1881, Henry
O'R. Tucker withdrew from the part-
nership. On May 2, 1881. the firm
of John M. Francis, Son, & Co., was
formed by John M. Francis, Charles
S. Francis, William E. Kisselburgh,

and John A. Sleicher. The latter
withdrew from it, Mav i, 1883.

The publication of the Troy Weekly
Times was begun on July 17, 1856,

Ably edited, clearly printed, and
largely circulated, The Troy Daily
7tOT« justly deserves its wide popu-
larity.

^g ZtoTH Bctfla jkees.

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La Ruche Canadienne, 1851.

Our Paper, January, 1853.

The Troy Daily Democrat, Oc-
tober 24, 1854.

The Troy Daily Traveller,
1854; succeeded the Troy Daily Post.

Troy American, 1857.

Fisk's Family Journal, 1858.

The Daily Arena, Oct. 18, 1859.

Troy Daily Express, 1859.

The Troy Morning News, April,
i860.

L'AlGLE Canadien, 1 860.

Troy Daily Union, May 18, 1861.

Troy City Democrat, June 28,
1862.

221

The Troy Daily Press, the
popular Democratic journal of recent
years, had its first publication on
Saturday afternoon, August 8, 1863,
at No. 209 River Street; A. S. Pease,
publisher. W. S. Hawley, on June
18, 1866, became proprietor of the
paper, which he published until
March 2, 1867, at No. 219 River
Street.

The publication of the new series
of The Troy Dailif Press was bepjun
on Monday, October 28, 1867. at Nos.
231 and 233 River Street, by William
S. and Edwin P. Hawley under the
name of the Hawley Brothers. Ed-
win P. Hawley, on November 7,
1868, again became proprietor of the
paper. He and Jerome B. Parmen-
ter, on November 23, 1868, formed
the firm of Hawley & Parmenter, and
they conlmued the publication of the
daily and weekly paper until they
were succeeded on May 17, i86g, by
the firm of Parmenter & Clark; Jer-
ome B. Parmenter and Charles C.
Clark. On the death of the latter,
Jerome B. Parmenter, on February
15.1873, came into possession of the
paper. He continued its publication
uniil he and George E. Eaton, on
April 2, 1883, became associated as
its proprietors. On May 26, 1884, The
Troy Press Company was incorpor-
ated, and since that date the publica-
tion of the paper has been under its
control. After November 24, 1867,
the paper was printed in the building,
Nos. 208 and 210 River Street, and
after May 3, 1879, *t No. 225 River
Street.

The Weekly was first issued on
August 8, 1863.

The officers of The Troy Press
Company are Edward Murphy, jr.,
president; John J. Cassin, vice presi-
dent; Frank P. Harder, treasurer; and
George E. Eaton, secretary. The
Troy Daily Press, besides be-
ing a prominent Democratic organ in

the city and state, daily presents ''its
numerous readers with many well-
edited columns of telegraphic, local,
and general news.

Troy New^s, Sunday, August 21,
1864. It was the first Sunday news-
paper printed in Troy.

The Saturday Evening Herald,
1866.

The Troy Northern Budget
was first issued as a Sunday paper,
on Sunday, March 24, 1867, under the
name of the Northern Budget, by
Charles L. Mac Arthur, at No. 245
River Street. On February 2, 1868,
its publication was continued ai No.
233 River Street, where, on March
8, that year, the paper was enlarged
and entitled 7'Ae Troy Northern
Budget. On and after February 7,
1869, it was printed at No i First
Street; and on after June 12, 1871, at
No. 14 Third Street; and on and after
October 18, 1875, at No. 16 Third
Street. On March 29, 1875, Arthur
Mac Arthur became associated with
his father in the publication of the
paper, under the firm name of C. L.
Mac Arthur & Son. The Budget com-
mends itself to its many readers with
a great variety of contents; interesting
stories, select poetry, theatrical in-
formation, local and general news,
telegraphic intelligence, and perti-
nent editorials.

Sunday Herald, November 11,
1867.

The Public Spirit, a monthly,
1867.

Saturday Bulletin, 1870.

Sunday Telegram, November,
1870.

Troy Volksfreund, German,
weekly, April 13, 1872.

L'AvENiR National, weekly,
1873.

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^W,^

The Sunday Trojan, April 25,
1875.

The Troy Observer, issued on
Sundays, was first published on Sun-
day. October 15, 1876, by William V.
Cleary, at No. 13 Second Street. In
December, 1878, the paper was pur-

chased by A. B. Elliott, consolidated
with the Sunday Trojan^ and issued
under the name of the Trojan-Ob-
server. On August 3, 1879, Michael
F. Collins bought it and changed its
name to that under which it was first
printed; publishing it at Nos. 208 and

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^*^£r;:5ii=?? e;?^^!?^^!^:

2IO River Street, and since June 5,
1882, at Nos. 303 and 305 River
Street. Democratic in politics, the
Troy Observer has in late years been
successfully conducted and made a
popular Sunday paper.

Freie Deutsche Presse, Decem-
ber 30, 1876, by August Hillebrandt.
The present office of the paper is on
the third floor of the building, No. 125
Church Street, between Congress and
State streets. Issued on Saturdays.

The Evening" Standard was is-
sued for the first time on Thursday
October 17, 1877. by the Evening
Standard Publishing Company, occu-
pying rooms 46 and .47 in the Hall
Building. On and after April 29,
1878, the paper was published in the
building. No. 217 [River Street, and

on and after April 24, 1882, at No.
314 River Street. The officers of the
company are W. J. Tyner, president;
Charles G. Sherman, secretary; and
Cornelius Mackey, treasurer. George
H. McNamara, business manager.
The paper is independent in politics
and has a large circulation.

WsieMvovi

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Light and Life, a quarterly, was
first issued in October, 1877, under
the name of TAe Messenger, by the
Rev. N. B. Remick, of the Ninth
Presbyterian Church, editor and pro-
prietor. In June, 1878, it was pub-
lished under its present name. The
paper is devoted to general church
literature, and contains much inter-
esting matter relating to the city, and
to the church of which the editor is
pastor.

Saturday Journal, 1879.

Troy Morning Telegram, is a
continued publication of the Tfvy
Daily Whig, first issued on Tuesday
evening, July I, 1834. In 1840, the
Whig became a morning paper. As
the Troy Morning Whig^ its last issue
was on Saturday, August 28, 1880.
On Monday, August 30, 1880, the
Troy Morning Telegram and Whig
was first published by the Troy Tele-
gram Company, in the Hall Building.
On Monday, April 17, 1882, the paper
was purchased by C. L. Mac Arthur

236

& Son, (Arthur Mac Arthur), who con-
tinued to publish it at No. 303 River
Street. On Thursday, May 25. 1882,
its name was changed to that of
The Troy Daily Telegram. Since
that date, C. L. Mac Arthur & Son
have published it at No. 16 Third
Street. It is the only morning daily
published in Troy. It has obtained
a marked popularity not only as a
Republican paper but also as a well-
conducted journaL

Monthly Bulletin of the Rail-
road Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion. First issued, March, 1 881.

Troy Collar, Shirt, and Laun-
DRY Journal, July, 1882, by Pratt
& Clinton, (John P. Pratt and DeWitt
Clinton); December, 1882, by the
Journal Publishing Company; May,
1883, by Clinton & Dickerman; De-
cember 9, 1884, by L. H. Dickerman;
office, room 19 Keenan Building. The
Journal has obtained no little dis-
tinction as a trade publication.

The Polytechnic, February 16,
1885, published monthly, but not in
July and August. Admirably edited
by students of the Rensselaer Poly-
technic Institute, this college-monthly
now takes high rank with its contem-
poraries.

High School Record, April 17,
1885, by scholars of the Troy High
School. First a semi-monthly, now a
monthly.

Troy News, daily, 1885.

La Patrie, July 24, 1885, by J.
M, Authier. Issued Fridays. Office
No. 125 Church Street.

Troy Sunday News, Sunday.
August 23, 1885.

Troy Morning Herald, October
12, 1885.

The Herald, daily, November 13,
1885.

Catholic Weekly, first issued
February 27, 1886, by Reynolds.
Thompson, & Co. Office on the
second floor of the building, on the
northwest corner of River Street and
Broadway. The paper has a large cir-
culation and is published on Saturdays.

The Clarion, first published on
May 8, 1886, by the Co-operative
Board of Knights of Labor of District
LXVIII. Issued on Saturdays.
Office in Stephens' Hall, No. 134
River Street. The paper is devoted
to the interests of the Knights of
Labor and explicitly expresses the
principles of the organization.

Saturday Observer, July 3, 1886,
published by Michael F. Collins, at
Nos. 303 and 305 River Street, is
neutral in politics.

The newspapers and periodicals
now published in Troy are nineteen:
The Troy Daily Times; The Troy
Weekly Times; The Troy Daily
Press; The Troy Weekly Press; The
Troy Northern Budget^ (weekly, on
Sunday); The Troy Observer y (weekly,
on Sunday); Evening Standard^
(daily); The Troy Daily Telegram;
The Troy Weekly Telegram; Freie
Deutsche Presse^ (weekly, on Satur-
day); La Patrie t (weekly, on Friday);
Catholic Weekly, (on Saturday); The
Clarion, (weekly, on Saturday);
Saturday Observer; Troy Collar,
Shirty and Laundry Journal,
{moniYiXy)', Light and Life, (quarterly);
Monthly Bulletin-, The Polytechnic,
(monthly); and the LLigh School
Record, (monthly).

Northern News Company,
The, Nos. 12 and 14 Third Street,
was established in Troy in the .spring
of 1872. Stephen F. Hoyt, manager
and treasurer since 1872, wholesale
agent of publishers of newspapers,
periodicals, and "books ; also, dealer
in stationery.

227

North Qreenbush, a town in 1885. Meets on the second and

Rensselaer County, was erected fourth Thursday evenings of each

February 23, 1855. Bath-on-the- month at No. 379 River Street.

Hudson is in the town. See (Bath- auqusta Rebecca Decree Lodge

ON-THE-HUDSON.) Wynantskill and m^ f^ rw.,^^ ii«^?^^^

n«r*o«c*,r:ii« /tii/^«,!««- r'*«»*^ — No. 36. Chartered, March ao, 1872.

LIiwniL«^ Tl,T #n,S^ m.n„? MeeU OH the third Wednesday

small villages. The Forbes manor- ._._;__. j_ ^„i, _„„,i. •_ r»-.!j/'

house, nortl of Bath, was built about IJTT x ^- c. .

the jlear 1839. by William P. Van «*••• ^o- ^97 River Street.

Rensselaer. In August, 1850, the Troy Union Rebecca Degree

property was purchased by Paul S. Lodge, No. 50. Chartered, February

Forbes of New York City for $62,500. 25, 1874. Meets on the first and

Population of the town: 1855, third Friday evenings of each month

1,812; i860, 2,170; 1865, 2,575; 1870, in Odd Fellows' Hall.

3.058; 1875. 3.940; 1880, 4.132. Funeral Aid Association. Or-

. . ganized, June 21, 1868. Meets on

Odd Fellows, Independent second Monday evenings of each

Order of —Odd Fellows* Hall, No. month in Odd Fellows' Hall.
287 River Street.

Trojan Lodge, No. 27. Char- Oil, Linseed.— A. B. & L. H.

tered November 11, 1839. Meets on Gibbs, manufacturers of linseed oil.

Monday evenings in Odd Fellowi' Office, No. 377 River Street; manu-

Hall. factory, Green Island. Firm formed,

Rensselaer Lodge, No. 53. ^^*y '» 1865.
Charter granted, June I, 1841. Meets

on Wednesday evenings^in Odd Fel- Omnibus Line« Oakwood

lows' Hall. Avenue, runs daily from the inter-

Rensselaer Degree Lodge, No. f^.^i^'^ of River and Congress streets

7. Organized. November 4. 1841. o the upper gate of Oakwood Ceme-

Meets on the second and fourth ^'

Thursday evenings of each month in rs-^^-m^ tt^^a^o /c^ r^^ro

Odd Fellows' Hall Opera Houses.— (See Gris-

Udd i-eiiows wall. ^^^^ ^^^^^ House, and Rand's

Athenian Lodge, No. 96. Char- Opera House.)
tered, January 19, 1847. Meets on

Tuesday evenings in Odd Fellows' Optical Qoods. — Francis

Hall. Roarke, Times Building. (See Ad-

Rhein Lodge, No. 248, (German), denda.)
Organized, August 18, 1870. Meets

on Wednesday evenings in Druids' Orangemen, — Orange Hall,

Hall, No. 197 River Street. No. 9 First Street.

Troy Encampment, No. 3. Or- The Troy True Blue Loyal

ganized December 25, 1839. Char- Orange Lodge, No. 31. Organized,

tered, December 6. 1841. Meets on October 17, 1871. Meets on the

the first and third Thursday evenings second Monday evenings of each

of each month in Odd Fellows' Hall, month in Orange Hall.

Canton Leo. No. 8. Patriarchs' Mount Horeb District. L. O.

Militont. Chartered, December 31, L., No. 11. Organized, June 15,

1873* Meets quarterly in January,
April, July, and October, in Orange
Hall.

George Washington, L. O. L.,
No. 61. Organized, June 12, 1873.
Meets on the first Monday evenings of
each month in Orange Hall.

Abraham Lincoln. L. O. L., No.
129. Organized, February 24, 1876.
Meets on the third Monday evening
of each month in Orange Hall.

Pafraets Dael^ a Dutch name, fig-
uratively meaning a lazy man's para-
dise. Officers: C. W. Tillinghast,
2d, president; E. Courtland Gale, vice-
president; A. W. Harrington, jr.,
treasurer; E. S. Van Zile, secretary;
J. H. Harrington, Willard F. Gay,
Francis N. Mann, S. Alexander Orr,
G. B. Pattison, and William C.
Buell, managers.

Club room on the second floor of
the building, No. 270 River Street.

WM. CONNOR'S PAINT WORKS.

Golgotha Royal Black Pre-
CEPTORY, No. 9. Organized, August
30, 1878. Meets on the fourth Monday
evening of each month in Orange
Hall.

The Orange Funeral Aid Asso-
ciation meets quarterly in Orange
Hall.

Pafraets Dael Club.— Incor-
porated, January 9, 1886. The
club takes its name from the
geographical designation of that
part of Rensselaerswyck which
included the site of Troy in 1631.

Paints.—

William Connors, mauofacturer
of American Seal white lead and
ready^mixed paints, Nos. 171 and 173
Hill Street, and Nos. 135 and 137 Ida
Street. The use of paint is common
to all peoples. Its manufacture is
accomplished by innumerable pro-
cesses, simple and complex. The
paints for the preservation of wood,
tin, iron, and other material are mostly
made by machinery and require care-
ful superintendence to perfect the
durability of their color and adhesive-
ness. This important branch of the

business has become a prominent in-
dustry of the city. The paint and
color works of William Connors, on
the south side of Hill Street, were
erected in 1878. The frontage of the
main brick building is fifty-tive feet
with a side depth, including the wing,
of one hundred and eighteen feet.
The American Seal, a ready-mixed
paint, sustains its high reputation
wherever it has been used. It is a
linseed oil paint, durable and elastic,
prepared for immediate use and is
easily applied. It is sold in quantities,
from a pint to a barrel, of any desired
color. It is an excellent dressing for
all kinds of iron, tin, stone, brick,
plaster, and wood work. This popu-
lar paint is tightly sealed in tin cans
from which it may readily be applied
to surfaces exposed to the injurious
effects of air and water. The experi-
ence of the enterprising proprietor of
the Troy paint and color works, Wil-
liam Connors, as a manufacturer of
paint, covers a period of more than a
i>core of years. He is also a dealer in
English and American white lead, dry
or in oil.

Paper-Box Manufaoturers—

Hughes & Simpson, manufacturers
of all kinds of paper-boxes, north-
west comer of River and Hoosick
streets. George Hughes engaged in
the business in Troy, in December,
1872, at No. 7 Bridge Avenue. In
1874, he and E. W. Simpson entered
into partnership, under the name of
Hughes & Simpson, at Nos. 5 and 7
Union Building, Sixth Street. In
1878. they occupied a part of the
building, Nos. 9 and 1 1 Sixth street,
whence they moved on May i, 1885,
to their present manufactory, which
they had purchased of Phillips &
Clark, stove manufacturers. The
firm not only extensively makes paper-
boxes for collar, cuff and shirt manu-

facturers, but also for druggists, jew-
elers, milliners, and .other tradesmen.

Paper-Company, Troy, No.

373 River Street. (See Addenda.)

Paper-Hangings.— (See Wall-
paper.)

Paper-Manufacturers. — The

first mill in Northern New York in
which paper was made was erected
on the Poesten Kill, in 1792. It was
built by Mahlon Taylor, "near his
dwelling-house," and was supplied
with water by the same flume as his
saw-mill and new grist-mill. On De-
cember 29, that year, Charles R. and
George Webster, printers in Albany,
Ashbel Seymour and Perely Ensign,
paper-makers, of the city of Hart-
ford, Conii., purchased the property
for £400. To supply the mill with
rags, they appealed in the newspapers
to the people of the village and the
adjoining country, to save rags for
which they would pay at the mill
three pence per pound for white, blue
brown and check rags, and a propor-
tionate price for other kinds. About
the beginning of the century, a sec-
ond paper-mill was built on the Wy-
nants Kill, immediately east of the
House of Industry, where now is the
Gold Leaf Paper-Mill, on Campbell's
Highway.

Orrs & Co., wall, book, and print-
ing paper-manufacturers, No. 699
River Street. The senior proprietor
of the large mills, near the state dam,
William Orr, in 1826, entered the em-
ploy of William T. Smith, furniture
manufacturer, on the northeast corner
of River and State streets. Some
years afterward, the latter formed a
partnership with Joseph Howland,
and they were for a time proprietors
of the paper-mill on the Wynants

Kill, near the House of Industry.
William Orr, with his brother, Alex-
ander, in 1837, under the firm name
of A. & W. Orr, engaged in the
printing of paper-hangiogs or wall-
paper, at No. 76 Congress Street. In
1839, they continued the business at
No. 265 River street. The first ma-
chinery ever used to print paper by
cylinders, on which the designs or pat-
terns for paper hangings were engrav-
ed or disposed, William Orr claims was

thousand rolls of wall-paper, each
nine yards in length, in three colors.
Previous to the construction of the in-
genious invention, not more than one
hundred rolls, in one color, from de-
signs on flat blocks, could be printed
in a day, by the same number of per-
sons attending the invaluable machine.
It substituted the labor of thirty men.
Unpatented by the inventor, the cyl-
inder press was subsequently improv-
ed by different persons, who at once

ORRS A CO S PAPER MILLS.

invented and constructed by him in
this city. Three pattern-bearing cyl-
inders, six inches in diameter, hori-
zontally revolved at equal distances
against another horizontal revolving
cylinder, thirty-six inches in diame-
ter, carrying the paper receiving the
impressions. The different decorative
liquids were spread over the patterns
by rollers taking the colors from shal-
low basins. The press printed, dur-
ing the working hours of a day, a

protected their improvements by pat-
ents. All the world-renowned, cylin-
drical printing presses of recent years
represent, in part, the original features
of the mechanism of the paper-hang-
ing pattern press used by William
Orr, nearly a half century ago. He
also claims that he was the first paper-
maker in the United States to manu-
facture merchantable printing paper
with wood fiber in it. In 1854, at the
Troy Paper Mill, he made paper,

231

in the compositiron of which there were
one-fourth bass-wood fiber, and three-
fourths rags. He also claims to have
invented and used the wood heads,
with tube and rod, to protect paper
when transported in rolls. In 1847,
William O. Cunningham became a
member of the firm, which then took
the name of A. & W. Orr & Co. In
1854, the Troy Paper Mill, at the
state dam, was erected by the firm.
In 1859, the firm vacated No. 265
River Street, and located its ofEce in
the paper-mill. In 1868, Alexander
M. Orr was admitted a member of the
firm. On December 24, that year,
Alexander Orr died. In 1869, the
other partners formed the firm of Orrs
& Co. Frederick W. Orr became a
member of it in 1870. S. Alexander
Orr, son of William Orr, was admitt-
ed a partner, February i, 1885. The
buildings embrace the Troy Paper-
Mill, the Mount Vernon Mill, the
Boiler House, and a range of storage
houses : the first three fronting on the
hydraulic canal. The New York city
office is at No. 132 Nassau street.

R. T. Smart, manufacturer of straw
wrapping-paper, Tioy City and Gold
Leaf Paper-Mills. Campbell's High-
way, near Rensselaer County Alms
House. The site of the Gold Leaf
Paper-Mill was early in the century
occupied by a mill in which paper
was made. It was once the property of
David Buel, afterward that of Joseph T.
and Thomas I lowland. On April 29,
1853, Joseph Smart, of South Hemp-
stead, Queen's County, the father of
R. T. Smart, leased it for five years,
and manufactured paper there. On
August I, 1858, Joseph W. and An-
drew J. Smart purchased the paper-
mill property. The flour-mill of
Jonathan Richardson, on the site
of the Troy City Paper-Mill, was
purchased by R. T. Smart, Decem-
ber 2, 1858, who also bought the
Gold Leaf Mill property, Febru-

ary 23, 1875. From 1^68 to 1873,
D. D. Tompkins owned the Troy
City Paper-Mill property, which,
in 1873, R. T. Smart purchased. The
latter, now the proprietor of the two
paper-mills on the Wynants Kill, ex-
tensively manufactures an excellent
quality of straw wrapping-paper.

Manning & Peckham (John A.
Manning and Reuben Peckham), ma-
nilla paper-makers, Mount Ida Mills,
foot of Cypress Street, near Ida Falls.
The senior member of the firm,
Reuben Peckliam, in 1836, with John
G. Buswell, formed the firm of Bus-
well & Peckham, stove manufacturers,
which was dissolved in 184 1. On his
return from New York City, he pur-
chased, April I, 1850, the interest of
Alvin Williams, a member of the firm
of Manning & Howland, (William H.
Manning, Gardner Howland, and
Alvin Williams,) which, in 1846,
erected the Mount Ida Mil], and there
began the manufacture of manilla
paper. On Reuben Peckham's ad-
mission to the firm, it took the name
of Manning, Peckham. & Howland.
On the death of William H. Man-
ning, in 1855, the business was con-
ducted under the same name until the
firm's dissolution, in 1857, Since
April I, 1857, the business has been
conducted by Manning & Peckham.

Manning & Paine, (John A. Man-
ning and E. Warren Paine), manilla
paper manufacturers, Olympus Mills,
No. 661 River Street. Firm formed
in 1866.

John A. Manning, manilla paper
manufacturer, Chrystal Palace Mill,
No. 663 River Street. He occupied
the mill in 1883.

Parks.—

Seminary Park, comprising lots
116, 117, and 118, bounded, as then
delineated on a map of Troy, by

Second and Congress streets, on the
west by an alley and south by lot 115,
was conveyed by Jacob D. Van der
Heyden to the trustees of the village
of Troy, May 10, 1796, *'for the use of
a public square and also for the pur-
pose of erecting a public school-house
or academy, if it shall at any time be
judged proper by the inhabitants of
said village." In 1802, the village
trustees expended $300 on the plat m
leveling, fencing, planting trees, and
making walks. On July 18, 1834,
the trustees of the First Presbyterian
Church conveyed to the city two lots,
87 and 88, and a part of lot 86, at the
west end of the plat, "to be kept open
and unoccupied by any building,"
and to * be enclosed as a public park."
(See First Presbyterian Church.)

Washington Park, between Sec-
ond, Third, and Washington streets,
and Washington Place, was set apart,
March 30, 1840, and called Washing-
ton Park," devoted to the purpose of
a private, ornamental park for the use
and recreation of the owners of lots
fronting upon the said park."

Beman Park, a plat of about six
acres, between Fifteenth, Seventeenth,
and Jacob streets, and People's Avenue,
was given to the city by John Sherry
and Sarah L., his wife, on October i,
1878, for a public park. From the
fountain space, the highest elevation
of the plat, there is an extensive pros-
pect of the city and the surrounding
landscape.

Patents.— -

George A. Mosher, solicitor of
American and foreign patents, and
counsellor in patent causes, No. 17
First Street. In recent years, the pro-
tection of inventions by patents has
been accomplished, not so much for
speculative purposes as for the pro-
jection of new businesses and the en-

largement of older industries by law-
ful methods of competition, sustained
by peculiar machinery and different
processes of manufacture. Troy, as a
noted center of manufacture, yearly
originates a large number of valuable
inventions to be used in her mills,
factories, and workshops for a cheaper
production of the goods and articles
augmenting her industrial fame. To
secure a patent, it is necessary to em-
ploy a well-informed solicitor to pre-
pare accurate specifications and to
direct the delineation of proper draw-
ings. From two weeks to six months
time is needed to obtain a patent.
George A. Mosher, since 1882, has
wholly devoted his attention in se-
curing patents for the large number
of inventors employing him.

Fetersburgh, a town in Reus-
selaer County, was erected, March 18,
1 791, The village of North Peters-
burgh is about twenty-seven miles
east of Troy. It is a station on the
Boston, Hoosac Tunnel & Western,
Lebanon Springs, and Troy & Bos-
ton railroads. Population is about
300. A church, two taverns, and
a store are in the place. South
Petersburgh contains three churches,
several hotels, and six stores, and a
number of manufactories. Popula-
tion about 300. Stillman village is
west of South Petersburgh.

Population of the town: 18 10,
2,039; 1815, 1,761; 1820, 2,248; 1825,
2.088; 1830, "2,011; 1835. 1,950; 1840,
1.901; 1845, 1.876; 1850, 1,908; 1855,
1,663; i860, 1,698; 1865, 1,670; 1870,
1,732; 1875, 1.718; 1880, 1,785.

Photographers.-—

Hardy & Van Arnam, (George R.
Hardy and John M. Van Arnam),
photographers. No. 390 River Street,
between Bridge Avenue and Jacob
Street.

James Irving, photographer, No.
13 Second Street, engaged in the busi-
ness in 1844.

James Lloyd, photographer, No.
44 Third Street. (Sec Addenda.)

Zeph. F. Magill, photographer,
Keenan Building, northwest comer
of Broadway and Third Street

James D. Schroder, photographer.
Nos. 306 and 308 River Street, east
side, between Fulton and Grand
Division streets.

Pianos and Organs.— -It is

likely that Joshua Thurston, from
London., Eng., who began manufac-
turing pianos in Troy in 18 19. was the
first person to engage in the business
in the state of New York. In May.
that year, he informed the citizens of
Troy and Albany that he had " on
hand a grand, three-stringed, cabinet
piano forte," which he should offer
for sale as soon as finished. In July
following, he advertised a "grand
cabinet piano forte, with drum ac-
companiment," for sale, at Union
Hall •• The amateurs of music and
friends of home manufacture." he
announced, "are respectfully invited
to call and inspect his six octave,
grand cabinet piano forte, which he
assures them is equal to the best that
has been imported^ in touch, tone, ap-
pearance, and for strength and stand-
ing in tune superior to all "

Cluett & Sons, dealers in pianos,
organs, and music. No. 265 River
Street. This well-known music house
was founded in 1854 by William Clu-
ett. the senior member of the firm.
On the association of his son, J. W.
A. Cluett, with him in the business,
in 1857, the firm took the name of
Cluett k Son. On the withdrawal of
J. W. A. Cluett tocDgage in the manu-
facture of collars and cuffs, in 1863.
Edmund and Frederick H. Cluett

became partners of their father, under
the name of Cluett & Sons. N. L.
Weatherby became a member of the
firm in 1877. For more than a quar-
ter of a century the Cluetts have, as
agents, represented the excellent
Chickering and Steinway pianos and
the Estey Orgrans, and in later years,
the popular Weber, Fischer, and Lin-
deman pianos, and the Wilcox &
White organs. Pianos are now deem-
ed a necessary part of household fur-
niture, and this long-established house
annually sells from one to two thou-
sand pianos and organs in Northern
New York, Western Massachusetts,
and in the state of Vermont. The
branch establishments of the firm are
at No. 49 State Street, Albany; No.
129 Warren Street, Hudson ; Harris*
Block, Fort Edward; England's
Block, Pittsfield, Mass ; and Mer-
chant's Row, Rutland, Vt. The firm
occupied its Temple of Music in 1875,
where in its spacious salesrooms are
to be found a large selection of the
different pianos and organs so popular
with the public.

Fittstown, a town in Rensselaer
County, was erected March 7, 1788,
by the " act for dividing the counties
of this state into towns." The town
embraces a great part of the territory
of the Pittstown patent, granted by
George III., July 23, 1761. The
tract of land was named Pittstown in
honor of William Pitt, Earl of Chat-
ham. Johnsonville, so named by Wil-
liam Johnson, a miller, at the Lick,
as its site was first called, a station on
the Troy and Boston, the Boston,
Hoosac Tunnel and Western, and the
Greenwich and Johnsonville railroads,
seventeen miles from Troy, had a pop-
ulation of 397 in 1880. In it are
three churches, two hotels, six stores,
and an axe factory. Valley Falls,
population, in 1880. 782, fourteen
miles from Troy, is a station on the

CLUETT A sons' MUSIC HOUSE.

235

Troy and Boston, and the Boston,
Hoosac Tunnel and Western rail-
roads. A church, several factories,
mills, hotels, and stores, and al'out
125 dwellings are in it. Tomhannock,
thirteen miles northeast of Troy, em-
braces two churches, a hotel, several
stores and mills, and about fifty other
buildings. Raymertown, ten miles
from Troy, contains a church, a hotel,
several stores and mills, and about
fifty dwellings. Boyntonville, two
churches, two hotels, several stores,
and about thirty-five other buildings.
Pittstown Corners, three churches,
three stores, and about thirty-five
buildings. North Pittstown, a church
and about twenty other buildings.
East Pittstown, a church ; and Cooks-
borough, a church.

Population of the town: 1790, 2,447;
1800, 3,483; 1810, 3,692; 1815, 3,708;
1820, 3.772; 1825, 3.746; 1830, 3,702;
1835. 3.919; 1840, 3,784; 1845. 3.628;
1850 3.732; 1855, 3,602; i860, 3.826;
1865, 3,831; 1870, 4,093; 1875. 3.967;
1880, 4.136.

Floasure Island, in the Hud-
son, between Troy and Albany, was
opened as a summer resort, on Sunday,
July 2, 1882. Area. 21 acres. The
boats plying between the two cities
land passengers on the island.

Plumbing and Gas-fitting.—

William Ferguson, plumber and
gas-fitter, Nos. 359 and 361 Fulton
street. (See Addenda.)

Poestenkill, a town in Rensse-
laer County, erected March 2, 1848.
The village of Poestenkill has about
350 inhabitants, and. contains two
churches, three hotels, three stores,
and about fifty other buildings. East
Poestenkill contains two churches, a
hotel, and several stores. Barber-

ville and Ives' Comers are small col-
lections of houses.

Population: 1850, 2092; 1855, i,-
878; i860, 1,833; 1865, 1,952; 1870,
1,769; 1875. 1,727; 1880, 1.765.

Police. — The police force of the
city is under the control of four po-
lice commissioners, elected by the
common council, two from each of the
two principal political parties. They
each receive annual salaries of $1,000.
The present police force went on duty
March 21, 1885. It now numbers one
superintendent, three captains, ten ser-
geants, eighty patrolmen, six super-
numeraries, four station-house keepers,
two surgeons, one chief detective, and
three subordinate detectives. The
city is divided into three precincts,
with a station-house in each, contain-
ing quarters for the policemen, cells
for prisoners, and apartments for home-
less people. Each precinct has a
captain of police, three sergeants, ahd
a number of patrolmen. The first
precinct station-house is on the south
side of Adams Street, between First
and Second streets ; the second is on
the north side of State Street, be-
tween Second and Third streets ; the
third is on the east side of North Sec-
ond Street, between Hoosick and
Vanderheyden streets. The police
court sits daily at 9 A. M., in the second
precinct station house. The offices of
the police commissioners and superin-
tendent of police are in rooms 16 and
17 in the city-hall.

Population of Troy.— Emi-
grrants began to settle on the site
of Troy in 1786. The village was
incorporated, March 25, 1794; the
city, April 12, .1816. The popula-
tion of 1795 and 1800 is estimated.
That of the wards was not taken
until 1825,

1795. 450; 1800, 1,200; 1805, 2,.
255; 1810, 3.395; 1815, 4.254: 1820,

236

5.264; i825, 7.859; 1830, 11. 551; 1835,
16.959; 1840, 19.334; 1845. 21.709;
1850. 28.785; 1855, 33.269; i860, 39.-
235; 1865. 39, 293; 1870. 44.533; 1875.
48,964; 1880. 56,747f

Pork Packers and Provision
Dealers. — The business of pork
packing, and the shipment of dressed
beef, was an important industry of
the village of Troy in the last centu-
ry. In 1798, nearly three thousand
cattle were slaughtered for the mar-
kets of New York City and elsewhere.

Charles Warner & Co., (Ebene-
zer Warner and Charles Smith.) pork
packers and provision dealers. Nos.
323 and 325 River Street. The busi-
ness was begun by Ebenezer Warner,
about the year 1838. on whose death,
in 1849. the linn of Charles Warner
& Co., (Ebenezer^and Lucius Warner),
was formed. Lucius Warner died in
1856. Charles Smith became a part-
ner in August, 1867. The building
No. 323 River Street, was first occu-
pied by the firm in 1853.

Albert De Freest, wholesale and
retail dealer in pork and lard ; also,
groceries and provisions ; northwest
comer of Congress and Fourth streets.
Established 1854.

Post-office, first floor of the Ma-
sonic Temple, west side of Third
Street, between Fulton Street and
Broadway. Before the establishment
of a post-ofiice in Lansingburgh, in-
1792, the inhabitants of Troy received
letters through the Albany office.
They were brought usually to the
village weekly by the post-riders
carrying newspapers to subscribers
along the routes. When Lansing-
burgh became a post-town, letters for
people in Troy, were sent there and
were obtained commonly on the ar-
rival of the mails by some delegated

carrier who delivered them to the per-
sons to whom they were addressed.
In 1796, Nathan Williams, a law-
student, fitting himself for admission
to the bar, in the office of John Wood-
worth, surrogate of Rensselaer Coun-
ty, was appointed post-master at Troy.
Tradition says that the first post-office
was in John Woodworth*s law office.
While David Buel was post-master,
the post-office was in his store. No.
225 River Street. During the incum-
bency of Samuel Gale, the post-office
was in a small back room of the reno-
vated building. No. 163 River Street,
now the drug-house of John L. Thomp-
son Sons, & Co., on the west side of
River Street, between Congress and
State Streets. When William Pierce,
a well-known hotel-keeper and stage-
proprietor, was made post-master, he
located the office in the building then
known as No. 173 River, between
Congress and State streets, and in
1830 moved it to the building. No.
6 State Street, south side, on the east
comer of the alley, between River
and First streets. George R. Davis,
May. 1846, moved the post-office from
State Street to the Athenaeun Build-
ing, on the east side of First Street,
between River and State streets. The
recent post-master, Gilbert Robinson,
jr., moved the office to the Masonic
Temple, on Saturday, April 23, 1882.
The present free delivery system was
inaugurated in Troy in 1864, with five
carriers. The Troy post-office de-
livery system includes Lansingburgh
and Green Island.

Since the establishment of a post-
office in Troy, eighty-nine years ago,
nineteen persons have been post-mas-
ters by appointment:

Nathan Williams, 1796 to 1797;
John Woodworth, 1797 to 1800;
David Buel, 1800 to 1804; Ruggles
Hubbard, 1804 to 1 806; Samuel Gale,
1806 to 1829; William Pierce, 1829 to
1832; Isaac McConihe, December,

237

1832 to 1842; Charles H. Read,
August, 1842 to 1843; George R.
Davis, August, 1843 to 1S49; Thomas
Clowes, 1849 to 185 1 ; William T.
Willard. 1851 to 1853; Foster Bos-
worth, 1853 to 1854; W. W. Whit-
man, 1854 to 1858; James R. Fonda.
Dec. 15, 1858 to Oct. 15, 1861; George
T. Blair, Sept. 1861 to 1862; Thomas
Clowes, 1862 to April 9, 1866; (J. W.
Freeman, Thomas Clowes' bondsman,
on the death of the latter, performed
his duties until the appointment of
his successor); Alonzo Alden, ap-
pointed June I, 1866 to 1874; Gilbert
Robertson, jr., appointed February 9,
1874, reappointed, February i8, 1878;
reappointed April 4, 1882; term ex-
pired, March 16, 1886; Edward Dolan,
appointed April 28, 1886, and entered
npon his duties May 17.

Presbyterian Churches. —
There are twelve Presbyterian church-
es in the city, including Westminister
Church, within the limits of Lansing-
burgh.

First Presbyterian Church,
east side of First Street, between
Congress and Ferry streets. Previous
to the year 1793, the people of the
village of Troy were at first accustom-
ed to meet on Sundays in the ball-
chamber of Ashley's tavern, on the
east side of River street, between
Congress and Ferry streets, to engage
in divine worship. The time of the
service was announced by the prolong-
ed blowing of a conch-shell used at
the ferry to notify passengers of the
crossing of the boat. The exercises,
in the absence of a minister, were
commonly an opening and closing
prayer made by William Frazer, a
pious Scotchman, afterward for many
years the sexton of the church, two
psalms or hymns, lined by Jacob D.
Van der Heyden, the patroon, who
led the singing, and a selected sermon

read by Dr. Samuel Gale or Colonel
Albert Pawling. The congregation,
after its organization and previous to
the erection of the meeting-house on
the southeast comer of First and Con-
gress streets, worshiped in the school-
house on the rear of the lot, on the
east side of the alley, nearly opposite
the yard on the south side of the
court-house. Desiring to organize an
incorporated Presbyterian congrega-
tion, a number of the persons attend-
ing these meetings assembled **at the
dwelling-house of Stephen Ashley,"
inn-holder, on December 31. {791,
and there elected, according to law,
Jacob D. Van der Heyden, Samuel
Gale, Ephraim Morgan, John Mc-
Chesney, sr., Benjamin Covell, and
Benjamin Gorton, *' trustees of the
Presbyterian Congregation of the
town of Troy." On August 9, 1792,
a number of persons in Lansingburgh
"incorporated themselves into a
Presbyterian congregation in the same
manner, and chose the same number
of trustees." On August 31, that
year, the members of the two bodies,
in the name of the united Presbyterian
congregations of Lansingburgh and
Troy, subscribed a call given the
Rev. Jonas Coe, a graduate of Queen's
College (now Rutger's), and a licen-
ciate of the Presbytery of New York,
to become their pastor. The trustees
of the congregation to collect regular-
ly the contributions of the members
were induced, on account of the
scarcity of small coin, to put in circula-
tion notes of small denominations.
Those of two pence read : " By order
of the trustees of the Presbyterian
Congregation of Troy, I promise to
pay the bearer two pence, on demand.
B. Gorton, treasurer. August 28th,
1792." About this time, the erection
of the wooden meeting-house on the
east side of First street, near Con-
gress street, was begun on a plat of
ground belonging to Jacob D. Van

der Heyden. For framing and weath-
er- boarding the building, the contract •
ors, Abel House, Robert Powers,
Henry and John De Camp, and Ben-
jamin Smith, were to be paid *' 46
pounds, 13 shillings, York money, in
cash ; and 93 pounds, 7 shillings, in
European and West Indian goods, at
the retail prices in Troy." At a meet-
ing of the members of the congrega-
tion, on November 26, 1792, it was
resolved that,

'* Whereas the inhabitants of the
town have begun and partly complet-
ed a church-building, but by reason
of the almost infant settlement, and a
variety of other public expenses,
which must necessarily attend a newly
settled town, they find it burdensome
for them to carry their wishes into ef-
fect without calling in the aid of their
friends and fellow Christians, we
therefore, the trustees of said congre-
gation, * * * » hereby appoint
Jacob D. Van der Heyden to present
our memorial to all whom he shall
think proper, requesting their aid and
assistance in the completion of the
above undertaking."

In the spring of 1793, the flooring
was laid, temporary staging erected,
and boards supported by blocks for
seats were arranged in the plainly con-
structed building. The Rev. Jonas
Coe, who had been preaching to the
congregation for some time after ac-
cepting the call, was ordained and in-
stalled in the meeting-house, on Tues-
day, June 25, that year, by the Pres-
bytery of Albany. *'On the occasion,
the Rev. John McDonald presided,
and delivered a solemn and pathetic
discourse from the address of Paul to
the elders of Ephesus, Acts 20 : 28.
The Rev. Simon Hosic gave the
charge to the newly ordained minis-
ter, and the Rev. Aaron Condict ad-
dressed the people. All was con-
ducted with propriety and dignity be-
coming the solemnity of the occasion."

A vault was constructed under the
church, and the remains of Dirk Van
der Heyden and wife, the parents of
Jacob D. Van der Heyden, were taken
from their graves in the burial ground
near the homestead, and deposited
there.

On August 8, that year, at a meet-
ing of the congregation, Jacob D. Van
der Heyden and Timothy Hutton, sr.,
were elected elders, and Philip Ileartt,
deacon. On December 16. the same
year, in Troy, the session of the
united congregations of Lansing-
burgh and Troy convened for the first
time. It was then resolved that the
session should alternately meet *' in
the towns of Troy and Lansingburgh."
It was further resolved that the sac-
rament of the Lord's supper should
be administered twice annually ; ** for
the first time in the town of Troy, on
the third Sabbath of March," 1794,
"and in the town of Lansingburgh,
on the third Sabbath of July follow-
ing ; and afterward every six months
in each town alternately." "A selec-
tion of tunes was directed to be made
for the use of the congregations, with
which they were best acquainted ;
and no others to be sung in public
worship until it should be deemed
necessary to make a new addition."

On June i, 1795, Jacob D. Van der
Heyden, in consideration of five
shillings money of the state of New
York received by him, conveyed six-
teen lots to *' the trustees of the Pres-
byterian Congregation in the town of
Troy," including the lots numbered
86, 87, and 88, bounded northerly by
Congress Street, westerly by First
Street, easterly by an alley, twenty
feet wide, and southerly by lot 85 ;
each lot 50 by 130 feet, " being the
ground on which the meeting-house"
stood. The Rev. Jonas Coe having
accepted, in January, 1804, the call
of the congregation in Troy to devote
the whole of his time to it, and the

ii^f;i..!.iy*iil^

240

Presb3rter3r having dissolved the rela-
tions existing between the united con-
gregations, and declared him the pas-
tor of the former only, the Rev.
Jonas Coe continued his ministerial
labors in Troy until his death in 1822.

In 18 1 5, a subscription was circu-
lated and 1450 were collected *' to pur-
chase a suitable bell to be hung in the
steeple" of the meeting-house, a
white-painted structure, 60 by 40 feet.
The sittings were the old-style box-
pews. The elevated pulpit, overhung
by a canopy, surmounted with the fig-
ure of a dove, was reached by a narrow
flight of winding, balustraded steps.
Below and in front of it was the desk
of the clerk, who lined the psalms
and hymns, and led the singing. Pre-
vious to the heating of the building by
stoves, hot bricks and foot-stoves were
carried to the church in severely cold
weather to warm the feet of aged
people and delicate women attending
the services. Not unfrequently the
coldness of the building compelled
the Rev. Jonas Coe to preach in his
great cloak, with his hands incased in
knitted gloves. In 1803, the intro-
duction of a stove to heat the build-
ing caused considerable discussion,
and some of the members withdrew
from the congregation. Afterward
two box-stoves made the building
more comfortable in winter. When
carpets were placed on the floor of
the church for the first time no little
dissension was created. The intro-
duction of instrumental music was
much opposed, and the bass viol,
called **the devil's fiddle," in the
choir, was looked upon with contempt
by many of the members.

The session-house, on the south side
of the meeting-house, was erected in
1819, *' to be used as a house of
prayer and such other purposes" as
the session deemed proper.

In 1834, the congregation desiring
a better and larger house of worship.

an agreement was made with the
municipal authorities to exchange, by
deeds, lots 87 and 88, and a part of
lot 86, for lots 85 and 84, next south
of lot 86. on which to erect a church.
On July 18, that year, the trustees
conveyed the three lots to the city,
with a reservation respecting lot 86,
*• so that a small part of said meeting-
house so to be erected only shall stand
upon said lots with a view that the
residue of said lots may forever * *
be kept open and unoccupied by any
building and * ♦ * be enclosed
as a public park and yard in front of
the same meeting-house." It was
stipulated that the portico of the
chtirch should not extend more than
15 feet on lot 86, and the steps not
more than seven beyond the portico.
A right of way was reserved by the
trustees to and from Congress and
also to and from First Street ; a gate
to be on First Street, another on Con-
gress Street and another either on
Congress or First Street, west of the
alley. The value of the lots obtained
from the city was estimated at $11,000.
The erection of the building was be-
gun in the spring of 1835, and on
Thursday afternoon, April 23, that
year, the corner-stone was laid with
appropriate services. In it was placed
a copy of the original subscription for
building the first meeting-house.
Early in the summer of 1836, the
building was finished, having a front-
age on the park of 7a feet and a depth
including the portico, of 107 feet.
The church is of Doric architecture,
hexastyle. The cost of the edifice
was about $45,000. On Wednesday
afternoon, May 25, that year, the
church was dedicated ; the Rev. Ed-
ward N. Kirk, of Albany, preaching
the dedicatory sermon. A bell, weigh-
ing 3,200 pounds, made by Oscar
Hanks, was hung in the belfry beneath
the roof of the portico. The sur-
rounding wood-work confined the

■ ' ' il B-*-!'"' " '

r M if,

242

sound of the bell so much that the
ringing of it in its location was con-
sidered unserviceable, and the bell
was sold some years later to a firm of
bell-founders in the city. The first
meetine-house, commonly called '* the
old white church/' was sold at public
auction, on Monday, June 13, 1836.

In 1873, the interior of the second
edifice was greatly improveid. On
one of the three mural tablets in the
building is graven : Inscribed to the
memoiy of Rev. Jonas Coe, D. D. ,
ordained first pastor of this church,
June asth, 1793. Died July 21st,

1822, in the 64th year of his age, hav-
ing discharged the duties of an affec-
tionate shepherd 29 years.

On another : Inscribed to the mem-
ory of Jacob D. Vanderheyden, Esq.,
founder and father of this congrega-
tion, and the first ruling elder in this
church. Bom in Albany, October
28th, 1758. Died in Troy, September
4th, 1809.

On the third: In memory of Nathan
Sidney Smith Beman, for forty years
pastor of this church, from June i8th,

1823, to June i8th, 1863. Bom at
New Lebanon, N. Y., Nov. 26, 1785.
Died at Carbondale, 111., August 8th,
1871, aged 86 years.

In 1873, three beautifully figured
memorial windows were placed above
the middle door ; the central one the
gift of a number of the friends of the
Rev. N. S. S. Beman, D. D., to
whose memory it was inscribed. The
one on the west side of it is a memo-
rial to the Rev. Jonas Coe, D. D.; the
gift of his son-in-law, James Brown,
of New York City. The east window
was given by the congregation in
memory of Jacob D. Van der Hey-
den. The circular window above the
west door is in memory of Charles P.
Hartt. the gift of his widow. The
one above the east door, in memory
of Gordon B. Saxton and Philena F.
Saxton, was given by their son, S. B.
Saxton.

Pastors : Jonas Coe, D. D., June
^5* I793> to July 21, 1822 ; Nathan S.
S. Beman, D. D., LL. D., June 18,
1823, to June 18, 1863 ; Marvin R.
Vincent, D. D., June 18, 1863. to
April 17, 1873 ; George N. Webber,
D. D., April 8, 1874, to April, 1883 ;
Kerr C. Anderson, D. D., called De-
cember 26, 1883, installed April,
1884, resigned, September 28, 1885 ;
Theophilus Parsons Sawin, called
April 6, 1886, installed, June 17,
1886.

Co-pastors: Robert R. Booth, D.
D., November 30, 1853, to June 14,
1857 ; Herrick Johnson, D. D., Jan-
uary 28, i860, to October 13, 1862.

Second Presbyterian Church,
west side of Fifth Street, between
Fulton and Grand Division streets. -
On Febraary I, 1826, a number of
persons, chiefly members of the First
Presbyterian Church, having deter-
mined to form a second Presbyterian
society in the city, and to erect a house
of worship, and having appointed
Jeremiah Danohy, Stephen Eldridge,
William D. Haight, Robert D. Silli-
man, Uriah Wallace, and Gideon
Buckingham trustees, circulated a
subscription paper to obtain money to
secure a site and to erect a building.
One hundred and eight persons sub-
scribed $11,165, ^^ sums from $5 to
$1,000, payable to the trustees. . On
May 22, that year, the trustees pur-
chased lots 873 and 874, on the south-
east comer of Grand Division and
Sixth streets, for $650. At a meeting
held May 25, in the school-house, on
the west side of Fourth Street, near
the corner of Fourth and Elbow (Ful-
ton) streets, where the organizers of
the society had been attending divine
services, the persons already mention-
ed as trustees were elected such offi-
cers of the ** Second Presbyterian
Congregation of the city of Troy,"
according to the laws of the state of
New York.

SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

244

The erection of a meeting-hous^
was begun in June, on the plat of
ground on Grand Division Street. On
Wednesday, July 12, the trustees re-
ceived those of the First Presbyterian
Church, at the house of Gideon Buck-
ingham, on the east side of Fourth
Street, adjacent the site of the Troy
City National Bank, and with a num-
ber of invited ministers proceeded to
the site of the church to lay the cor-
ner-stone. In the cavity of the stone
was placed a cast-iron box, on the
bottom of which the name of the firm
of Starbuck & Gurley, iron-founders,
was imprinted, and on the bell-metal
cover was lettered: "Julius Hanks,
July 12, 1826." Deposited in the box
was a copper-plate, on which was in-
scribed : ** The corner-stone of the
Second Presbyterian Church was laid
July 12, 1826. Trustees, Jeremiah
Dauchy, Stephen Eldridge, William
D. Haight, Robert D. Silliman,
Uriah Wallace, Gideon Buckingham.
Nehemiah Brown, mason; John Ayres,
carpenter." With it were copies of
the different newspapers then pub-
lished in the city and a number of
American coins. After a prayer
offered by the Rev. Ebenczer Cheever
of Hoosick, the comer-stone was
placed in position. The Rev. N. S.
S. Beman of the First Presbyterian
Church then delivered an address ;
the exercises closing with a prayer by
the Rev. Mr. Bascom of South Caro-
lina.

On March 10, 1827, when the build-
ing was completed, a call was given
the Rev. Mark Tucker, at Northamp-
ton, Massachusetts, to become the
pastor of the congregation. On Wed-
nesday, July 18, the church was dedi-
cated ; the Rev. Dr. Griffin, president
of Williams College, preaching the
sermon, and the Rev. Dr. Chester of
Albany and the Rev. Mr. Cheever of
Waterford taking part in the exer-
cises. In the building there were

seven hundred sittings, not including
five hundred in the gallery. On Sep-
tember 24, fifty-five persons received
letters of dismissal from the First
Pregbyterian Church to become mem-
bers of the Second church. The
Rev. Mark Tucker was installed pas-
tor, October 31, 1827. On Saturday,
May 10, 1862, a brand from the rail-
road bridge over the Hudson lodged
on the steeple of the church, which
with more than seven hundred other
structures in the city was consumed in
the terrible conflagration of that well^
remembered afternoon. Until the
completion of the session-house, on
the present church plat, the congrega-
tion worshiped in Harmony Hall and
in different churches tendered its use.
In December the congregation began
holding services in the session-house.
On July 14, 1864, the comer-stone
of the present church was laid by the
pastor, the Rev. Daniel S. Gregory.
The building was dedicated on the
evening of March 30, 1865 ; the Rev.
William H. Green, D. D., of Prince-
ton Theolc^ical Seminary, preaching
the dedicatory sermon. The clock
on the church was given the congrega-
tion by Clarence Willard, deceased,
by a bequest of $900.

Pastors : Mark Tucker, D. D., Oc-
tober 31, 1827 to May 2, 1837 ; Eras-
tus Hopkins, September 13, 1837 to
October 14, 1841 ; Charles Wads-
worth, Febraary 17, 1842 to March 4,
1850: Thomas P. Field, November
14, 1850 to April 15, 1854 ; Elam
Smalley, D. D., June 21, 1854 to his
death, July 30, 1858 ; Joseph T. Dur-
yea D. D., May 19, 1859 to March,
1862 ; Daniel S. Gregory, August 8,
1863 to December 8, 1866 ; William
Irvin, D, D., July il, 1867, to pres-
ent time.

Third Presbyterian Church is
on the north side of Washington
Street, Albia. A number of persons,

d4$

which had been attending regnlarly
for several months divine wor^ip in
the school-house in the villa|;e, assem-
bled there on the evening of August
i6, 1830. and elected Jesse Tracy,
Daniel Wight, and Andrew Finch
trustees of the Third Presbyterian
Church of the city of Troy. On De-
cember 7, that year, forty-eight mem-
bers of the First Presbyterian Church
were disnfissed to form the new con-
gregation. The session of the church
held its first meeting at the house of
Jesse Tracy, on December 17, that
year ; the three elders being present,
Jesse Tracy, Asaph Clark, and An-
drew Finch. On August 16, 1831,
two lots were purchased on the north
side of Washington Street. The erec-
tion of a wooden church was then be-
gun. It was dedicated December 16,
that year ; the Rev. Edward N. Kirk
of Albany preaching the dedicatory
sermon. The building was burned
March 24, 1853 The present brick
edifice was built that year. (See
Mt. Ida Presbyterian Memorial
Church.)

Pastors: Ebenezer Seymour, 1831;
Jacob Miller, 1859 ; R. G. Hinsdale,
1861; J. H. Robinson. 1863-64; W.
W. Page. 1865 ; Charles O. Thatcher,
1867-68; J. H. Noble, 1869-70; C.
P. Evans, from August i, 1883, to
present time.

Second Street Presbyterian
Church, east side of Second Street,
between Congress and Ferry streets.
At the beginning of the year 1833, a
number of the members of the Second
Presbyterian Church, desiring to or-
ganize another Presbyterian society
and to erect a house of worship in
the immediate vicinity of their homes,
began to take such steps as were neces-
sary for the accomplishment of those
objects. John T. McCoun, Samuel
Gale, George Vail, and Abram Nash,
on February 6, that year, purchased a

part of lot 143, and on February 25,
a part of lot 142, on the east side of
Second Street, opposite the Troy Fe-
male Seminary property, for the site
of a church. A committee, appointed
on February 9, to solicit subscriptions,
soon obtained the sum of $20,325.
On the purchased plats the erection
of a bouse of worship was begun ;
the comer-stone of which was laid
July 2, 1833. The edifice was dedica-
ted August 6, 1834. On September
13, George Palmer, Matthew Lane,
John T. McCoun, Henry Burden,
Hanford N. Lockwood, Leroy Mow-
ry, Alfred Slason, John Wheeler,
and Townsend M. Vail were elected
trustees. The society was organized
as the Second Street Presb3rterian
Church, on the petition of sixty-nine
members from the Second Presbyte-
rian Church, and by the election of
Abraham Nash, George Vail, David
Wight, Edward Wilson, jr., elders,
and Abraham Brower, deacon. On
the same day, the Rev. William D.
Snodgrass, D. D., was called to the
pastorate of the church, and was in-
stalled October 8.

In 1866, the organ, presented by
John T. McCoun and wife, gave place
to one the gift of the daughters of
Mrs. Betsey A. Hart.

In February, 1 881, the congrega-
tion determined to renovate and en-
large the church, and on July 18, the
work began. The auditorium was
refitted, the galleries were removed, a
new pulpit was built, the organ and
choir were placed at the north side of
it, an attractive facade and bell-tower
erected, the Sunday school-room was
repainted, and many other improve-
ments were made. The total expen-
ditures amounted to $34,357.18. The
first Sunday service in the enlarged
building was held on the morning of
April 30, 1882. The five memorial
windows in the south wall are severally
inscribed : To the memory of Thomas

246

W. Blatchford. M. D.. 1794-1866;
to the memory of Rev. John K. Davis
and Miss Helen S. Davis ; in memory
of Pliny M. Corbin, for 21 years an
elder in this church; in memory of
Mrs. Theodocia C. Fitch and her
daughter, Mrs. Emily Fitch Heartt;
and in memory of Aaron Read, 1781-
1871. In the north wall are five other
memorial windows, severally inscribed:
In loving memory of Phebe Bloom
Vail by her daughters, Jeanie E. Vail
and Phebe H. Vail; in memory of
Samuel and Mary Gale by their sons,
£. Thompson and John B. Gale; in
memory of Townsend McCoun Vail
and MarUia Card, his wife, by their
son, Samuel McCoun Vail ; in memo-
nam, Jared S. Weed, by his wife,
Mary S. Weed ; to the memory of
George Vail, an elder in this church
from its organization to his death in
187a, and of Jane, his wife, who died
in 1866.

Pastors: W. D. Snodgrass, D. D.,
October 3, 1834, to 1844 ; E. W. An-
drews, September 18, 1844 to 1848 ;
Ebenezer Halley, D. D.. July 6, 1848,
to 1855 ; Duncan Kennedy, D. D.,
July II, 1855, to 1867 ; Charles E.
Robinson, D. D., October 23, 1867,
to 1877 ; Frederick G. Clark, D. D.,
April I, 1878, to April 29, 1886.

Liberty Street Presbyterian
Church is on the north side of Lib-
erty Street, between Third and Fourth
streets. The lot on which it is built
was purchased by the city, June 30,
1834. Shortly afterward the old ses-
sion-house of the First Presbyterian
Church was bought and removed to
the site and an additional story added
to the building. On Thursday, No-
vember 27, that year, it was dedicated;
the Rev. Theodore S. Wright of New
York City preaching the dedicatory
sermon. The large room on the
second floor was set apart for divine
worship, and the two rooms beneath

were used for a Sunday-school and a
day-school. There was no distinct
church organization effected by those
worshiping there until January 17,
1840, when the common council of
the city appointed T. B. Bigelow,
William Rich, and Alexander
Thuey trustees until a properly in-
corporated society could own the
property. Thirty-three members of
the First Presbyterian Ch\irch re-
ceived their cards of dismission and
organized the Liberty Street Presby-
terian Church. On February 3, that
year, William Rich, Alexander Thu-
ey, and Peter Jackson were elected
trustees of the Liberty Street Presby-
terian Church, agreeable to the laws
of the state of New York for the in-
corporation of religious societies, and
they, on February 6, that year, pur-
chased the meeting-house and its site
for $1,000.

Pastors : Henry Highland Gamett,
1841 to 1848; Edwin H. Freeman,
1850 ; Benjamin Lynch, 1853 to 1855 ;
J. C. Gibbs. 1855 to i$6o ; James N.
Gloucester, i860 to 1861 ; Jacob A.
Prime, 1863 to 1870 ; John Matthews,
1874 ; William Lynch, 1876 to 1878 ;
J. A. Prime, (supply), 1880 to 1881 ;
W. C. Brown, 1882 to present time.

Park Presbyterian Church,
west side of Second Street, between
Washington and Adams streets. The
desirability of having a Presbyterian
church in the vicinity of Washington
Park being common to a number of
Presbyterians residing in that part of
the city in 1853, they, in the spring of
that year, subscribed various sums of
money to erect one. In the following
August the erection of the building
was begun ; a site on the west side of
Second Street, near Adams, having
beeii purchased. In July, 1854, a
room in the edifice having been fur-
nished, services were held in it, and
a Sunday-school organized. On Au-

247

gust 24, the Troy (Old School) Prcs-
bytery constituted the Park Presby-
terian Church, with a membership of
twenty-three persons. On the follow-
ing day the great fire of 1854 occurred,
destro3ring two hundred buildings in
the vicinity of the church. All the
families connected with the organiza-
tion, except four, weie deprived of
their homes. Flying brands set fire
to the building, but it was saved by the
exertions of some of the members of
the church and aiding firemen. For a
time the impoverished condition of
the church members delayed the com-
pletion of the building. On Decem-
ber 31^ 1854, the church was dedi-
cated.

The first elders of the church were
John Kerr and Lyman J. Rundell.

Pastors : Charles S. Robinson, 1855
to i860; Gilbert H. Robertson, i860
to 1864; Abner DeWitt. 1865 to
1871 ; Donald MacGregor, May, 1872,
to present time.

WooDsiDE Presbyterian Church,
north side of Mill Street. Under the
auspices of the First Presbyterian
Church, a Sunday-school was organ-
ized about the beginning of the year
1866, in Mechanics' Hall, still stand-
ing on the south side of Mill Street
near the church. At a meeting held
on April 8, 1867, a number of Pres-
byterians, residing in that part of the
city, determined to form a church, and
engaged the Rev. John Tatlock, of
Williamstown, Mass., to take charge
of it. At their request, a committee
of the Troy Presbytery, on June 19,
in Mechanics' Hall, organized the
South Presbyterian Church of Troy,
with twenty-nine members ; elders,
Richard Davidson, Thomas B. Cook,
and Ira R. Travell. On January 24,
1868, a call was given the Rev. John
Tatlock, " which, however, was not
prosecuted before the Presbytery,"
and he resigned, on May i, "his po-
sition as stated minister." In May,

the erection of a church and chapel
was begun on the land given by
Erastus Coming and Henry Burden.
The comer-stone was laid September
16. The name of the organization
was changed to that of the Woodside
Presbyterian Church. About the mid-
dle of June, 1869, the chapel was first
used for church services. On July 15
the church was dedicated. The cost
of the attractive stone-edifice, includ-
ing the chapel at the north end of it,
was $75,000. Sittings, 300. A tab-
let on the interior side of the south
wall of the church bears this inscrip-
tion : " Woodside Memorial Church,
dedicated to the service of the Triune
God. has been erected to the memory
of Helen Burden by her husband,
Henry Burden, in accordance with
her long cherished and earnest desire,
1869." The new chapel, built of
stone, east of the church and opposite
the old chapel, is used by the Sunday-
school, and is admirably fumlshed.
A mural tablet in it is inscribed :
"Woodside Chapel. Erected A. D.
1883, by Margaret E. Proudfit, James
A. Burden, I. Townsend Burden, in
memory of their children." Henry
Burden died January 19, 1871, and as
it was his intention to build a manse,
his surviving children erected one on
the west side of the church as a me-
morial to their father.

Pastors : Matthew B. Lowrie, called
July 8, installed October 30, 1868, to
December 26, 1870 ; Teunis S. Ham-
lin, installed September 28, 1871, to
September, 1884; Arthur Huntington
Allen, February 8, 1885, to present
time.

Oakwood Avenue Presbyterian
Church is on the northwest coiner
of Tenth and Hoosick Streets. A
number of the members of the First
Presbyterian Church organized the
Oakwood Avenue Sunday-school, on
March 18, 1866, occupying rooms of
a building on the west side of Tenth

249

Street, north of Hopsick Street; A.
H. Graves being superintendent.
Shortly afterward four lots were pur-
chased on the northwest comer of
Tenth and Hoosick streets and the
erection of the chapel was begun. On
January i, 1867, the 'Sunday-school
occupied it. The building was dedi-
cated July I, 1868. Seventeen mem^
bers and two elders were dismissed
from the First Presbyterian Church
that year to organize the Oakwood
Avenue Church.

Pastors : George Van Deurs, Janu-
ary. 1868 to 1872 ; C. S. Durfee, 1873
to 1874 ; George Van Deurs, 1876 to
1879; George D. Adams, 1881 ; W.
H. Sybrandt, 1882 to present time.

Ninth Presbyterian Church is
on the northwest comer of North
Second and Jay Streets. In 1846,
some of the members of the Second
Presbyterian Church organized a Sun-
day-school, held for a time in the
small wooden building known as the
Disciples* Church, on the west side of
North Second Street, between Jay and
Vanderheyden streets, and now the
dwelling house, No. 221. Afterward
the school met in a hall, in the rear
of a saloon, No. 45 Hoosick Street.
Later the school was discontinued for
the want of a suitable place in which
to hold its sessions. In 1856, the
Young Men's Christian Association
of Troy, organized a Sunday-school
in the Disciples' Church with twenty
scholars. This school was discon-
tinued in 1858. In 1859 another was
organized in a building, afterward
called the Rensselaer Street Mission
Chapel, on the north side of Rensse-
laer Street, near River Street. On
July I, 1866, the Sunday-school be-
came the charge of the Second Pres-
byterian Church. In the spring of
1868, the erection of the house of
worship, on the northwest corner of
North Second and Jay Streets, was
begun ; four adjacent lots there hav-

ing been purchased by the trustees of
the Second Presbyterian Church. The
comer-stone was laid July 21, that
year. The chapel was first occupied
by the Sunday-school on Sunday, De-
cember 20. that year. Religious
services on Sunday afternoons were
conducted in it by the Rev. William
Irvin. D. D.. pastor of the Second
Presbyterian Church, and other min-
isters until May, 1869, when the Rev.
Ninian B. Remick, a graduate of
Union Theological Seminary, was
placed in charge of the mission. On
September 30, that year, the Troy
Presbytery organized the Ninth Pres-
byterian Church of Trov, with sev-
enty-one members. The Rev. N. B.
Remick, having been regularly called
to the pastorate of the church, was
ordained and installed, October 28,
1869. The first trustees were elected
that day, and the church was incor-
porated May 3. 1870. The new chapel
west of the church was dedicated
April 19, 1883. The manse on the
north lot was built in 1883.

Pastor; Ninian B. Remick, 1869
to present time.

Westminster Presbyterian
Church, on the northwest corner of
First Street and Fifth Avenue, Lan-
singburgh. This church is the out-
growth of a mission Sunday-school
organized under the care of the Second
Street Presbyterian Church. A di-
lapidated school-house, on the north-
west corner of Vail Avenue and Tur-
ner's Lane (now Glen Avenue) was
on December, 1868, refitted for the
use of the Sunday-school organized the
first Sunday in January, 1869 ; Edgar
P. Schoonmaker being elected super-
intendent, and thirty scholars attend-
ing. The success of the school being
marked by a large and increasing
number of scholars, the members of
the Second Presbyterian Church de-
cided to erect a chapel on the second
lot north of the school-house lot.

ffi R V

#■"■

|prii||||| , ,|i' ' .■

251

The building was erected, and was
dedicated October 23, 1870. On Febru-
ary I, 1871, the Rev. James Marshall
took charge of the mission. In Septem-
ber following, thirty-nine persons con-
nected with the mission requested the
Presbytery of Troy to organize them
into a Presbyterian society. On No-
vember 2, the •' Westminster Pres-
byterian Church of Troy " was duly
organized with forty-two members.
In August, 1882, the weather-boarded
church was moved to its present site.
The building was then enlarged by
the addition of a Sunday-school
room. On September 23, 1882, the
first service was held in the building
after its removal. The church has a
membership of 248 persons.

Pastors : James Marshall, Novem-
ber a, 1 87 1 to March 1, 1872 ; Thomas
L. Sexton, May 9, 1872 to July, 1875 ;
Clarence Eddy, July i, 1875 to 1880 ;
George Fairlee, September 22, 1880,
to present time.

Mount Ida Presbyterian Me-
MORiAL Church is on the west side of
Pawling Avenue, and opposite Mount
Ida Cemetery. On the evening of
April 25, 1870, a Sunday-school, un-
der the auspices of the Park Presby-
terian Church, was organized in the
room occupied by the Mount Ida
Temperance Society, in the second
story of a weather-boarded building
on the southeast comer of Pawling
Avenue and Congress Street ; the
Rev. Abner DeWitt, pastor of the
Park Presbyterian Church, presiding.
At the first meeting of the Sunday-
school, on May i, in the room men-
tioned, there were five officers, eight
teachers, and thirty scholars present.
By the receipt, in 187 1, of $1,500,
given by the Second Presbyterian
Church of Troy to the memorial fund
raised to commemorate the re-union
in the Presbyterian Church in the
United States, the school being no

longer dependent upon the Park Pres^
byterian Church for support, the erec-
tion of the Memorial Chapel was be-
gun on the southwest comer of Paw-
ling and Elm avenues. In the fall of
that year, a number of Presbyterians
residing in the vicinity of the chapel
conferred with some of the members
of the Third Presbyterian Church at
Albia, which was then without a pas-
tor, and they collectively determined,
on December 12, to unite in calling a
pastor and in holding regular Sunday
services in the Memorial Chapel then
building. On January 7, 1872, the
Rev. Abner DeWitt, began his pas-
toral labors in the Third Presbyterian
Church, at Albia. The Memorial
Chapel, a weather-boarded building,
thirty-five by sixty-five feet, was ded-
icatecl March 14; the Sunday-school
having continued its meetings until
that time in the room of the Mount
Ida Temperance Society. The' Rev.
Abner DeWitt was installed June
20, 1872, in Memorial Chapel ; thirty-
eight members being received that
day by letter from other Presbyterian
churches. At the time of the union
in December, 1871, it was agreed that
whenever the members from Albia de-
sired to withdraw, they had that priv-
ilege. In October, 1877, they did
withdraw. The remaining members
then requested the Presbytery of Troy
to organize them as a new society by
the name of the Mount Ida Presbyte-
rian Memorial Church. Their peti-
tion was granted, and the church with
one hundred and forty-three members
was organized October 16, 1877. On
October 18, the Rev. George Edwin
McLean was installed pastor of th^
church. Memorial Chapel was de-
stroyed by fire on the night of Decem-
ber 3, 1877. The work of laying the
foundation of the present church, a
short distance south of the site of the
chapel, was begun the same month;
the society worshiping until June

252

1 6, 1878, in the Famam Institute,
when on that day the Sunday-school
rooms in the new building were first
used. The brick edifice, sixty by
eighty feet, was dedicated October 24,
1878. The organ, built by Hook &
Hastings, of Boston, was placed in
the church in March, 1879.

Pastors: Abner DeVVitt, January
7, 1872 to April 17, 1877, (day of his
death); George Edwin McLean, Sep-
tember, 1877 to i88a ; William Reed,
1882 to present, time.

United Presbyterian Church is
on the east side of Fifth Street,
between State Street and Broad-
way. A number of persons resid-
ing in Troy in 1832 desired the
Associate Presbytery of Albany to
appoint a minister to preach to
them. The Rev. Peter Bullions,
then a professor of languages in
the Albany Academy, in answer to
the request, came and preached on
September 23, 1832, in a school-house
on the east side of Fourth Street, be-
tween State and Congress streets. On
February 6, 1834, the society was or-
ganized in the building with sixteen
members. The first ruling elders
were Robert Cruikshank and William
Brinckerhoff. On May i, 1834, the
society rented a weather-boarded
t>uilding on the east side of First
Street, near Division Street, for its
use, and there partook of the sacra-
ment of the Lord's Supper as a con-
gregation for the first time. In 1836,
the society erected a brick church on
the east side of Seventh Street, be-
tween Broadway and State Street,
which was dedicated November 13,
1836. This building was burned in
the great fire of May 10, 1862, which
was then called the Scotch Presbyte
rian Church. Shortly afterward the
union of the Associate and the Asso-
ciate Reformed Presbyterian churches
was effected under the name of the
United Presbyterian Church. Imme-

diately after the fire, which destroyed
the Seventh Street church, the con-
gregation began the erection of the
present edifice, on the east side of
Fifth Street, between Broadway and
State Street. It was dedicated Feb-
ruary [5, 1863 ; the site and building
having cost $10,039.56.

Pastors: Peter Bullions, D. D.,
December 28, 1836 to 1852; 1853 to
February 13, 1864, (when he died) ;
H. P. McAdam, July 20, 1865 to Jan-
uary II, 1871 ; R. D. Williamson,
February 6, 1872, to present time.

Fresbsrterian Church Home,

No. 90 Fourth Street, east side, be-
tween State Street and Broadway,
established January 23, 1871.

Printers,—

Edward Green, book and job
printer. No 214 River Street. In
April, 1864, he and S. C. Wilson en-
gaged in the business under the name
of Wilson & Green, whom he suc-
ceeded in August, 1868.

T. J. Hurley, book and job
printer, Harmony Hall Building, sue
cessor to Hurley Brothers. Busi-
ness begun by Thomas and T. J. Hur-
ley in 1869.

Edward. H. Lisk, book and job
printer. No. 312 River Street. Bu-
ness begun by Lisk & Bartium, Feb-
ruary 10, 1880.

Henry Stowell. printer. No. 5
Cannon Place, began business in 187 1.

Produce Merchants, Whole-
sale.—

Truman E. Ingalls, wholesale
flour and produce merchant. No. 339
River street, successor to Hanaman &
Ingalls. Established in 187 1.

William F. Stansfield, successor
to F. A. Fales, wholesale provision

258

and produce commission merchant, Premibr Lodge, No. 20, insti-
also pork packer. No. 147 River street, tuted August 11, 1869, meets on
Established 1849. Thursday evenings.

Protestant Episcopal Church
Home is on the northeast comer of
Seventh Street and Broadway. The
institution was first established under
the name of the House of Mercy by
the Brotherhood of St. Barnabas, in
November, 1854. It was first located
at No. 5 Harrison Place ; aAerward
on the south side of Federal Street,
between Sixth and Eighth streets.
The building was burned in the fire
May 10, 1862. By the act passed,
April 17, 1863, it was incorporated
*• The Church Home of the city of
Troy," with a board of fifteen trus-
tees. The present two-story, brick
building was erected in 1873. The
site, building, and furniture cost
about $30,000. The chapel, on the
north side of the house, was erected,
in 1880, by the children of Mrs. Jacob
I^ne, to her memory. Clarence B.
Cutler, architect.

Public Building, Troy.-On
February 5, 1885, the Troy Public
Building bill passed the House of
Representatives, appropriating $200,-
000 for the purchase of a site and the
erection of a building on it for the use
of the United States government in
the city. The commission tppointed
by the Secretary of the Treasury to
select a suitable site for the building
obtained in the summer of 1886 the
Gross, Hall, and Griffith properties,
151 by 132 feet, at the northeast cor-
ner of Fourth Street and Broadway,
for $99,000.

Pythias, Knights of, meet in
Pythian Castle, in Mutual National
Bank Building, northeast comer of
First and State streets.

GUTTENBERG LODGE, NO.

meets on Friday evenings.

1 12,

Bailroads. — Four railroads con-
nect Troy with other places. The
one first built was the

Rensselaer and Saratoga Rail-
road, extending twenty-four miles to
Ballston. now leased to the Delaware
and Hudson Canal Company. The
Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad
Company was incorporated by the act
passed April 14, 1832. In 1833,
the construction of its road was
begun. The terminus of the road
in Troy was in the yard on the
south side of the two-story, brick
building, standing in 1835 on the
north half of the plat on which
is the Troy Young Men's Associa-
tion Building. Until 1853, the cars
were drawn by horses from Green
Island across the bridge and through
River Street to the office of the com-
pany, in the building, No. 10 First
Street. (See Rensselaer and Sar-
atoga Railroad Bridge.) The
road was constructed to prevent the
trade of Northern New York being
diverted to Albany via the Schenec-
tady and Saratoga and the Mohawk
and Hudson railroads. The road
was opened from Waterford to Ball-
ston, August 10, 1835. On Tuesday,
October 6, 1835, the first passenger
train crossed the bridge to I'roy. On
October 12, that year, the company
made the following announcement:
** Passengers will leave Troy every
morning for the Burrough [Mechanic-
ville] in the Ballston and Saratoga
train of rail road cars, precisely at 10
o'clock, and from thence to Whitehall
in coaches and the splendid new
packet. Red Bird. * * ♦

254

" Cars will remain opposite the
office and at the east end of the bridge
every morning from sunrise to 9
o'clock to take freight for the Bur-
rough, Ballston, and Saratoga.'*

I'he passenger cars were not much
larger than those on the street
railways. The doors opened on the
sides and the tickets were collected
by the conductors standing on the
foot-boards along the sides of the cars.
At different points on the track along
River Street cars were left standing to
be conveniently entered by persons
stopping over-night at the hotels.

The refusal of the Schenectady
and Saratoga Railroad Company to
allow the Rensselaer and Sar-
atoga Railroad Company to carry
freight over the road of the former,
from Ballston to Saratoga, caused a
number of Troy capitalists to pur-
chase the larger part of the stock of
the disobliging company to get con-
trol of its road. Having obtained
the stock, the enterprising directors
for a time embargoed Albany's goods
from being carried over the road.

Schenectady and Troy Rail-
road. Troy's competitive spirit was
in bonds until the city had a railroad
connecting it with those in the west-
em part of the state. The Schenec-
tady and Troy Railroad Company
was incorporated by the act, passed
May 21, 1836. The construction of the
road to Schenectady, 21^ miles long,
was begun in 1840. From Green
Island to the higher ground toward
Cohoes, the track was laid on trestle
work. Some years later the present
high embankment was made. Trains
began running on the road in No-
vember, 1842.

Troy and Greenbush Railroad.
An act was passed by the legislature
April 17, 1832, to incorporate the
New York and Albany Railroad Com-
pany. The company was permitted

to build a railroad from the junction
of Fourth Avenue, in New York City,
and the Harlem River, to a point op-
posite or near the city of Albany, "with
power to continue and extend the
same to the city of Troy." The con-
struction of the road from New York to
Greenbush was delayed for a number
of years. Under the act, however, a
track was laid from Greenbu.sh to
Troy in 1840-41. The use of it was
not permitted by law until 1845. On
May II, that year, the act to incor-
porate the Troy and Greenbush Rail-
road Company was passed. On June
12, the first trains began running on
the road. As provided by the char-
ter, the road extended from Washing-
ton Street, where it intersected the
track of the Schenectady and Troy
Railroad, laid on River Street, to the
town of Greenbush, where it con-
nected with the track of the Albany
and West Stockbridge Railroad. The
trains were drawn by horses through
River Street to the depot, on the site
of the Manufacturers' National Bank
Building, at the intersection of River
and King Streets.

Troy and Boston Railroad.
The first project to connect the two
cities commercially was that of a canal,
suggested, in 18 19, by Lacomi Bald-
win, an eminent engineer. In 1826,
a commission reported favorably to
the Massachusetts legislature respect-
ing the construction of a canal be-
tween the two places. The building
of railroads in the United States hav-
ing begun, the feasibility of construct-
ing a road to Troy from Greenfield,
Mass., running through the Hoosac
mountain, was discussed. The cost
of constructing forty-five miles of the
road, extending from Greenfield north-
westward to the south boundary line
of Vermont and including the tunnel-
ing of the mountain, was estimated at
$3»500|000« Previous to the charter-
ing of the Troy and Boston Railroad

d56

Company, April 4, 1848, a committee
of Troy capitalist employed a corps
of en^^ineers under the direction of A.
F. Edwards to make a preliminary
survey of a route from Troy to the
Vermont line. In May, 1849, sub-
scriptions to the capital slock of the
company began to be received. On
November 20, that year, John E.
Wool, George M. Tibbits. D. Thomas
Vail. Daniel Robinson, Charles H.
Merritt, Jonas C. Heartt, Elias John-
son, £. Thompson Gale, I^aac B.
Hart, and Stephen E Warren of
Troy, Amos Briggs of Schaghticoke,

D. S. McNamara of North Hoosick,
and L. Chandler Ball of Hoosick
Falls were elected directors of the
company.

On Thursday morning, June 6,
1850, a large procession, civic and
military, marched from the court-
house to a held of the Bull's Head
farm, north of the city, where, after
the delivery of addresses by a number
of prominent citizens. General John

E. Wool with a pick broke the ground,
Day O. Kellogg, mayor of the city,
shoveled the loosened earth into a
wheelbarrow, and Amos Briggs. the
president of the company, wheeled it
away. After these formalities of be-
ginning the construction of the road
from Troy, and the return of the pro-
cession to the city, the officers of the
company with more than a hundred
guests partook of a dinner at the Troy
House.

At that time it was thought that
the tunneling of the Hoosac moun-
tain would be completed before the
railroad from Troy. The project of
tunneling through the mountain was
deemed by many an undertaking that
would never be accomplished, and it
was remarked by a prominent news-
paper that ** nobody but the Trojans
would think of such an exploit." The
road of the Troy and Rutland Rail-
road Company, formed March6, 1851,

extending from the junction at Eagle
Bridge to Salem, leased to the Rut^
land and Washington (Vt.) Railroad
Company, was opened June 28, 1852.
and on the evening of that day the
first passenger train arrived in Troy
on the Troy and Boston Railroad from
its junction at Eagle Bridge. The
road between Troy and Hoosick Falls
was opened in August, 1853. On
February 9, 1875, the first train of
cars passed through the Hoosac Tun-
nel. Length of tunnel 4I miles. The
first passenger train from Boston, via
the Fitchburg Railroad, arrived in
Troy on October 13. 1875. The first
through train from the city, left Troy,
July 17, 1876, at 7 A, M., and arrived
in Boston at 2:30 p. M. Length of
Troy and Boston Railroad, from
Troy to North Adams, Mass., 48
miles. Distance by rail from Troy to
Boston, 191 miles.

The Troy and Bennington Railroad
Company was formed. May 15, 185 1.
The construction of the road from
Hoosac Junction to Bennington, Vt.,
was begun in June, that year. The
road was opened, August i, 1852. It
is leased by the Troy and Boston Rail-
road Company.

Troy Union Railroad. — The in-
convenience attending the running
of the freight and passenger cars of
the different railroad companies on
River Street, especially in the use of
horses for drawing the cars from one
point to another on that narrow thor-
oughfare, suggested the erection of a
depot for the common use of the com-
panies. The office of the Rensselaer
and Saratoga Railroad Company was in
the building No. 10 First Street, and
the offices of the other companies
were in the building No. 199 River
Street, where also the Troy and New
York Steamboat Association had its
offices. (See Steamboats.)

By the act, passed June 20, 1851,
the city and the several railroad com-

257

panies were authorized to build a de-
pot and to lay tracks to it throuf^h the
city. Under the act, the Troy Union
Railroad Company was formed, July
21, 1851. In January, 1853, the
company purchased the Eaton & Gil-
bert property on Sixth Street, between
Fulton Street and Broadway. On
December 3, 1852, by an agreement
with the city, the company was per-
mitted to taJce ground on each side of
Sixth Street for a passenger house,
and to change the course of Sixth
Street at that point to permit access
to '*the passenger house*' on the sides
of the building. The erection of the
depot was begun and completed in
1853 New tracks were laid to the
building from the south part of the
city ; the water of the stream flowing
to the Poesten Kill along the line of
Sixth Street having been diverted to
other channels. Other tracks were
laid to the Rensselaer and Saratoga
Railroad Bridge. The tracks on
River Street were removed, the Rens-
selaer and Saratoga Railroad Bridge
was widened, and trains arrived and
departed from the depot drawn by lo-
comotives. The Union depot and
railroad were formally opened on Feb-
ruary 22, 1854. The depot was burn-
ed in the great fire of May 10, 1862,
and the present one erected immedi-
ately thereafter.

Hallways.— (See Street Rail-
ways.)

Band's Opera House. — Al-
though Rand's Halt, on the northwest
comer of Third and Congress streets,
had been used for a score of years as
a concert room, a lecture hall, and a
place of exhibitions, it was not until
1872 that it was enlarged and fitted
for dramatic representations. On
Monday evening, November 11, that
year, it was formally opened with read-

ings by Mrs. Scott Siddons. The
house seats about 1450 people. Its
stage is sixty-three feet wide and forty
deep. The building is the property
of Gardner Rand.

Rangers, Independent Order

of.—

Camp Columbia, No. 9, (German),
meets on every fourth Sunday in each
month in Pythian Castle.

Camp John A. Griswold.

Camp Henry Burden No. i, meets
on the first and fourth Tuesday even-
ings in each month in Mechanics*
Hall. Mill Street.

Rechabites.—

Troy Tent, No. 30, meets on the
second and fourth Thursday evenings
in each month at No. 269 River Street.

Rensselaer County, named in

honor of the Van Rensselaer family,
was erected from a part of Albany
County, by the act of legislature,
passed February 7, 1791. It is
bounded on the east by the states of
Massachusetts and Vermont, on the
north by Washington County, on the
south by Columbia County, and on
the west by the Hudson River, and
includes the islands nearest the east
bank of the stream. Its greatest
length is thirty miles and its greatest
breadth twenty-two miles. It has an
area of 631 square miles, and lies be-
tween 42*27' and 42® 55' north lati-
tude and between 3° 10' and 3® 41 '
east longitude. The county embraces
seventeen towns. Population in 1880,
1 1 5,340. (See towns of Berlin, Bruns-
wick, East Greenbush, Grafton,
Greenbush, Hoosick, Lansing-
burgh, Nassau, North Greenbush,
Petersburgh, Pittstown, Poes-
tenkill, Sandlake, Schaghti-

COKE, SCHODACK, StEPHENTOWN,

Troy.)

259

Bensselaer Union Club, or.

ganized October 5, 1880. Club Build-
ing, No. 14 First Street. Gilbert
Robertson, jr.. president ; Elias P.
Mann, treasurer; George P. Daw,
secretary.

Boofing.—

PoMEROY & Co., patent asphalt
and gravel roofing, Union Street, be-
tween State and Congress streets.

Williams & Manogue, (R. J. Wil-
liams and E. Manogue), roofing con-
tractors and dealers in iron, tin, tile
and rubber roofing materials. Slate
roofing a specialty. Office, No. 279
River Street. Established, August,
1885.

Boman Catholic Chnrches.—
There are eight Roman Catholic
churches in the city, if St. Michael's
be included.

St. Peter's Church is on the
northeast comer of North Second and
Hntton streets. A number of Roman
Catholics, worshiping in the school-
house on the southeast comer of Sec-
ond and Ferry streets, was organized
into a congregation in 1825, and took
the name of St. Peter's Roman Cath-
olic Church of Troy. Before the de-
molition of the court-house, in 1827,
the congregation frequently worshiped
in it. Having been instmcted to ob-
tain a site for a church, the trastees,
on or about October 28, 1826, pur-
chased lot 214, on the northeast cor-
ner of North Second and Hutton
streets. As provided in the convey-
ance, the plat was ** for the use and
purpose of having a meeting-house
built and forever continued thereupon,
for the purpose of religious public
worship," and ** also that a clock and
bell should, within a reasonable time
after the building of the first meeting-
house, be placed, put and continued

thereon," and in case these conditions
were not fulfilled, the property was
to revert to the grantors. On Feb-
ruary 19, 1827, at a meeting held in
the court-house, trustees were elected
and the church was incorporated ac-
cording to the laws of the state of
New York. On the erection of the
church, a frame building, in 1829, it was
dedicated, in 1830, by the Right Rev.
John Du Bois, Bishop of New York.
Some years later, a brick addition was
built to it, increasing the length of the
church to eighty feet. About noon,
on Febraary 10, 1848, the building
was destroyed by fire. • The attractive
brick stmcture, with its finely pro-
portioned clock-tower and steeple,
now occupying its site, was dedicated
December 16, 1849; the Right Rev.
John McCloskey, Bishop of Albany,
preaching the dedicatory sermon.

Pastors : P. McGilligan, 1825 to
1827 ; John Shanahan, 1827 to
1842 ; Peter Havermans, June 3,
1842, to 1845 ; Francis Donohue,
1845 ; Philip O'Reiley, 1847 to 1849;
John Curry, 1849 to 1851 ; Michael
McDonnell, 185 1 to 1855 ; Thomas
Daley, 1855 to 1858; Clarence A.
Walworth. 1858 to 1861 ; James
Keveny, 1861 to 1880; Patrick A.
Ludden, May, 1880 to present time.

St. Mary's Church is on the
northeast corner of Third and Wash-
ington streets. While pastor of St.
Peter's Church, the Rev. Father Hav-
ermans, perceiving the advantages of
a church in the south part of the city,
and having received the sanction of
the Right Rev. Bishop Hughes to
build one in the name of the trustees
of St. Peter's Church, he instructed
them to purchase the lot, 50 by
129 feet, on the northeast corner of
Third and Washington streets, which
they did. May 27, 1843. The erection
of the church was at once begun. The
church, however, was erected with
money collected by the Rev. Peter

ST. MARY S CHURCH.

riMi

261

Havermans, and became the property
of the trustees of St. Mary's Church.
On June 29, that year, the comer-stone
was laid by the Very Rev. John Pow-
ers, the vicar-general of New York ;
the bishop being in Europe. On Sun-
day, August 15, 1844, the church was
dedicated by the Very Rev. John Pow-
ers. The organ, built by Henry Erben
of New York, cost $2,200. The
clock was made by Phelps & Gurley,

At the beginning of the late civil
war, the Rev. Father Havermans was
the second Roman Catholic minister in
the United States to place the Stars
and Stripes above his church and to
keep them floating there until the end
of the rebellion. The Rev. Peter Hav-
ermans' pastorate of St. Mary's
Church has been the longest of any
minister of a church in Troy. When
he came to the United States, in 1830,
there were about 200 priests in the
country; now there are 7.796. In
1830, there were only 21 in the state
of New York.

Pastor: Peter Havermans, 1843 to
present time.

St. Joseph's Church is on the
north side of Jackson Street, between
Third and Fourth streets. The Rev.
Peter Havermans, of St. Mary's
Church, seeing the importance of
taking advantage of the growth of the
city between the Poesten and Wynants
kiUs, and having the consent of the
Right Rev. Bishop Hughes, purchased,
in the spring of 1847, a site for a church
on the north side of Jackson Street,
and began the erection of the build-
ing; the excavation for the foundation
of which was made by a body of
men from the Nail Works. The cor-
ner-stone was laid May 21, 1847 ; the
Right Revs. Bishops Hughes and Mc-
Closkey officiating. In 1 848, the church
was purchased by the Society of Jesus,
for $6,000. On November 6, 1853,
the building was dedicated ; the Right
Rev. Bishop McCloskey officiating.

Pastors: Peter Verheyden, 1848 to
1852 ; Aug. Thebaud, 1852 to i860 ;
Joseph Loyzance, i860 to 1863 ; Aug.
Thebaud, 1863 to 1868 ; M. DriscoU,
1868 to 1876; Joseph Loyzance, 1876
to present time.

Church of St. John, the Bap-
tist, (French), is on the east side of
Second Street, between Adams and
Jefferson streets. The congregation
was organized in 1850. In 1852, the
Universalist church, on the east side
of Ferry Street, east side of the alley,
between First and Second streets, was
purchased for its use, and dedicated
September 8, that year. On Monday
morning, December 18, 1854, about i
o'clock, the building was burned.
The congregation for a time worship-
ed at St. Joseph's Church. On
March 10, 1867, the church was incor-
porated according to the laws of the
state by the election of trustees.
The site of the church on Second
Street was purchased, and the comer-
stone of the building was laid July
19, 1868. On October 24, 1869, the
church was dedicated.

Pastors: Magloire F. Turcotte,
1852 to 1855 ; George J. Brown, 1869
to 1875 ; G. Huberdault, 1876 to
1880 ; R. J. Coste, 1881 to 1883 ; Jo-
seph Charette, 1883 to present time.

St. Francis' Church is on the
south side of Congress Street, Ida
Hill, opposite Thirteenth Street. The
congregation was organized in 1861,
and took the name of Holy Trinity
Church. A brick church was erected
on the west side of Fifteenth Street,
between Christie and Marshall streets,
and dedicated in June, 1863, under
the name of St. Francis' Church.
The present edifice was erected in
1881-82, and opened for services on
Sunday, April 9, 1882.

Pastors : Peter Havermans, 1861 to
1866; Henry Herfkens, 1867 to 1872;
F. Francis, 1873 to 1875 ; William J.

262

Burke, 1875 to 1876 ; W. A. Drum,
1877 to 1882 ; Charles A. Reilly,
1883 to present time.

St. Laurence's Church, (Ger-
man), is on the east side of Third
Street, near Jefferson Street. The
first German Roman Catholic congre-
gation in Troy was organized in i860,
and worshiped about two years in St.
Mary's Hall; the Rev. Gus. Miet-
tinger, pastor. In 1868, St. Lau-
rence's congregation was formed in
Lutzelberger's Hall, No. 197 River
Street, where the members worshiped
about one year. Subsequently ser-
vices were held in the church of St.
John, the Baptist, until the church on
the southeast comer of Third and
Jefferson streets was built ; the corner-
stone of which was laid September 5,
1870. The corner-stone of the yes-
ent, large, brick edifice, immediately
south of the first church, was laid
May 20, 1883.

Pastors: P. S. Puissant. 1868 to
1869 : Father Drolshagen, 1869 ; Nor
bert StoUer, 1870 ; Henry C. Lipow-
sky, 1870 ; P. A. Puissant, 1871 ; Jos-
eph Ottenhues, 1871 to 1879 ; Bernard
Schoppe, June i, 1879 to present
time.

St. Patrick's Church is on the
east side of Vail Avenue, between
Canal and Douw streets. In 1871,
the ecclesiastical authorities erected
the parish of St Patrick, which in-
cluded the territory of the city north
of Rensselaer Street. The Rev.
Father John Joseph Swift, who in
1865, '66, and '67 had been assistant
pastor at St. Peter's Church, and sub-
sequently pastor of Waddington and
outlying missions in St. Lawrence
County, was given the pastorate of the
new parish. On the plat of ground,
extending from River Street to Vail
Avenue, a church, 50 by 100 feet, a
frame building, fronting on Vail Ave-
nue, was erected in 1872. On the

first Sunday in September, that year,
mass was celebrated for the 6rst time
in it. The parsonage on River Street,
west of the church, is a two-story,
brick building.

Pastor: John Joseph Swift, 1871 to
present time.

St. Michael's Church is on the
southeast comer of Stow Avenue
and Willow Street, in the town of
North Greenbush, immediately sooth
of the city limits. The congregation
was organized by the Society of Jesus
in 1872. The church was dedicated
March 15, 1874.

Pastors: Michael Driscoll, S. J.,
1872-76; John Fitzpatrick, assistant,
1876 to 1878 ; Michael Flynn, assist-
ant, 1878 to 1879; Francis Marechal,
assistant, 1880 to 1881 ; Peter Coon-
ey, assistant, 1882; P. McQuaid, 1883
to 1884 ; Michael Nash, 1885 to pres-
ent time.

Round Lake» an attractive sum-
mer resort and camp-meeting ground,
is nineteen miles north of Troy on
the Rensselaer & Saratoga Railroad.
On April i, 1868, Joseph Hillman and
other prominent members of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, in Rensse-
laer, Saratoga, and Albany counties,
purchased forty acres of land there
for a camp-meeting ground. The
picturesque body ot placid water on
the eastern bounds of the property
was named Round Lake. It has a
circumference of three miles. The
act incorporating the Round Lake
Camp Meeting Association was passed
May 5, 1868. The first camp-meet-
ing at Round Lake was held from
September i to 10, tbat year; the Rev.
Jesse T. Peck, D. D., preaching the
first sermon. The property now com-
prises about 200 acres of land. A
large auditorium, more than two hun-
dred and fifty pretty cottages, a com-
modious hotel, the lake, fountains

and parterres of flowers make the
embowered retreat in the extensive
wood one of no ordinary attractive-
ness. The first number of the Round
Lake Journal was published Septem-
ber 3. 1868.

Bubber Goods.—

Daniel Klock, jr., wholesale and
retail dealer in rubber goods, boots
and shoes ; retail store, No. 10 Broad-
way ; wholesale. No. 227 River
Street, The success attending his
embarkation in business discloses the
fact that a merchant's career marked
by enterprise, thrift, and honorable
dealing gives him a prominent posi-
tion among his contemporaries and
competitors. An humble beginning
and a 6nal greatness in any undertak-
ing bespeak the labor, self-denial, and
attainments of the person or persons
effecting the transition from the one
to the other. The business in which
Daniel Klock, jr., became engaged in
1865, had been established in Troy in
i860, by Henry Mayell, at No. 190
River Street Frederick A. Plum
succeeded to the business in 1861,
from whom, five years later, Daniel
Klock, jr., purchased it. In 1868, he
moved to No. 11 Mansion House
Block, whence, in 1879, he moved to
No. 10 Broadway. In 1881, his
largely increaied business caused him
to occupy the building. No. 273 River
Street, with his wholesale department,
from which he moved it, in the follow-
ing year, to No. 227 River Street.
His large and complete stock of rub-
ber goods includes belting, hose,
steam.packing, cloth, clothing, drug-
gists' articles, and toys. As a whole-
sale dealer in rubber boots and shoes,
he constantly keeps in stock every
description of these goods. The ter-
ritory of his sales extends through the
states of New York, Massachusetts,
Vermont, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.

Sandlake, a town in Rensselaer
County, was erected by the act passed
June 19, 1812. There are a number
of small lakes in the town.

Averill, commonly known as a part
of the village of Sandlake, was made
a post-office by that name in 1880.
It is the seat of a number of mills and
factories. Sliter's Comers, a local
name for the eastern part of the vil-
lage of Sandlake, has been the loca-
tion of the post-office since 181 5.
Glass House, early known as Rensse -
laer Village, is a short distance south
of Sliter's Comers. It is on the bor-
der of Glass Lake, where the Rensse-
laer Glass Factory was built_]about the
year 1806. West Sandlake is a vil-
lage in the western part of the town.
In 1828, when the 4)ost-office was es-
tablished there, Martin Rysedorph,
postmaster, it was called Ulinesville.
South Sandlake is in the southwestern
part of the town. A post-office was
established there about 1852.

Population of the town of Sand-
lake: 1815, 3,293 ; 1820, 3,302 ; 1825,
3,426; 1830, 3.656; 1835, 3.840;
1840, 4.303 ; 1845, 4.291 ; 1850, 2,559 ;
1855, 2,588 ; i860, 2,502 ; 1865. 2,606 ;
1870, 2,633 ; 1875, 2,572 ; 1880, 2,550.

Sash and Blind Manufacto-
ries.—

Thomas Collins, manufacturer of
sashes, doors, frames, mouldings, new-
el posts, rails and balusters. Office,
No. 555 Congress Street ; manufacto-
ry, northwest corner of Francis and
Highland avenues.

Cunningham, Young & Co., (Al-
exander G. Cunningham, J. L. and J.
T. Young, and James R. Walsh),
sash, door and blind manufacturers,
and dealers in builders* supplies. No.
145 River Street. Manufactory on
Hill Street. Firm formed in April,
1886.

264

Schaghticoke* one of the towns
of Rensselaer County, was erected
by the act of March 7, 1788, for di-
viding the counties of the state of
New York into towns. By the charter
granted by the English governor,
Thomas Dongan, July 22, 1686, the
city of Albany was permitted to pur-
chase five hundred acres of land at
"Schaihtecogue" from the Indians. In
1708, the land having been parcha<;ed,
a number of plantations were leased to
settlers. Johannes Knickerbacker
settled there in the early part of the
eighteenth century. Near the old
homestead of the Knickerbacker
family, five miles we it of Schaghti-
coke, is the famous tree of peace of
the Indians, twenty-two feet in cir-
cumference around the trunk, planted
more than two hundred years ago.

Schaghticoke village, early known
as Schaghticoke Point, was incorpo-
rated by the name of Harts* Falls,
March 20, 1867. It is a station on
the Boston, Hoosac Tunnel and West-
ern Railroad. A shoit distance east
of the place is the Schaghticoke sta-
tion of the Troy and Boston Railroad.
The place is the seat of a number of
large manufactories. Population in
in 1880, 3,591. The mills of the
Schaghticoke Powder Company are
about a half mile southeast of the
village. Schaghticoke Hill is the
name of a small village on the Tom-
hannock Creek.

Melrose, on the Troy and Boston
Railroad, is nine miles from Troy.

Population of the town of Schaghti-
coke: 1790,1,833; 1800,2,355; 1810,
2,492; 1815,2,847; 1820,2,522; 1825,
2,924; 1830,3.002; 1835,3,243; 1840,
3,389; 1845,3,091; 1850,3,200; .1855,
3,303; 1860,2,929; 1865,3,054; 1870,
3,T25; 1875,3.271; 1880, 3,610.

Schodack, one of the towns of
Rensselaer County, was erected by the
act passed March 17, I795-

The village of Castleton, eight miles
south of Greenbush, is a station on the
Hudson River Railroad. It was in-
corporated in 1827. Population in
1880, 912. The National Bank of
Castleton was organized January 25,
1865, with a capital of |ioo,ooo.
Schodack Landing is 3i miles south
of Castleton. Population, about 350.
Schodack Depot and South Schodack
are stations on the Boston and Albany
Railroad. East Schodack, Schodack
Center, and Muitzeskill are small vil-
lages.

Population of the town of Scho-
dack: 1800. 3,688 ; 1810, 3,166; 1815,
3,128; 1820. 3.493; 1825,3,506; 1830,
3.794; 1835,3,793; 1840. 4.125 ;t845.
3,746; 1850,3.509; 1855. 3,837; i860,
3,993 ; 1865. 4.015 ; 1870, 4.442 ; 1875.
4,454; 1880,4.319.

Schools, Public— The first
school-house erected on the site of
Troy was a small, weather-boarded
building, known as the Red School-
house, standing, in 1791, near the
north end of the plat of ground be-
tween Congress, Ferr/, Second and
Third streets. In the latter part of
May, 1796, the trustees of the vil-
lage advertised for **a schoolmaster
capable of teaching all parts of an
English education."

At a meeting held on Monday, Feb-
ruary 5, 1816, at Piatt Titus' inn, (the
Troy House), the village trustees re-
solved to call a public meeting of the
freeholders and inhabitants at the
court-house, on the following Thurs-
day, to select a site for a school-
house, in which to instruct children
according to the system projected by
the distinguished Quaker, Joseph Lan-
caster, of England. The committee
selected the plat of ground on which
the Troy Academy is built, on the
northwest corner of State and Seventh
streets. In April, the erection of the
building was begun. By the act in-

265

corporating the city, April 12, 1816,
trustees, not exceeding thirteen, were
intrusted with the management of the
, Lancasterian school. It was provided
in the same act that at the annual
election of municipal officers one
commissioner of schools should be
elected in each of the wards of the
city, and three inspectors of schools
in the fifth and sixth wards. The
Lancasterian school was opened on
Monday, September 16, 18 16. The
terms of admission, as published, were
* * regulated by reference to the assess-
ment list for collection of taxes. The
highest price of tuition being two dol-
lars a quarter, and the lowest twenty-
five cents." These charges included
books, stationery, and fuel, furnished
by the trustees. The number of
scholars attending the school during
the first quarter was 315. In iSig,
the school- house was burned. It was
rebuilt.

In 1820, there was a school in the
city exclusively for the education of
children of persons of African de-
scent

In 1828, a monitorial school was
opened in the upper-room of the Lan-
casterian school-house. During the
summer of that year, a two-story, brick
building for an infant-school was
erected on the Lancasterian school-
house lot, at the northeast corner of
Sixth and State streets. (See Troy
Academy.) In 1843 the Infant
School-house and site were given to
the Rensselaer Institute by the city^
(See Rensselaer Polytechnic In-
stitute.)

The act to amend the charter of
the city, and to provide for the estab-
lishment of free schools in Troy, was
passed April 4, 1849. In 1850, in
the different wards, there were twelve
public schools, which, in 1851, were
attended by 2,495 scholars.

On January 28, 1851, the committee,
John S. Perry, George M. Tibbits,

and William H. Young, to which the
project of establishing a high school
was referred by the board of educa-
tion, reported that it was deemed in-
expedient **to hasten this work any
faster than the board could carry with
it an enlightened public opinion.*'
On November 29, 1853, the commit-
tee to which the plan for the organiza-
tion of a high school was referred by
the board of education, recommended
the opening of one on the first Mon-
day in January, 1854. On that day,
the High School began its first term
with forty-seven scholars, in the room
on the second story of the free school
building, on the east side of Sixth
Street, between State Street and
Broadway ; DeWitt C. Cram, prin-
cipal. After the building was burn-
ed in the fire of May jo, 1862, the
High-School Building, on the west
side of Fifth Street, between State
Street and Broadway, was erected.

The public schools of the city are
now under the control of twelve
school-commissioners, who constitute
the board of school commissioners
under the act, passed March 25, 1873.
The superintendent, elected by the
commissioners, has charge of all the
public schools, buildings, furniture,
and apparatus.

In the last decade of years the net
enrollment of children annually at-
tending the public-schools in the city
has been the following : 1876, 7,907 ;
1877, 7.979 ; 1878, 8,269 ; 1879, 8,905;
1880. 8,738 ; 1881, 8,342 ; 1882, 8,253;
1883,8,298; 1884,7,914; 1885,8,038.
In 1885, there were 165 teachers em-
ployed in the schools, including a
vocal-music teacher and a teacher of
drawing:.

In 1884, the schools in the different
wards were designated by the follow-
ing numbers: thirteenth ward school.
No. I ; tenth ward school No. 2,
No. 2 ; tenth ward school No. i. No.
3 ; seventh ward school. No. 4 ;

nett, $1,000; L. A. Battershall, |i,ooo;
David Cowee, 1 1,000 ; W. L. Van
Alstyne, $1,000; Peck & Hillman,
$1,000 ; and G. Howland, $500. The
pTOposad not meeting with any satis-
factory acceptance, the university, with
thiity-nine acres of land surrounding
it was sold for $60,000, on December
6, to the Rev. Peter Havermans of
St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church,
agent for Archbishop Hughes, of New
York.

The building is four stories high,
259 feet long, and on an average 48
feet deep, erected at a cost of $197,000.
Archbishop Hughes intended to
make it the provincial seminary of
the state of New York, and to
place it under the management of
the Sulpitians of Montreal. The
latter it appears were unwilling to ac-
cede to the overtures of the arch-
bishop, and the institution was, in
1864, placed in charge of a faculty
consisting of a president and five pro-
fessors, three from the University of
Lou vain and two from New York.
In October, the institution was opened
with about sixty students. On De-
cember I, 1864. Archbishop McClos-
key, assisted by the suffragan bishops
of Albany, Burlington, Hartford, Bos-
ton, and Portland, consecrated the
building and placed it under the pro-
tection of St. Joseph ; the institution
taking the name of St. Joseph's Pro-
vincial Seminary. About one hundred
and twenty-five students yearly attend
the course of instruction in the semi-
nary, from which about four hundred
and seventy ordained priests have been
graduated since 1864. The full course
covers a period of five years, one of
which is devoted to philosophy and a
general preparation for theological
studies, and the other years to the
study of theology and the kindred
branches of ecclesiastical knowledge.
The vacations extend from the last
Thursday in June to the first Tuesday

in September ; and from the ban-
ning of February to the middle of the
month. The first president of the semi-
nary was the Very Rev. Canon Van
den Hende, who, in 1871, returned to
Belgium. He was succeeded by the
Very Rev. Henry Gabriels, D. D.,
who, previous to 1871, had filled the
chair of dogmatic theology.

Troy Female Seminary, on the
west side of Second Street, between
Congress and Ferry streets. Mrs.
Emma Willard, the wife of Dr. John
Willard, while principal of a girls'
school at Middlebuty, Vermont, es-
tablished by her in 18 14, deeming
that an institution for the higher edu-
cation of young women was greatly
needed in the United States, projected
a plan for the incorporation and en-
dowment of a seminary in which g^rls
might receive instruction in the same
branches of knowledge as young men
in colleges. Desiring to establish
one at some suitable place in the state
of New York, she addressed a letter
to Governor DeWitt Clinton, at
Albany, expressing her views, and at
the same time transmitted a manu-
script to him in which the proposed
measures to be taken for the accom-
plishment of the undertaking were
represented. In his reply of Decem-
ber 31, 1818, Governor Clinton wrote
that he would be pleased to see her
the principal of such an institution,
and expressed his willingness to aid
her. Expecting that the legislature
of the state of New York would fur-
ther her project by passing an act to
incorporate and endow an institution
as described by her, she, in the spring
of 18 19, moved to Waterford, where
she opened a girls' .<ichool. A num-
ber of prominent citizens of Troy
becoming interested in her purpose,
began to take steps to have such a
seminary established in this city of
which she was to be given the prin-

270

cipalship. On March 6, 1821, they
induced the common council to pass a
resolution to raise $4,000 by tax upon
the freeholders of the first four wards
of the city, ** for the purpose of pur-
chasing or erecting a suitable building
for a Female Academy ;*' the citizens
agreeing: to advance $5,000 for the
same purpose. On April 14, 1 821,
the city purchased for $1,700, parts
of lots 114 and 115, each fronting on
Second Street 50 feet ; lot 115 having
a depth of 102 feet 6 inches, and the
one-half of lot 114 having the same
depth, the other half, a depth of 130
feet to the alley west of it. In May,
1821, Mrs. Willard became principal
of the Troy Female Seminary, using
the lecture-room of the Troy Lyceum
of Natural History, in the court-house,
for a recitation-room, and the apart-
ments of two dwellings near the
court-house for study and lodging-
rooms for the boarding scholars.
Meanwhile the wooden building,
known as Moulton's Coffee-House,
50 by 60 feet, three stories high,
standing on the plat of ground on the
west side of Second Street, between
Congress and Ferry streets, purchased
by the city, was stripped of its weath-
er-boarding and the frame incased
with brick ; the interior being recon-
structed with rooms and halls accord-
ing to the plans furnished by Mrs.
Willard. On August 2, that year, the
common council appointed David
Buel, jr., Joseph Russell, Nathan
Warren, Richard P. Hart, Jeremiah
Dauchy, James Mallory, William
Bradley, and Amasa Paine, trustees
of the institution. In the fall of the
year, the building was occupied by
the school. The first members of the
faculty were : Mrs. Emma Willard,
principal; Miss Elizabeth Sherrill,
Angelica Gilbert, Mary Hey wood,
and Elizabeth P. Huntington, instruc-
tors; Miss Sarah W. Ingalls, Mary
H. Field, Mary E. Akin, and Eliza-

beth Whiting, assistant teachers. On
May 29. 1825, Dr. John Willard
died. On October 13, 1825, the com-
mon council resolved to lease the
seminary to Mrs. Emma Willard for
five years and six months, from No-
vember I, 1825. In 1826, the build-
ing was lengthened forty feet, at the
expense of the city, and the rent in-
creased to $700. The building used for
musical instruction and laundering,
now demolished, was erected in 1828
at an expense of $3,500. In March
and May, 1831, several adjacent plats
of ground were purchased, extending
the property to Ferry Street and lot
115 and a part of lot 114 to the alley,
on the west. In 1833, the main
building was extended to the alley,
at an expense of $5,000, and the rent
increased to $1,100. In 1837, the
institution began to receive money
from the State Literature Fund, and
that year acquired a plat of ground
on Ferry Street, In 1838, Mrs.
Emma. Willard retired from the prin-
cipalship of the seminary, leaving it
to the care of her son, John H. Wil-
lard, and his wife, Sarah L. Willard,
both of whom had been associated
with her in its management. In 1846.
the trustees purchased a plat of
ground, 30 by 80 feet, from the First
Presbyterian Church, on the west side
of the closed alley, running from
Ferry to Congress streets, and erected
an addition to the main building, 50
by 50 feet.

In 1 871, the trustees perceiving the
seminary was not obtaining the pat-
ronage to which it was entitled, on
account of their inability to secure
sufficient moneys to renovate the
building, to provide it with new fur-
niture, and to purchase improved
school-apparatus, determined to solicit
aid of the citizens of Troy, should the
city be induced to convey its entire
interest in the property to the board.
On February i, 1872, the committee

271

from ' the trustees, William Gurley,
. Joseph W. Fuller, and William Kemp,
presented a request for the transfer of
the buildings and grounds to the
trustees, together with a memorial,
sigjned by nine hundred and eighty
citizens, sanctioning the convey-
ance of the property. The action
of the common council was so adverse
that it was deemed judicious to offer
the city $50,000 for the property.
This was done, and by a vote of 11
to 8 a resolution was passed. June 7,
1872, by the common council, to sell
the property to the trustees for $50,-
000, •* to be paid on or before the
first day of May, 1873,^* authorizing
the mayor to execute a contract to
that effect. On June 12, 1872, the
mayor, Thomas B. Carroll, signed
the agreement, which set forth the
condition that the property was '* to
be used only for school purposes."
Although a subscription was at once
circulated among the citizens to ob-
tain the sum desired, little progress
was made until William Gurley, with
commendable zeal and indefatigable
perseverance, undertook the task of
personally soliciting subscriptions.
He, later assisted by his brother,
Lewis E. Gurley, finally succeeded in
increasing the subscriptions to $52,-
615.17, in sums ranging from $4 to
l5,ooo. On May i, 1873, a check,
signed by W. & L. E. Gurley, for
$50,000, payable at the National Ex-
change Bank, to the order of William
Kemp, mayor of the city, secured the
property to the seminary trustees.
John H. Willard and his wife, Sarah
L. Willard, having resigned their
management of the institution at the
close of the term in June, 1872, Miss
Emily Wilcox became principal in
September, 1872, who, with an effi-
cient corps of teachers, has since suc-
cessfully conducted the school. At
considerable expense the buildings
have been renovated and provided

with new furniture and school ap-
paratus.

Sewing Machines.—

Wheeler & Wilson Manufac-
turing Company, Nos. 454 and 456
Fulton Street. In 1849, Allen B.
Wilson, of Pittsfield, Mass., complet-
ed the construction of the first sewing
machine invented by him. In 1850,
it was patented. To manufacture
others and sell them, he, with Nathan-
iel Wilson, Alanson Warren and
George P. Woodruff, formed the firm
of Wheeler, Wilson & Co. Among
the inviting fields for the immediate
sale of the machines, Troy was se-
lected. In the winter of 1851-52,
Nathaniel Wheeler visited the city,
and brought with him one of the
plainly-made instruments, now so un-
attractive in comparison with the elab-
orately and tastefully constructed ma-
chines sold by the company. For a
number of days the ingenious inven-
tion was exhibited at the Mansion
House. With no little disappoint-
ment, Mr. Wheeler discovered that a
disbelief in the practicability of the
use of the machine in making collars
inclined the manufacturers of collars
in the city to reject his overtures to
have them subject the labor-saving in-
struments to a trial in their factories.
In a letter to the writer, he refers to
the hesitancy of the collar makers in
forming a different opinion respecting
the sewing machines : " I particularljp^
brought the attention of the manufec-
turers of collars and cuffs to the ma-
chines, most of whom shook their
heads, doubting the practicability of
stitching collars by machinery. Among
my visitors was Jefferson Gardner,
who seeming to be less skeptical, pa-
tiently investigated the subject, and
concluded to give the machines a
trial." In the spring of 1852, several
were sent him to be used in his collar

WHEELER & WILSON MANUF. CO'S BUILDING.

273

factory on King Street His tests of
their mdaptability to collar-work were
so satisfactory that he ordered others
to be sent him. He afterward visited
Bridgeport, Conn., and purchased a
half-interest in the sale of the ma-
chine in Rensselaer County. Besides
using about thirty in his own factory,
Jefferson Gardner in a short time dis-
posed of a large number to the other
collar manufacturers in the city.
Strange as it is true, the Wheeler &
Wilson sewing machines are the ones
now mostly used in the manufacture
of collars, cuffs and shirts in Troy.
Since their introduction, not less than
20.000 have been sold in this city and
in other parts of Rensselaer County.
Not a few persons have made them-
selves comparatively rich by the use
of one or more of these machines.
In the salesroom of the Wheeler &
Wilson Manufacturing Company, on
Fulton Street, is a machine with
which a woman certifies she realized
$6,000. Wiih one of the latest im-
proved Wheeler & Wilson sewing ma-
chines, a skilled operative, during, a
day's working hours, with steam pow-
er, can stitch from 80 to 100 dozen
collars. With steam power, an ac-
complished machine operator can sew
from 18 to 24 shirts in a day; with
foot-power, from 9 to 12. When un-
der full speed, a new Wheeler & Wil-
son sewing machine will make from
1,500 to 2,000 stitches in a minute.
Besides machines for collar, cuff, and
shirt- work, the company has others
designed for stitching in leather,
gloves, corsets, and hats, and others
again for tailor and dressmaking-
work. The new sewing machine ** D
10 " will likely meet with a large sale,
as it is fitted with a new device by
which the upper thread is carried
around the lower without meeting any
resistance. And besides is constructed
to use a bobbin containing twice the
quantity of cotton on bobbins previ-

ously used. The latest and most inge-
nious invention patented and sold by
the Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing
Company is its new automatic button-
hole machine. Almost in a second of
time, with unequalled regularity and
fineness of finish, this wonderful ma-
chine stitches a button-hole, and by
the quick descent of a sharp knife
cuts with the utmost precision the
opening between the encircling stitch-
es. An operative is said to have made
in sixty hours 24,000 button-holes
with one of these machines, and a
woman in a day 6,000 button-holes in
250 dozen of ladie>' collars, with an-
other. The button-hole machines and
the different sewing machines made
by the company are on exhibition in
its building on Fulton Street. The
sales of all the Wheeler & Wilson
Manufacturing Company's machines
in Troy and its vicinity have for four-
teen years been intrusted to Oscar
Smith, who in 1872 took charge of
the Troy office and salesrooms. His
predecessors were Jefferson Gardner,
who controlled the sale of the sewing
machines from 1852 to 1855; John W.
Armitage, from May 10, 1855 to July
10, 1857; Armitage & Moscley, from
July 10, 1857. to June 29, 1861 ; A.
B. Elliott, from 1861 to April 27,
1872. Previous to 1872, Oscar Smith
had the agency at Albany. At the
Troy salesrooms the company has for
sale all the appurtenances necessary
for the repair of broken parts of the
machines, and also supplies thread,
silk, and needles used in different
kinds of sewing.

Shirt ManufactoHes —One

of the large businesses of Troy is that
of the manufacture of shirts. Law-
rence Van Valkenburgh is honored as
the first person to engage extensively
in it in the city. In 1845, he* estab-
lished a shirt factory on the southeast
comer of Seventh and Elbow streets.

274

He continued in the business until
1858. It has now attained such pro-
portions that it ranks with the city's
chief industries. Its present magni-
tude is partly disclosed by the fact
that in the different manufactories
not infrequently from twenty-five to
thirty miles of muslin are cut into
shirts in a day. About 4,000 persons,
mostly girls and women, are employ-
ed in Troy and its vicinity in making
the goods, who annually receive in

ent development in 1866, when Jus-
tus Miller, A. P. Hamlin, and Joseph
Wheelock, under the name of Ham-
lin, Miller, & Co., began manufac-
turing collars and cuffs at No. 464
Fulton Street. On the dissolution of
the partnership in the following year,
Miller & Wheelock continued the
business at the same place. About
this time the firm began making
shirts. In 1874 E. W. Bingham
became a member of the firrti.

MILLER, HALL, & HARTWELL BUILDING.

wages not less than $800,000. The
annual sales of shirts made in the
city exceed $1,500,000.

Miller, Hall, & Hartwell, shirt,
collar, and cuflf manufacturers, Nos.
547 to 553 River Street. The dis-
tinction of being the oldest as well as
the largest shirt manufactory in the
city gives no little local prominence
to this establishment. The business
of the prosperous firm had its incipi-

which then took the name of Miller,
Wheelock, & Co., manufacturing at
No. 22 King Street. In"] 1875.
the firm was succeeded by that of
Miller & Bingham, at Nos. 421 and
423 River Street. After the death of
E. W. Bingham, in 1877, his widow
retained an interest in the business
until 1878. Under the name of
Miller & Bingham, Justus Miller con-
ducted the business at Nos. 421 and
423 River Street until December 7,

275

i879t when the building was burned.
Until July I, 1880, he occupied the
building on the northeast corner of
River and Hoosick streets, whence he
moved into his new and commodious
manufactory on the west side of River
Street, north of Hoosick Street. In
1884, the present firm was formed by
Justus Miller, Frank B. Miller, (his
son,) William L. Hall, and Charles E.
Hartwell. The imposing building,
six stories high, has a frontage of 100
feet and a depth of 100. The fire-
proof structure contains twelve rooms
50 by 100 feet. In it are the laundry,
the collar, cuff, and shiit de-
partments. Besides giving employ-
ment to a large number of persons in
Troy, the enterprising firm distributes
work to thousands of people in the
surrounding country. Miller, Hall,
& Hartwell have a factory at Hoosick
Falls and one at Fairhaven, Vermont.
The excellent goods made by the firm
are purchased by numerous customers
throughout the United States.

Geo. B. Cluett, Bro., & Co.,
manufacturers of Monarch shirts, Nos.
441 to 451 River Street. (See Col-
lar AND Cuff Manufacturers.)

George P. Ide & Co., shirt man-
ufacturers, Ide Building. (See Col-
lar AND Cuff Manufacturers.)

Tim, Wallerstein, k Co., shirt
manufacturers, Nos. 62 to 72 Sixth
Street, began business in Troy. April
I, 1878, and occupied, with Tim &
Co., the building Nos. 57 and 59
Federal Street The members of the
firm were Solomon and Louis Tim,
£. Wallerstein, Max Herman, and
J. O'SuUivan. In 1883, M. Ober was
admitted a partner. The firm, with
that of Tim & Co., moved, in 1881,
to their present five-story, brick build-
ing, on the east side of Sixth Street,
between Broadway and State Street.
A fair conception of the firm's exten-

sive manufacturing may be formed from
the information that more than ten
miles of muslin are cut into shirts in
a day at the establishment. The firm
enjoys with Tim & Co. the advantages
arising from its joint ownership of the
laundry and paper-box manufactory in
the Pine Building. The goods of the
firm are distributed by jobbers in all
parts of the United States. The firm
has a shirt factory at Greenwich, and
another at Shushan, N. Y.

W. H. & A. D. ROWE, shirt manu-
facturers, Nos. 509. 511 and 513 Riv-
er Street, west side, between Hutton
and Hoosick streets. They engaged
in the business of making collars,
cuffs, and shirts, in March, 1872, oc-
cupying the upper part of the build-
ing on the southwest corner of River
and Federal streets. In February,
1884, they moved into the more com-
modious, four-story, brick building
now occupied by them. Some years
ago they discontinued manufacturing
collars and cuffs in order to apply
themselves particularly to the business
of making shirts. As others engaged
in this great local industry, William
H. and Andrew D. Rowe have with
no little enterprise enlarged the sale
of their goods, which are known to
the trade as the ** Crown Shirts."
They are manufacturers' agents for
the sale of knit underwear, men and
women's shirts and drawers.

Ball Bros., (John C. Ball,) manu-
facturers of shirts of special orders.
Hall Building, corner of River and
First streets.

Wilbur, Miller, & Wilbur,
shirt manufacturers, northwest corner
of Fulton and Front streets. (See
Collar and Cuff Manufactur-
ers.)

Sisters of St. Joseph. — One
community on the east side of Tren-

276

ton Street, opposite Jickson Street; June, the company was incorporated,

the other, at No. 147 North Second The new works, at Greenbush, were

Street. erected in 1886 ; a commodious brick

building, 55 by 80 feet Robert J.

Society, Bensselaer County Pratt, the manager, a graduate of the

Agricultural and Horticultu- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and

ral, was organized by articles of as- of Johns Hopkins University, is an

sociation executed July 27, 1880. experienced electrician, and the de-

Since September, 1881, annual fairs si^er of a number of important mech-

have been held by the society at anisms, which have been patented.

Rensselaer Park, Lansingburgh, ex- The class of instruments manufactur-

cept in 1885, when the September ed by the company embraces detector,

fair was omitted on account of the horizontal astatic, tangent, marine, and

State fair being held at Albany. The reflecting galvanometers, also the im-

society is in a highly prosperous con- proved Thomson reflecting and the

dition. Its officers are : Lewis E. Helmholtz gaugain galvanometers,

Gurley, president ; Paul Cook, vice- resistance coils of all styles, keys of

president ; Thomas Rourk, secretary ; different designs, Pratt's patented

Shepard Tappen, treasurer. speed indicator, the Bailey testing

set, and other electric apparatus.

a f -M ^ -n J. J. The company has the exclusive right

Solicitors Of Patents.— of manufacturing in this country the

William E. Hagan, expert and Woodhouse and Rawson volt amme-

solicitor of patents since 1864, No. ters. Orders for any of the instru-

219 River Street. ments are promptly filled. The com-

George a. Mosher, solicitor of P^^y >^ f^fo a department for fine

patents and counsellor in patent causes, expenmental work Officers: J.Hyde

No. 17 First Street. ^'^^\ president; Geoi^e H. Enms.

secretary ; and Robert J. Pratt, elec-

AusTiN F. Park, solicitor of pat- trician and manager,
ents, room 31 Boardman Building,

northeast comer of River and Fulton steamboats. ^ The Clermont,

streets, engaged m the busmess m ^he first steamboat to ply upon the

^^55. Hudson, left New York on Friday

morning, September 4, 1807, at 6

Standard Electrical Test In- o'clock, and arrived at Albany on the

StrumentS. — following morning. In making prac-

The Electric Manufacturing ticable the navigation of the river

Company, office No. 311 River Street, by steamboats, Robert R. Livingston

has the distinction of making a par- and Robert Fulton were granted by

ticular class of electrical test instru- the legislature the exclusive privilege

ments of excellent quality and su- for thirty years of employing the

perior workmanship, at its works at boats invented by them in carrying

Greenbush. The special adaptations passengers and freight on the Hudson,

and peculiar adjustments of the valu- The first of their steamboats to ply

able instruments have won the com- upon the Upper Hudson was the Fire-

mendation of many prominent elec- Fly, which began conveying passen-

tricians and scientists in the country, gers between Albany and Troy in

The works were established at Troy, September, i8ia. The privilege

in March, 1884, and in the following granted to Livingston and Fulton

277

was, by adt of legislature, passed
March lo, 1820, transferred to the
North River Steamboat Company, and
extended to April 11, 1838. The le-
gality of this monopoly being ques-
tioned, Chief Justice Marshall, of the
Supreme Court, on March 2, 1824,
decided it to be unconstitutional. A
number of enterprising citizens of
Troy immediately organized the Troy
Steamboat Company, and contracted
for the construction of a steamboat.
Commenting on the purposes of the
company, the Troy Sentinel of March
12, that year, remarked :

•• There will, doubtless, soon be a
line of steamboats, to carry passen-
gers, running from Troy to New
York. When this line shall be in
operation, Troy will be a better cen-
ter of travel and business than any
place on the river. The road from
Troy to Schenectady is shorter and
better than that to Albany ; the road
from Troy to Lebanon Springs, by
the Sandlake turnpike, is shorter,
smoother, and more level than the
turnpike from Albany. Troy is nearer
to the great, fashionable watering
places, Ballston and Saratoga, than
Albany ; in short, such is the situation
of this city, in reference not only to
the canals [the Erie and Champlain]
and the river, but the roads east, west,
north, and south, that unless our
citizens have lost their forecast and
enterprise, it will be speedily manifest
how extensive every event, connected
in any way with the course of busi-
ness and trade, has conspired to pro-
mote the prosperity of this fortunate
city."

On Saturday, August 21, 1824,
the steamboat, named the Chief Jus-
tice Marshall, was launched at New
York, and on Saturday, March 12,
1825, arrived at the Ferry Street
wharf; R. W. Sherman, captain.
About 40 cords of pine wood were
consumed to generate steam in her

copper boiler sufficient for her passage
of sixteen hours, between the two
cities A large fly-wheel equalized
the movements of her machinery.
Describing the appointments of the
boat, the Troy Sentinel observed:
'* Her accommodations are spacious,
airy, and neat ; and among the various
improvements is a large reading room
on the upper deck where the principal
newspapers in the Union will be filed.
Below is a very convenient * washing-
room,* where water is let in from the
river, and bells placed leading to the
barbers* and waiters* apartments."
The use of pine wood for fuel doubt-
less made the washing-room a great
convenience for the passengers fre-
quenting the upper deck.

Shortly after the Chief Justice Mar-
shall began to ply between Troy and
New York, Samuel Gale, the post-
master of the Troy office, received
the following request from Postmaster-
General John McLean: **I wish you
would contract with the captain of
the new steamboat to carry letters to
New York, as well as the intermediate
points from your office, and to bring
letters to your office. You can then
stipulate to pay three cents for each
letter that he carries. In that case
the letters will be rated with the ordi-
nary letter postage."

The first steam ferry-boat began
plying at the upper ferry, between
West Troy and the city, in July, 1826.

In 1844, eight steamboats, ten tow-
ing steamboats, twenty-four freight
barges, and twenty-seven sailing ves-
sels, owned by residents of Troy,
were engaged in the transportation of
passengers and freight.

At that time the offices of the Troy
and New York Steamboat Association
were in the ^building. No. 199 River
Street. A long passage extended from
River Street through the building to a
broad flight of steps descending to the
steamboat wharf below. The passen-

278

ger trains of the different railroads re-
ceived and delivered passengers in
front of the building. The Empire,
Captain Stephen R. Roe, and the Troy,
Captain A. Gorham, were then the day-
line boats; the Albany, Captain R.
B. Macy, and the Swallow, Captain
A. McLean, were the night-line boats.
(See the writer's contribution in the
Troy Daily Times, October 22, 1879,
for the names of the other steamboats
plying on the river from 181 2 to 1879.)

Citizens* Steamboat Company of
Troy. In the winter of 1871-72,
books for the subscription of stock
for the establishment of a night-line
of boats to ply between Troy and
New York were opened in this city.
On the evening of January 22, 1872,
the stockholders met in the Athenaeum
Building and elected the first board
of directors of the company. The
directors afterwards met and elected
Captain Charles W. Farnham, presi-
dent ; Joseph Cornell, vice-president ;
and Thomas D. Abrams, secretary and
treasurer. On February 19, that year,
the articles of association of the com-
pany were signed by the directors.
Capital stock, 1250,000 ; 2,500 shares,
$100 each.

On January 14, that year, the
Thomas Powell and Sunnyside were
purchased from Cornell. Horton, &
Co., of Catskill ; the C. Vanderbilt
and the Connecticut, which severally
had been on the Troy line since 1859
and 1866, were sold and afterward
used for towing. After the loss of
the Sunnyside, on December 1, 1875,
the company determined to build two
boats which, in size and appointments,
should surpass any of the boats pre-
viously plying between Troy and New
York. The contract for the construc-
tion of one was given to 'John English
& Son, of Greenport, L. I. On Jan-
uary 2, 1876, the building of the boat
was begun, and on April i, she was

launched and named the City of Troy.
On the morning of June 15, that
year, she arriv^ at the steamboat
landing, at the foot of Broadway;
Captain L. D. Deming, formerly of
the C Vanderbilt. commanding her.
Length, 300 feet ; extreme breadth,
70; depth of hold, 10; tonnage, 1,650;
diameter of engine cylinder, 60 inches;
stroke, 12 feet; state rooms, 112;
ladies' cabin berths, 40 ; gentlemen's
cabin berths, 210. Previous to the
City of Troy taking her place on the
line, the Twilight, Captain C. D.
Hancox, substituted the Sunnyside.
The Saratoga was launched from the
yard of John English & Son, on March
26, 1877, and arrived at Troy on June
13, that year ; Captain T. D. Abrams,
of the Thomas Powell, commanding
her. Length, 300 feet ; extreme
breadth, 68 ; depth of hold. 10 ; ton-
nage, 1,550 ; diaiQeter of engine cyl-
inder, 56 inches ; stroke, 12 feet ; state
rooms, 113; ladies' cabin berths, 40;
gentlemen's, 210. The engines of the
two boats were made by G. W. Quin-
tard of New York.

The distance from Troy to New
York is about 156 miles, and is trav-
ersed by the boats in 10 hours. They
make the passage nightly, except on
Saturdays, alternately leaving pier 44,
North River, at the foot of Christo-
pher Street, at 6 p. m , and the land-
ing, at the foot of Broadway, Troy,
about 7:30 (on Sundays at 6) p. m.
Captain Thomas D. Abrams has had
the command of the Saratoga since
1877, and Captain G. D. Wolcott that
of the Cit^ of Troy since 1878.

The officers of the company are
Joseph Cornell, president ; George W.
Horton, vice-president ; Thomas D.
Abrams, secretary and treasurer ; and
George W.. Gibson, general passenger
agent.

The Belle Horton, built in 1880,
is used by the company for excursions
and as a tender to the large boats.

279

Albany and Troy Steamboat
Company. Daily line ; boats W. M.
Whitney and T. G. Sanders. Land-
ings, foot of Maiden Lane, Albany,
and foot of State Street, Troy.

Steam Engines.—

William Coutie & Sons, manu-
facturers of compound steam engines,
Nos. 10 to 14 Front Street, near Fed-
eral. The high favor in which Cou-
tie's compound steam engines are held
by those using them is a public attes-
tation of their excellence and ser-
viceableness. They embody a sim-
plicity of construction and an eco-
nomic action which make them pre-
ferred to all others for factory work.
The high and low pressure engines
made by the firm disclose in their
scientific mechanism the secret of
their long popularity. The compound
enaine running at the works, made in
1862, is the oldest in America. Wil-
liam Coutie engaged in the business
in 1850, in the building, on the south-
east corner of Mechanic (now Front)
and Federal streets, burned in the fire
of 1862. That year, he purchased the
bite of the present establishment, and
erected the three-story, brick build-
ing, 50 by 60 feet. The firm of Wil-
liam Coutie & Sons (William and
George), also makes as a specialty
tools for stove manufacturers.

Stephentown, one of the towns
of Rensselaer County, was erected by
the act dividing the counties into
towns, passed March 7, 1788. The
village of Stephentown, on the Leb-
anon Springs Railroad, has a popula-
tion of 200. North Stephentown is
also a station on the same road.
West Stephentown, South Stephen-
town, Stephentown Center, and Ste-
phentown Flatts are small places in
the town.

Population of the town: 1790,
6,795; 1800, 4,968; 1810, 4.567;
1815,2,640; 1820,2,592; 1825,2,703;
1830,2,716; 1835,2,528; 1840,2,753;
1845,2,548; 1850,2,622; 1855,2,397;
1860,2,311; 1865, 2,026; 1870,2,133;
I875, 2,047 ; t88o, 1,986.

Stone,—

Don & McDonald (John Don and
John McDonald), cutters of stone-
trimmings for buildings, and dealers
in brown and Ohio stone, and flagging.
Front Street, near Federal. Firm
formed in 1882.

Stove Dealers —

Reardon & Ennis. (John Reardon
and George H. Ennis). retail agents
for the sale of the Bussey & McLeod
Stove Company's stoves and ranges,
No. 311 River Street.

W. A. Sherman, No. 259 River
Street. (See McCarthy Building.)

Stove Linings and Fire Brick.

Harvey S. McLeod, proprietor of
the Troy Stove Lining and Fire Brick
Works, southwest corner of First and
Monroe streets. In 1871, after the
death of Jacob Henry, who engaged in
the manufacture of fire brick in
Albany in 1825. the works were es-
tablished at their present location.
In 1882, Harvey S. McLeod purchased
them of Bacon & Henry. By ad-
ditions to the other buildings and the
erection of new ones, he greatly en-
larged the establishment. By a new
process in the treatment and manipu-
lation of infusible clay, the stove
linings and fire brick made by him
have obtained a wide popularity with
stove manufacturers, not only in Troy
and its vicinity but in distant places
in the country, especially in the
western states. The works have a

281

capacity of producing weekly 20,000
sets of stove linings and 10,000 fire
brick. The office building is No. 357
First Street, immediately south of the
works. The street cars cross Monroe
Street, a block east of the establish-
ment Fire brick of the best quality
for cupolas, blast furnaces, and boiler
settings are also made at the works.

Stove Manufacturers.— Stoves
were first made in Troy for the trade
in 1 82 1. In 1829, those cast at the
two foundries in the city were valued
at $120,000, In 1855, there were seven
foundries employing 670 men, whose
annual wages aggregated |2 1 6,000.
The value of the 75,000 stoves made
by .them exceeded |i, 000,000. In
1875, twenty-three stove establish-
ments gave employment to 2,115
workmen, who earned that year
$1,715,000. The value of the stoves
sold was $4,012,000. In 1885, about
2,000 persons were employed in seven
foundries, whose wages were estimated
to be not less than 1 1,000,000. The
value of the stoves exceeded $2,500,-
000. In perfection of casting, beauty
of design, and scientific construction,
the stoves, ranges, and furnaces made
in Troy are not surpassed by those
manufactured elsewhere. The skill
and experience of the employers and
the intelligence and enterprise of the
manufacturers have always been im-
portant factors in the successful com-
petition which Troy has maintained in
finding markets in all parts of the
country for the thousands of stoves
sent from her foundries. They have
also been sent to distant destinations :
England, Germany, Turkey, China,
Japan, Australia, Sandwich Islands,
the West Indies, and South America.

Fuller & Warren Company,
Clinton Stove Works, west side of
River Street, between Madison and
Monroe streets. The buildings of the

extensive establishments cover an area
of six acres. In the different de-
partments about 1,200 persons are
employed, earning annually $480,000.
Not less than 60,000 stoves, ranges,
and furnaces are yearly made at the
works. They are not only widely
sold in the United States, but many
are sent to foreign countries. In
Chicago, the company's sales-build-
ing. No. 56 Lake Street, is a five-
story, brick structure. The five-story
warehouse, 100 by 150 feet, on the
North Pier, was one of three build-
ings, on the north side of the city,
which escaped the ravages of the
great fire of 1 871. The branch
house at Cleveland, Ohio, is Nos. 62
and 64 River Street. The principal
agencies of the company are at No.
236 Water Street, New York ; No. 44
Union Street, Boston ; northeast cor-
ner of Light and Lombard streets,
Baltimore ; and No. 1045 Market
Street, San Francisco. The site of
the Clinton Stove Works has been
occupied since 1846 by buildings in
which stoves have been made. The
greater part of it was purchased Oc-
tober 8, 1845, by Johnson & Cox, who
first erected a foundry on it The
succeeding firms have been Johnson,
Cox, & Fuller, 1850; Cox, Warren,
Morrison, & Co., 1854; Fuller, War-
len, & Morrison, 1855 ; Fuller, War-
ren, & Co., 1859 ; and the Fuller &
Warren Company, incorporated, De-
cember 31, 1 881. The officers of the
company are Joseph W. Fuller, presi-
dent ; Walter P. Warren, vice-presi-
dent ; Gurdon G. Wolfe, secretary ;
Herbert A. Viets, treasurer; and A.
H. Eaton, superintendent of con-
struction.

BussEY & McLeod Stove Com-
pany, offices, salesrooms, and foun-
dry east side of Oakwood Avenue,
near its intersection with Tenth
Street. Beginning with a small plant
in 1863, the works have been extend-

oi
O

(4
•J

ed over a plat of three acres. The
company emplo3rs 350 workmen, mak-
ing annually 20,000 stoves and melt-
ing 1800 tons of iron in the product.
The " Gold Coin " and " Gold Medal "
stoves and ranges made by the com-
pany have high commendation in the
United States, east of Illinois. The
firm of Bnssey, McLeod, & Co., was
formed in 1863 by Esek Bussey,
Charles A. McLeod, and J. O. Mer-
riam. Several years later, Rofos
Lape was admitted a partner; the
name of the firm being unchanged.
After the death of J. O. Merriam and
Rnfus Lape, the other two members
of the firm continued the business
until December 30, 1882, when the
Bussey & McLeod Stove Company
was formed, of which Esek Bussey is
president ; Charles A. McLeod, first
vice-president ; T. Henry Bussey,
second vice-president; Charles M.
Austin, treasurer ; John W. Rorabach,
secretajry, and L. D. Streeter, super-
intendent of construction,

BuRDETT, Smith, & Co., office and
salesrooms No. 253 River Street, Bur-
dett Building; foundry east side of
Canal Street, near Vail Avenue. L.
Potter&Co., 1853; L. Potter, 1858 ;
Potter & Co., 1859; Potter & Paris,
1862; Burdett, Paris, & Co., 1868;
Burdett, Potter, Smith, & Co.,
1869; Burdett, Smith, & Co., 1871.
Edward A. Burdett and W. Stone
Smith formed the present firm in 1883.

George W. Swett & Co., office
and salesroom. No. 219 River Street;
Empire Foundry, northwest and south-
west comers of Second and Ida streets.
Anson Atwood, 1841 ; Atwood & Cole,
1844 ; Atwood, Cole, & Crane, 1846 ;
Pease, Keeney, & Co., 1848 ; Clark,
Keeney. & Co., 1850 ; Felton, Kee-
ney, & Co., 1851 ; Swett, Quimby, k
Co., 1852 ; Swett, Quimby, & Perry,
1867 ; Swett, Quimby, & Co., 1883 ;

George W. Swett & Co., (Fred. W.
SwetQ, January i, 1886.

Co-operative Stove Works,
southwest comer of River Street and
Glen Avenue. Co-operative Iron
Founders' Association, 1866; Troy
Co-operative Foundry Company,
1871 ; Co-operative Stove Works of
Troy, 1878.

Andrew B. Fales, stove works,
Nos. 279 and 293 North Third Street.

A. M. Stratton. 1835 ; James Wager,
1839 ; Wager & Dater, 1844 ; Wager
& Pratt. 1847 ; Wager, Pratt. & Co.,
1849; Wager, Richmond, & Smith,
1852 ; James Wager, 1855 ; Wager &
Fox, 1856; Wager & Fales, i860;
Wager, Fales. & Co., 1869 ; Andrew

B. Fales, 1872.

Marcus L. Filley, stove manu-
facturer. No. 287 River Street. (See
Green Island.)

BuRTis & Mann, stove manufac-
turers, office and salesroom, No. 231
River Street ; foundry, (J. Gould &
Co.,) southwest comer of North Third
and North streets. The firm, (O. F.
Burtis and H. R. Mann,) was formed
May 29, 1883. It succeeded to the
business of Potter & Co., and of H. S.
Church.

The Victor Stove Company,
manufacturers of stoves, No. 399
River Street.

J. C. Henderson & Co., manu-
facturers of the Henderson dome,
cone. Lively Times, and wrought iron
furnaces, No. 195 River Street. The
senior member of the firm. J. C. Hen-
derson, became a member of the firm
of Shavor, Henderson, & Graff, in
1869 ; Sheldon, Greene, & Co., 1870;
Shavor & Henderson, in 1 872. On the
dissolution of the last firm, in 1876,
he individuallv engaged in the manu-
facture of his popular furnaces, in

>
o

H
w

Q
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285

which he continued jintil his son,
James A., in April, 1885, became
associated with him in the business.

Stove Polish Manufacturers.

C. W. Hart & Co.. (H. B. Dum-
mer.) manufacturers of the funnel-
paste stove polish, granite cement,
indestructible stove putty, petrified
furnace cement, and shine-shine starch
polish, Nos. 652 and 654 River Street.
Firm formed March i, 1886.

Street Bailways.— Stages were
the first public conveyances to carry
passengers between Troy and Lan-
singburgh. On April 21, 1789, a
stage began running daily from Lan-
singburgh through Troy to Albany.
The fare for the round trip was four
shillings. In 1794, another stage was
put on the route. In 1831, a line of
stages began running half-hourly be-
tween Troy and Albany. In October,
that year, 12,589 passengers were
conveyed between the two places.
In 1832, a line of stages began run-
ning hourly between Troy and Lan-
singburgh. From year to year the
number of conveyances was increased
to shorten the intervals between their
trips.

Troy & Lansingburgh Railroad.
Under the act authorizing the forma-
-tion of railroad companies, passed
April 2. 1850, the Troy & Lansing-
burgh Railroad Company was organ-
ized. The articles of association,
signed August 2C, i860, were filed
September 6, that year. The pur-
pose of the company's organization
was to construct, maintain and operate
a railroad **from some point in the
village of Lansingburgh to some point
in the city of Troy." Capital stock,
$100,000; shares, $1,000; each $100.
On August 20, i860, the common
council permitted the company to con-

struct a single railroad track from
the north bounds of the city through
Kiver Street to Adams, through
Adams to Second, through Second to
Greenbush Highway to a point near
the bridge across the Wynants Kill.
On February 19, 1 861, the first offi-
cers of the company were elected:
Thomas Symonds, president; John A.
Griswold, vice-president; Miles Beach,
secretary and treasurer ; and William
Barton, engineer- On Monday after-
noon, July 15, that year, the work of
constructing the road was begun at
the north side of the Union Railroad
crossing, on River Street, opposite
the Manufacturers* Bank; William
Barton, the engineer, first formally
breaking the ground with a pick. On
August 16, the collection of tolls at
the gate on the plank road, between
Troy and Lansingburgh, was discon-
tinued. The first car ran on the road
on August 29. It was drawn by one
horse, and furnished with a fare box.
A few days thereafter six cars were
running on the road. In November,
eighty trips were made daily. The
completion of the road, in 1862, was
a matter of considerable pride to the
people of Troy, it being accomplished
before the construction of a street
railway in Albany. In the summer
of 1862, the road was extended to
Waterford. The length of the road,
mostly two tracks, from the terminus
at the Wynants Kill to the one in
Waterford, is 6^(j^^(j^ miles. The cars
on the line are painted red. The
roads of the Troy & Cohoes, the Lan-
singburgh & Cohoes, and the Water-
ford & Cohoes railroad companies
are leased and operated by the Troy
& Lansingburgh Railroad Company.
Its depots and stables are at the
east side of the Union bridge, Lan-
singburgh ; on the north side of the
road, on Simmons* Island, Cohoes;
at Nos. 103 and 105 River Street,
and on the southwest comer of River

286

and Division streets, Troy. The
general office is in the building. No.
205 River Street. The company em-
ploys 206 men, owns 95 cars, and 468
horses. In 1885, the company carried
on the different lines 5,220,315 pas-
sengers. The officers of the company
are William Kemp, president ; Charles
Cleminshaw, vice-president ; and
Joseph J. Hagen, secretary and treas-
urer.

North Troy and Iron Works
Line. — On January 29, 1867, the
common council permitted the Troy
& Lansingburgh Railroad Company
to construct a railroad extending from
a point in Vandenburgh Street, in the
south part of the city, along Mill
Street to intersect the track of the
Troy & Lansingburgh Railroad at the
Wynants Kill bridge, and to diverge
from its track on the Greenbush High-
way, passing through Fourth, Con-
gress, and Third streets northward to
Fulton Street to intersect the Troy
& Lansingburgh Railroad track on
River Street. Although having per-
mission to extend the line farther
northward along King, North Second,
Rensselaer, North Third, and Mount
streets to the main track on River
Street, the company only constructed
the road northward as far as the in-
tersection of Fulton and River streets.
The company operated the road with
no little loss of capital from June 29,
1867, to December 30, 1870, when it
was abandoned.

Troy & Cohoes Railroad. The
Troy k Cohoes Railroad Company
was organized February ii, 1862.
The road extends from River Street,
at Bridge Avenue, crossing the Rens-
selaer & Saratoga Railroad bridc^e, run-
ning through George and Tibbits
streets, Green Island, Saratoga, and
Mohawk streets, Cohoes, to the ter-
minus, near the intersection of Rem-
sen and Mohawk streets. The first

car ran on the road, Saturday, Oc-
tober 10, 1863. Length of road, 3^
miles. The cars of this line are
painted white, and run to Ferry
Street, Troy.

Lansingburgh & Cohoes Rail-
road. This road, constructed in 1880,
extends from the intersection of Second
Avenue and Twelfth Street, Lansing-
burgh, across the Hudson River and
Mohawk River bridges and Van
Schaick and Simmons islands, through
Ontario Street to its intersection with
the track of the Troy & Cohoes railroad,
on Mohawk Street Cohoes. The cars
began running on the road, August 18,
1880. Length, i^®^ miles. The
cars of this line are painted blue, and
run from the Iron Works, via Lan-
singburgh, to Cohoes.

Waterford & Cohoes Railroad.
This road extends from the intersec-
tion of Remsen and Ontario streets,
Cohoes, along Ontario Street to
Saratoga Street, thence northward
along Saratoga Street, crossing the
bridge across the Mohawk River,
thence along the Waterford Road to
the village, to the terminus of the
Troy & Lansingburgh Railroad Com-
pany's road. The cars began run-
ning on the road, August 20, 1884.
Length, l-^V miles. From the green
color of the cars, it is known as the
Green Line*

Stmday School Union, The
Bensselaer County, was organ-
ized in 1832 and incorporated in 1883.
Its objects as defined in the revised
constitution of the union, January 19,
i860, are " to concentrate the efforts
of friends of Sunday-schools ; to dis-
seminate useful information on the
subject ; to circulate moral and re-
ligious publications, and to establish
Sunday-schools wherever it may be
deemed practicable and expedient."

287

The society has a May anniversary,
and a number of conventions are held
each year in different parts of the
county. The total enrollment of per-
sons belonging to the Sunday-schools
in the county in 1885 was 30,063.
The number of persons, between the
ages of 5 and 2 1 years, in the county,
not connected with a Sunday-school,
was reported to be that year, 18,675,
The officers of the society are Lewis
E. Gurley, president ; James H. Kel-
logg, corresponding secretary ; and J.
Spencer Gamsey, treasurer.

Tailors, Merchant.—

James B. Caldwell, (successor to
A. Montague & Co.,) merchant tailor,
No. 6 Times Building, northeast cor-
ner of Broadway and Third Street.
The business was established in 1839
by Bernard Montague, at No. 7 Can-
non Place.

David Bastable, merchant tailor,
No. I, Troy House, intersection of
First and River streets. The business
was established by Rundell & Leon-
ard, in 1842, at No. 194 River Street.
D. Bastable succeeded to it, Febru-
ary I, 1876.

Ernest W. Brieger, merchant
tailor. No. 67 Third Street, began
business in 1874.

Theodore A. Byram, merchant
tailor. No. 4 Keenan Building, Broad-
way.

Manny & Hardy, (J. L. Manny
and W. D. Hardy,) merchant tailors.
No. 36 Third Street. Firm formed
M^rch I, 1879.

Telegraph Offices —About the
middle of the month of June, 1846,
the planting of posts for the extension
of the wire of the Morse magnetic
telegraph line between Troy and
Whitehall began in the city. The

room on the north side of the base-
ment of the Athenaeum Building was
then rented for the office of the com-
pany. Moses Johnson was the first
superintendent of the Troy station,
who was succeeded on August 7, that
year, by William C. Buell. On Fri-
day morning, July 24, the first tele-
gram sent from Troy was transmitted
to Saratoga Springs. On Thursday,
August 6, the first message from Troy
to Buffalo was telegraphed. On Sep-
tember 9, that year, the New York
and Buffalo line was used for the first
time. On October 6, the first tel^^ram
from New York to Troy, ida Boston,
was received.

American District Telegraph
Company. Messenger service. Main
office. Athenaeum Building, No. 10
First Street; branch office. No. 371
River Street.

Baltimore & Ohio Telegraph
Company. Office, No. 278 River
Street.

Mutual Union Telegraph Com-
pany. Office, No. 298 River Street.

Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany. Office, No. 249 River Street ;
branch offices. No. 371 River Street,
and Union Railroad Depot

Telephone Company of
Troy, Commercial, rooms 29
and 45 Boardman Building, north-
east comer of River and Fulton
streets. On February 28, 1878, the
Troy Telephone Dispatch Company
was organized. It began business in
an office on the second floor of the
building. No. 280 River Street. The
articles of association of the Commer-
cial Telephone Company of Troy
were filed December 30, 1879. First
officers ; Charles S. Woodruff, M. D.,
president ; Gardner Earl, secretary ;
John F. Porter, treasurer. The com-

pany purchased the business, instru-
ments, and rights of the Troy Tele-
phone Dispatch Company, and occu-
pied its office. In May, 1880, the
Commercial Company moved to the
Boardman Building, occupying rooms
on the third and fourth floors. Be-
ginning with less than a hundred in-
struments, with from five to thirty on
the circuit of a single wire, the com-
pany with its exchanges now serves
more than 1,300 renters of telephones,
and has control of 800 miles of wires.
The central office is connected with
branch offices in West Troy, Cohoes,
Waterford, and Lansingburgh, and
with more than 200 villages and cities,
some of which are more than a hundred
miles distant from Troy. Present
officers of the company : Gardner
Earl, president ; George P. Ide, vice-
president ; Abram N. Belcher, secre-
tary and treasurer.

Temperance Societies.—

Diamond Rock Temple of HoNr
OR, No. 35, meets on the first and
third Monday evenings of each month
at Temple of Honor Hall, No. 269
River Street.

Father Albino's Temperance
Society meets on Friday evenings in
St. Peter's school-room.

Father Matthew Parent, T. A.
B. Society, No. i, meets in Tem-
perance Hall, St. Mary's Avenue.

Iron Works Division, No. 52,
Sons of Temperance, meets on Satur-
day evenings at Mechanics' Hall,
Iron Works.

Troy Christian Temperance
Union, meets on Sunday afternoons
and on Tuesday evenings at its rooms
in the building, Nos. 386 and 388
River Street.

Young Men's Father Matthew
T. A. B. Society, No. 2, meets on
Tuesday evening in St. Mary's Church.

Templars. Independent Or-
der of Good,—

Phoenix Lodge, No. 300, meets
on Friday evening, in Orange Hall,
No. 9 First Street.

Progressive Lodge, No. 161,
meets on Wednesday evening, in Ran-
ken Hall, Albia.

Templars of Temperance*
Royal.—

Trojan Council, No. 135, meets
on the first Tuesday evening of each
month at No. 273 River Street.

E. H. Abbott Council meets in
Temple of Honor Hall, on the first
and third Wednesday evenings of each
month.

James A. Garfield Council, No.
161, meets on the second and third
Wednesday evenings of each month,
in Mechanics' Hall, Iron Works.

Tibbits' Cadets, 21st Separate
(Infantry) Company, N. G. S. N. Y.,
was organized in February, 1877, and
on Thursday evening, March i, that
year, was mustered in as the Seventh
Separate Company, N. G. S. N. Y., at
the old State Armory, on River Street,
by Major George H. Otis ; 112 men
comprising the company. First offi-
cers : Jacob H. Patten, captain ; John
Mearns, first lieutenant ; John £.
Sharp, second lieutenant. The com-
pany's quarters in the armory, on the
southeast corner of Ferry and River
streets, are rooms 4, 5, and 6, on the
first floor, east side of the hall. Pres-
ent officers : Samuel Foster, captain ;
Lawrence Buckley, first lieutenant ;
Merrill Dunspaugh, second lieutenant.

Tibbits' Veteran Corps» 12th
Separate (Infantry) Company, N. G.
S. N. Y., was organized on Monday
evening, March 20, 1876, at Pythian

289

Castle, State Street. The company
was composed of soldiers who had
served in the late civil war, and, at

I the time of the organization of the

corps, were members of Post George

, L. Willard, No. 34, G. A. R. Hav-

ing taken its name in honor of Briga-

1^ dier-General William B. Tibbits, the

I corps, on its first public parade. May

30, that year, was presented with a

I stand of colors by him. First offi-

. cers : Joseph Egolf, commander ; I.

I Seymour Scott, first vice-commander ;

Timothy Quinn, second vice-com-
mander. In December, 1884, the
corps ceased to exist.

1 Theatres.— (See Grand Cen-

! TRAL Theatre, Griswold Opera
I House. Rand's Opera House.)

Tide at Troy.— The tides in
the Hudson River are not directly
I produced by the influence of the sun
and moon. They are derivative tides ;
parts of great tide waves of the Atlan-
tic flowing along the slightly inclined
bed of the river. They ascend the
river to the state dam, in front of the
city, distant 175 miles from the ocean.
On November 17. 1877, Lieut. J. H.
Willard, U. S. Engineers, furnished
the writer with the following tide
memoranda :

The mid-tide difference of water level
between Albany and Governor's Is-
land is 2.61 feet.

The mean rise and fall of tide at
Governor's Island is 4. 38 feet.

The mean rise and fall of tide at
Albany is 2.3a feet.

The mean high water level at Al-
bany is 1.58 feet above that at Gov-
ernor's Island.

The mean low water level at Al-
bany is 3.64 feet above that at Gov-
ernor's Island.

The mean rise and fall of tide at
South Troy (Iron Works) is 1.92 feet.

The mean high water level at South
Troy is 1.73 feet above that at Gov-
ernor's Island.

The mean low water level at South
Troy is 4.16 feet above that at Gov-
ernor's Island.

Tobacconists and Cigar Man-
ufacturers.

FiTZPATRicK & Draper, manufac-
turers of fine Havana and other
cigars, and wholesale dealers in leaf
and manufactured tobacco, Nos. 286
River Street and 9 and ii Third
Street. The members of this well-
known firm, Philip Fitzpatrick and
Frederick £. Draper, formed the part-
nership, September 8, 1869, and en-
gaged in die business at No. 286
River Street Requiring more space
for the transaction of their large busi-
ness, they extended their shipping de-
partment, in February, 1881, to Third
Street. Their cigar manufactory is a
five-story, brick building, near the
northeast comer of Front and Grand
Division streets.

William A. Lent & Co., (William
A. Lent and Richard T. Black)
wholesale tobacconists and cigar man-
ufacturers. Golden Age Cigar Man-
ufactory, No. 310 River Street. Es-
tablished in 1877.

Little & Company, (Samuel Lit-
tle and C. H. Harden), cigar manu-
facturers and dealers in tobacco, No.
341 River Street Established by S.
Little in 1862.

Transportation Lines.—

Merchants' Dispatch Transpor-
tation Company, A. H. Purdy, agent.
No. 215 River Street

Murray's Line, (old line of Troy
barges), ship daily from pier 6, East
River, New York, and foot of State
Street, Troy ; Murray & Biige, pro-
prietors. Edward F. Murray. No.

290

IQI River Street, Troy; John T.
Birge, 19 Coenties Slip, New York.

Philadelphia, Albany and Troy
Line, regular steam and inland route
via canal. Edward F. Murray, agent,
No. 191 River Street.

Western Transit Company, A.
H. Purdy, agent, No. 215 River
Street.

Tricycles and Bicycles.—

Fred. P. Edmans, tricycles, bicy-
cles and their sundries. No. 606
King Street, near River Street. Es-
tablished 1881.

Trojan Wheelmen, organized
1886, meet first Wednesday of each
month. Headquarters, Fulton Mar-
ket Hall. C. E. Betts. president;
R. C. Marshall, secretary; C, E.
Wilson, treasurer.

Troy.— When the first emigrants
from the New England states began
settling on the Upper Hudson, the
land between the Poesten and Pisca-
wen kills was the property of three
Dutch farmers. Matthias Van der
Heyden owned the south part of it,
lying between the Poesten Kill and
Division Street ; Jacob D. Van der
Heyden, the middle, between Division
and Grand Division streets ; and
Jacob I. Van der Heyden, the north,
between Grand Division Street and
the Piscawen Kill, a small stream run-
ning to the river north of Mount
Ol3rmpus.

The ferry between the middle farm
and SUene Hoeck, (Stony Point), op-
posite, on the west side of the river,
had been in the possession of the Van
der Heyden family from the year 1707,
(see page 2), and had long borne the
name of Van der Heyden*s Ferry.
From it, the site of Troy derived its
early name. Ferry Hook.

Jacob I. Van der Heyden *s farm-
house was a brick building, erected in
1756, on the east side of the River
Road, (now River Street), a short dis-
tance north of the Hoosick Road, (now
Hoosick Street). It now forms a part
of the residence of Samuel Clexton,
No. 548 River Street.

Jacob D. Van der Heyden, the pa-
troon, as he was called by the first set-
tlers, lived at the southeast comer of
Ferry and River streets, in a wooden
building, until about the year 1794,
when he occupied his new brick man-
sion, near the southwest comer of
Grand Division and Eighth streets,
burned in the fire of May 10, 1862.

Matthias Van der Heyden's farm-
house was a two-story, wooden build-
ing, standing near the intersection of
Second and Division streets. In 1786,
he rented his brick building, erected
in 1752, on the east side of the River
Road, to Captain Stephen Ashley,
who opened it as an inn. The work
of demolishing this quaint landmark,
on the southeast comer of River and
Division streets, was begun on Mon-
day, June 28, 1886.

Derick, or Dirk Van der Heyden,
the father of Matthias, Dirk or Dick,
and Abraham, lived on the southeast
comer of the alley, on the south side
of Division Street, between First and
Second streets. His son. Dirk, or
" Moogen Dick," as he was called,
lived at the head of Liberty Street,
on the western side of Mount Ida.
Abraham Van der Heyden lived on
the southeast comer of Liberty and
River streets.

South of the Poesten Kill was the
farm of Stephen I. Schuyler, who. on
May 28, 1771, purchased the property,
formerly known as the ** Poesten Bow-
erij," from Sarah Maginnis, the widow
of Teddy Maginnis. The Schuyler
homestead sto^ for many years
near the southwest comer of First
and Madison streets.

The farm of Jan Van Buren ex-
tended from the Schuyler farm to the
north bank of the Wynants Kill.

Among the first of the New Eng-
land people to settle on" the site of
Troy was Benjamin Thurber, who,
about the year 1 786, leased a plat of
ground, on the west side of the River
Road, from Jacob I. Van der Hey den,
and erected on it a small building.
On June 4, 1787, the following adver-
tisement appeared in the Northern
Centinel^ published at Lansingborgh :

"Benjamin Thurber Hereby ac-
quaints the Public that he continues
to sort his New Cash Store, at the
Sign of the Bunch of Grapes, at the
Fork of Hoosick Road, near Jacob
Vanderheyden's, with East, West
India, and European Goods of all
kinds. For which he will receive, in
lieu of Cash, black salts. Shipping
Furs, Wheat, Corn, Rye, Butter,
Cheese, Flax and Flax Seed, Tallow,
Hog's lard, Gammons, Pork, Bees'-
Wax, and old Pewter. He also con-
tinues to receive ashes, as usual, to
supply his new erected Pot and Pearl
Ash factory, and will pearl black
Salts in the best manner on equitable
Terms ; and also will give the highest
Price for black Salts.

** N. B. A number of New French
Muskets for sale at the above store."

In November, 1786, Benjamin Co-
vell, from Providence, R. I., began
merchandising at Ferry Hook, and in
the following year, Samuel Gale, M.
D., from Killingworth, Conn., the
practice of medicine in the new settle-
ment.

In the spring of 1787, Flores
Bancker was employed by Jacob D.
Van der Heyden to survey and plat
out a part of his farm for the site of a
village. *'It was, with a foresight
not always observed, laid out with a
view of its ultimately being a place of
considerable magnitude; and Phila-
delphia, with its regular squares and

rectangular streets, was selected as its
model, by the advice of a gentleman
who had made a then rare visit to that
celebrated city."

Elkanah Watson, in 1788, thus de-
scribed Ashley's Ferry ; so called on
account of Captain Stephen Ashley
having leased the ferry privilege at
Ferry Hook : ' ' On the east side of
the river, at this point, a new town
has been recently laid out, named Van-
derheyden. This place is situated
precisely at the head of navigation on
the Hudson. Several bold and enter-
prising adventurers have already set-
tle'. 1 here ; a number of q^pacious
warehouses and several dwellings
are already erected. It is favorably
situated in reference to the important
and growing trade of Vermont and
Massachusetts; and I believe it not
only bids fair to be a serious thorn in
the side of New City, [Lansingburgh],
but in the issue a fatal rival. I think
Vanderheyden must, from its more
eligible position, attain ultimate as-
cendancy."

On Monday evening, January 5,
1789, the name Troy was given to the
little hamlet. The following an-
nouncement of the action of the peo-
ple of the place was published in the
newspapers of Lansingburgh and Al-
bany:

•• To THE PUBLIC. — This evening
the freeholders of the place lately
known by the name of Vanderhey-
den's or Ashley's Ferry, situated on
the east bank of Hudson's River,
about seven miles above Albany, met
for the purpose of establishing a name
for said place, when by a majority of
voices it was confirmed that in future
it should be called and known by the
name of Troy. From its present im-
proved state, and the yet more pleas-
ing prospect of its popularity arising
from the natural advantages in the
mercantile line, it may not be too
sanguine to expect, at no very distant

period, to see Troy as famous for her
trade and navigation as many of our
first towns. Troy, January 5. 1789."

By "an act to appoint trustees to
take and hold certain lands therein
mentioned," passed by the legislature,
March 25, 1794, Jacob D. Van der
Heyden, Benjamin Covell, Anthony
Goodspeed, John Pease, Ephraim
Morgan, Christopher Hutton. and
Samuel Gale were declared to be the
first trustees of that part of the town
of Tfoy between the Poesten Kill and
Meadow Creek, (a stream emptying
into the river a little north of the
Hoosick Road), and the Hudson and
a line about a half mile eastward of it.

By the act, passed February 6, 1798,
the place was incorporated under the
name of the village of Troy. The
power of levying taxes was reserved
to the vote of the people.

The following observations respect-
ing the growth of the village appeared
in 1800 in the weekly newspaper;
•• It will be sufiicient for us to observe
that fifteen years ago there were in
this village (now comprising some-
what more than a mile square) but
two dwelling houses, and probably
not more than fifteen inhabitants, and
that at the present time it contains
about 300 dwelling houses (independ-
ent of stores, etc.,) and 1,802 inhab-
itants. A population so rapid has,
we believe, but seldom been witnessed
in the United States."

On April 2, 1801, additional power
was granted the trustees, and on
March 3, 1803, they were invested
with certain other rights. By the act
passed April 4, 1806, the village was
divided into four wards, and four trus-
tees were elected to represent the peo-
ple in them.

In 1805, boards bearing the names
of the streets were placed on comer
buildings.

In June, 1806, the village was de-
scribed at no little length in the col-

umns of the Troy Gazette: "The
buildings are chiefly situated in River,
First, Second, and Third streets.

* * * Fourth Street already
contains seveial buildings, * * *
several new and good buildings are
soon to be put up there, as the lots are
taken up and considered very valua-
ble. Fifth Street has but few houses
as yet ; and but few of the lots in
Sixth Street are taken up. The vil-
lage lots were mostly laid out one
hundred and forty feel deep, and fifty
feet front on the streets, running north
and south ; an alley twenty feet wide
separates them in the rear. Six hun-
dred and eight lots are already laid
out on the estate of Jacob D. Van
der Heyden, and several more on the
land farther south."

John Lambert, an English traveller,
in 1807 thus wrote respecting the ap-
pearance of the village : *• Troy is a
well built town, consisting chiefly of
one street of handsome red brick
houses, upwards of a mile and a half
in length. There are two or three
short streets which branch off" from
the main one ; but it is in the latter
[River Street] that all the principal
stores, warehouses and shops are sit-
uated. It also contains several excel-
lent inns and taverns. The houses
are all new and lofty and built with
much taste and simplicity. ♦ * *
The deep red brick, well pointed,
gives the buildings an air of neatness
and cleanliness seldom met with in
old towns The trade which Troy
has opened with the new settlements
to the northward, through the states
of New York and Vermont, as far as
Canada, is very extensive, and in
another twenty years it promises to
rival the old established city of
Albany. Its prosperity is indeed al-
ready looked upon with an eye of jeal-
ousy by the people of the latter place."

In 18 1 5, the population of the vil-
lage had increased to 4,254.

295

On April 12, 1816, the legislature
passed the act making the village a
city and incorporating "the mayor,
recorder, aldermen and commonalty
of the city of Troy." The first char-
ter election was held on Tuesday,
May 14, that year, in the six wards of
the city. The following persons were
elected aldermen : First ward, George
Allen ; assistant, Amos Salisbury ;
second ward, Hugh Peebles; assist-
ant, John Loudon ; third ward. Town-
send McCoun ; assistant, Gurdon
Coming ; fourth ward, Stephen Ross ;
assistant, Henry Mallory ; fifth ward,
Lemuel Hawley ; sixth ward^ Philip
Hart, jr. The governor and council
of appointment of the state of New
York appointed Albert Pawling,
mayor, and William L. Marcy, re-
corder.

In, 1824, there were 991 buildings
within the limits of the city. Pave-
ments were making along the differ-
ent streets, but street lamps had not
yet been placed in them. In 1825,
the population had increased to 7,859.
Sixty-six sloops, tonnage 4,489, were
owned that year by people in Troy.
The commodities shipped that year
from the city were valued at $2,500,-
000. In 1826. the resident ministers
of churches numbered 5, the physi-
cians 12, and the lawyers 31. In 1829,
River Street was paved for the first
time. That year, numbers were
placed on the doors of buildings in
the city, and the first directory was
published.

A correspondent of a popular New
York newspaper thus spoke of the
city and its inhabitants in 1835:
"There is something remarkable in
the character of the people. No mat-
ter where they come from, or what
have been their previous habits, the
moment they become residents of this
place, they are Trojans. They not
only look well to their own individual
interests, but imbibe the same spirit of

enterprise which they find prevailing,
and unite as one man in sustaining
the interests and advancing the pros-
perity of Troy. It is in fact a sort of
community by itself— like Lubec or
Hamburg, or any other of the free
cities of the ancient Hanseatic league,
belonging to the confederacy, it is
true, but always minding the main
chance for itself. Hence, when any
project for the benefit of the town is
started, so its feasibility is* apparent,
there are no bickerings, or jealousies,
or rivalships, or long debates. The
people go to work and do it. So if
any other city or town in the vicinity
commences an enterprise of its own, if
by possibility it can conflict with the
interests of Troy, or give her real or
fancied rivals an advantage over it,
the Trojans are awake in an instant,
and some countervailing project is
undertaken, or some original measure
projected, whereby they can rather
more than sustain themselves in the
race of competition. No sooner, for
instance, had the steamboat monopoly
been broken up by the Supreme
Court, and Albany placed a line of
steamboats upon the river of her own,
than Troy did the same. When a
railroad brought the valley of the Mo-
hawk within an hour's distance from
Albany, Troy united herself with Ver-
mont by the process of Macadam.

* * ♦ At last, though not least,
a railroad having in effect brought the
Ballston and Saratoga health springs
within two hours of Albany, another
railroad brings the same fountains
within an hour and a half of Troy.

* * * They know and feel that
their interests are identified with
those of the city, and in whatever
way the latter is benefited, they read-
ily perceive their own general advant-
age. The fruits of this policy, and
the entire unanimity with which they
act in regard to all matters of profit
and loss, are at this time most evident

296

in the flourishing condition of the
town."

The city, centrally in N. Lat. 42^
43' 50" and E. Long. 3° 21' 45".
is on the east bank of the Hudson and
opposite the villages of West Troy
and Green Island. The river in front
of the city is about 700 feet wide.
The length of the city is about 3f
miles ; bounded on the north by the
village of Lansingburgh, and on the
south by the town of North Greenbush.
Its average width, between the river
and the town of Brunswick on the
east, is about one mile. The long
alluvial plain on which is the most
compactly built part of the city,
is about a half mile wide ; the accliv-
ity of the eastern high hind rising to
a height varying from 200 to 250 feet.

The Poesten Kill, a narrow stream,
has a descent within the limits
of the city of 230 feet, and fur-
nishes considerable power to the
mills and factories on its banks.
The Wynants Kill, entering the
city at Albia and flowing into the
river near the south boundary of the
city, is also valued for its water
power.

The state dam across the Hudson,
between Troy and Green Island, 1,100
feet long, built in 1823, at a cost of
$92,000, to make the Hudson naviga-
ble to Waterford for sloops and canal
boats, feeds the hydraulic canal, at
Canal Street, near the mouth of the
Piscawen Kill, with a valuable head
of water, utilized by a number of
large mills built between the canal
and the river.

The principal thoroughfares are
paved with granite and blue stone.
The streets are commonly sixty feet
wide. The building blocks in the
oldest part of the city were laid out
400 by 280 feet, intersected by alleys.
The sidewalks are either smoothly
flagged or evenly paved s/ith brick.
Elms and other large trees amply

shade them in summer. The resi-
dences of some of the wealthiest peO'
pie are faced with brown stone. Some
of the most attractive buildings are
of brick. The number of frame
dwellings does not exceed those built
of brick.

In less than a century Troy has ac-
quired a population of nearly 70.000.
The present inhabitants of West Troy,
Green Island, Cohoes, Waterford, and
Lansingburgh, in its immediate vi-
cinity, would probably augment the
number to 120,000.

Troy Belting and Supply
Company, Nos. 550 to 554 Fulton
Street, are manufacturers of a superior
quality of oak-tanned leather belting
and dealers in all kinds of manufac-
turers* supplies, fire, factory, and
street hose, steam and power pumps,
injectors and ejectors, iron pipe and
fittings, paper and twine, rubber
goods, steam and water packing, lace
leather and belt hooks, oils, oilers,
and oil tanks, saws and files. The
Troy Belting and Supply Company,
of which T. E. Kenyon is president,
C. E. Wright, vice-president, and W.
H. Kincaid, secretary and treasurer,
assumed its present name by permis-
sion of the Supreme Court, on May 8,
1886. having been incorporated De-
cember 15, 1883, under the name of
The J. LeRoy Pine Company. The
business was begun in 1867, at
No. 510 Fulton Street, by J. LeRoy
Pine and Theodore F. Bamum, under
the firm.name of Pine & Bamum.
In 1870, the firm occupied the lower
part of the building. No. 552 Fulton
Street. On the dissolution of the
firm, in 1877, J. LeRoy Pine con-
tinued the business at the same place
until he was succeeded by the J. Le-
Roy Pine Company in 1884.

Troy Bicycle Club, organized
November 4, 1881, purchased the

297

spacious Coliseum Building, on the
south side of Federal Street, between
Sixth and Eighth streets, in the early
part of 1886. and fitted it for the pur-
poses of the association. The club-
house, built of brick, has a frontage
of 93 feet and a depth of loi feet.
The riding room, adjacent the club-
parlors, i« 80 by 100 feet. The offi-
cers are Robley D. Cook, ptesident ;

Henry I. Seymour, at 171 River
Street. His successors were Taylor,
Seymour, k Co., southwest comer of
Erie and Auburn streets. West Troy,
1854 ; Henry I. Seymour & Co., 1859;
H. I. Seymour, 1864; H. I. Seymour
Chair Manufactory, 187 1 ; Seymour
Chair Company, 1878; The Troy
Chair Company, foimed by George O.
Catlin and George R. Collins, Augpist

TROY BICYCLE CLUB HOUSE.

George R. Collins, vice-president;
H. Robbins Church, secretary; and
Frederick H, Noriis. treasurer.

Troy Chair Company, office
Troy, factory at North Hoosick, manu-
factures chairs, children's carriages,
wagons, sleds, velocipedes, bicycles,
tricycles, and fancy wood work. The
business was begun in 1851, by

6, 1885 ; the factory then being on the
site mentioned in West Troy.

Troy Choral Union, organized
March 26, 1879, ^s the Choral Union
of the Second Presbyterian Church,
incorporated November 9, 1885,
under its pr^ent name, meets on Mon-
day evenings in Association Hall,
Athenseum Building, No. 10 First

Street. John Clatworthy, president;
A. W. Harrington, jr., secretary and
treasurer; J. E. Van Olinda, con-
ductor.

Troy Citizens' Corps, Sixth
Separate (Infantry) Company, N. G. S.
N. Y., was originally mn independent
military organization, formed on Wed-
nesday evening, September 23, 1835.
Several days before its organization
public notice was given requesting
"those persons who had associated
themselves for the purpose of doing
military duty based upon the same
principles as the Albany Burgesses'
Corps/' and those spoken to on the
subject of joining the company to
meet that evening at the Assembly
Rooms of the Troy House, where the
organization of the corps was effected.
The first officers elected were Thomas
Turner, captain; Alfred H. Pierce,
first, Erastus F. Brigham, second,
and Lewis Lyons, third lieutenant.
The corp*s first drill-room wns in the
building on the comer of Second and
River streets. The company, greatly
reduced by the enlistment ot many of
its members in the service of the
United States government during the
civil war, disbanded in 1864.

Captains : Thomas Turner, 1835 ;
Alfred H. Pierce, 1836-47; John S.
Van Schaick, 1848; John H. Whit-
lock, 1849 ; J. M.Warren Jones, 1850 ;
Alfred H. Pierce, 1851 ; J. M. War-
ren Jones, 1852; Alfred H. Pierce,
1853 ; Richard C. Barton, 1 854-56 ;
Edwin D. Blanchard, 1857-58 ; Ham-
ilton L. Shields, 1859-^60 ; George F.
Sims, 1861-64.

The remarkable prestige of the first
corps as a body of citizen soldiery led
to the organization of the present
Citizens* Corps, on Wednesday eve-
ning, November 29, 1876, in the Troy
Vocal Society's room, in Green's
Building, on the southeast comer of
Broadway and Fourth Street. On

January 12, 1877, James W. Cusack
was elected captain, Walter P. Warren
first, Ezra R. Vail second, and LeGrand
C. Cramer, third lieutenant. Hav-
ing been designated the 6th Separate
Company, N. G. S. N. Y., on Febra-
ary 3, that year, the corps was mus-
tered in at the old armory on Tues-
day evening, February 20, by Major
George H, Otis, of Brig. Gen. Alon-
zo Alden's staff. On Tuesday even-
ing. May 15, E. Thompson Gale pre-
sented the corps with a stand of col-
ors, in memory of his son, Alfred de
Forest Gale. The corps made its first
public parade on May 30. On De-
cember 8, the designation, 20th Sepa-
rate Company, N. G. S. N. Y„ was
given the corps. On February 4,
1878, it was changed to that of the
6th Separate Company. The corps'
quarters are in rooms 7, 8 and 9, on
the second floor of the new armory.
The Old Guard of the Citizens' Corps,
organized July 25, 1879, has its quar-
ters on the third floor of the new armory.

Present officers of the Troy Citizens'
Corps : James W. Cusack, captain ;
James L. Thompson, first, George D.
Smith, second, John H. Tupper,
third lieutenant ; Wait H. Stillman,
first sergeant ; Elias P. Mann, quar-
termaster's sergeant ; Isaac F. Handy,
company clerk.

Francis N. Mann, jr., president;
Seymour Van Santvoord, vice-presi-
dent; Fred. F. Bucll, secretary;
Philip F. Vanderheyden, treasurer.

Present officers of the Old Guard :
J. L. Russell, captain ; O. S. Ingram,
first lieutenant; C. W. Tillinghast,
president; Robert W. Hunt, vice-
president; O. S. Ingram, secretary
and treasurer.

Troy City Mantel Company,

manufacturers of slate mantels, furni-
ture tops, bracket-shelves, and toilet
vessels. No. 652 River Street. Organ-
ized, 1880.

800

Troy Club, organized November
27, 1867, purchased its club-house, on
the northwest corner of Second and
Congress streets, December 14. that
year. First officers : Jonas C. Heart t,
president ; E. Thompson Gale, vice-
president; Thomas Buckley, secreta-
ry; Samuel M. Vail, treasurer. Present
officers: E. Thompson Gale, presi-
dent; Walter P. Warren, vice-presi-
dent; John Clatworthy, secretary;
D. W. Ford, treasurer.

Troy Commercial College,
McCreary & Shields, proprietors, No.
13 Third Street, entered on its wide-
ly-known educational career in 1865.
Then named Bryant, Stratton & Fol-
som's Commercial College, the school
was opened in Young's Building, Nos.
8 & 9 First Street ; C. E. HoUenbeck,
resident principal. It began its exist-
ence as a branch of the extensive sys-
tem of commercial schools then re-
cently established in different cities of
the United States. John R. Carnell
became principal of the college in
1867. On April 12, 1871, it was incor-
porated by the legislature as The
Troy Commercial College. In 1872,
it was moved from Young's Building
to the Troy Times Building. Harri-
son B. McCreary and Thomas H.
Shields acquired the direction of its
affairs on May i, 1876. After the fire
in the Times Building, February 10,
1878, the sessions of the school were
conducted in the building, No. 267
River Street. On May i, that year,
the school was moved to Kennedy
Hall, No. 13 Third Street, where in
the suitably furnished rooms of a large
building hundreds of young men and
women are excellently educated to en-
gage in commercial and mercantile
pursuits. The course includes stenog-
raphy, telegraphy and typewriting.

Troy Cornice Works. —

Reardon & Ennis. manufacturers

of galvanized iron cornices, window
caps, bay windows, and ornamental
work. No. 311 River Street.

Troy Deaf Mute Literary
Club meets every Saturday, except
in June, July and August, in St.
Paul's Guild room. W. T. Collins,
president ; James M. Witbeck, secre-
tary ; James C. Ritter, treasurer.

Troy File Works, east side of
Congress Street, Ida HiU, Johnson &
White, proprietors, manufacturers of
hand-cut files, and re-cutters of all
kinds of old files. The firm was
formed by W. Irving Johnson and
Henry White, April 13, 1885. Works
established in 1831.

Troy Fuel-Qas Company,

works No. 405 and 407 River Street,
established in 1886.

Troy Hospital, on the east side
of Eighth Street, opposite Fulton
Street, a large, four-story, brick build-
ing, was erected in 1868. The comer-
stone was laid on Sunday afternoon,
June 28, that year, by the Right Rev.
Bishop Conroy. That of the old
Troy Hospital, on the southwest cor-
ner of Washington and Fifth streets,
was laid by General John E. Wool,
August 15, 1849. (See St. Vincent's
Orphan Asylum.) The hospital is
in charge of Sisters of Charity.

Troy House, L. Collins & Co.,
several connected, lai^e, five-story
buildings, on the east side of First
Street, at its intersection with River
Street, is one of the most popular and
best conducted hotels in the city. As
early as 1 791, the shop of James
Wardwell, a blacksmith, was on its
site. On May I, 1794, he purchased
of Jacob D. Van der Heyden the lot

301

on which, in 1805, ^^ ^^^ public-
house then known as Titus' Inn,
opened by Piatt Titus, who conducted
it until his death, April 30, 1833 ; ^^
having been its keeper "for nearly
thirty years,*' as was mentioned in the
obituary at the time of his decease.

April I, 1885 ; L. Collins k Co., (Lu-
cius Collins and Charles O'Brien)
July I, 1885.

The smaller building in the engrav-
ing represents the original inn first
kept by Piatt Titus. On the fourth
story of the larger building was St.

The succeeding landlords were Archi- John's Hall, in which, from February,
bald Kidd, 1833 ; Andrew Watrous, 1824, to March, 1834, the different
1838; Coleman & Rogers, (Charles S. Masonic organizations in the city met.

..s^HiiOiElU:.

TROY HOUSE, 1 8 24.

Coleman and Charles M. Rogers,)
1845 ; Charles S. Coleman, 1847 ;
closed 1854 and 1855 : Jo^n Van Ar-
num, 1856 ; Charles H. Jones. 1857 ;
Newman W. Taylor, 1874 ; James
W. Stearns, 1875 ; H. W. Stearns,
1877; Benjamin F. Stiles, 1879; Jan-
vrin & Gillis, (L. H. Janvrin and
G. H. Gillis), 1881 ; Colling & Par-
ris, (Lucius Collins and J. J. Parris,)

In 1855, the property was purchased
by The Troy House Association.
The association then renovated, en-
larged, and refurnished the connected
buildings, P'rom 1835 to 1853, the
different railroads had a common ter-
minus in River Street, opjK)site the
Troy House. The different lines of
street cars now pass it.

80d

Troy Hydraulic Company,

incorporated April 15, 1826. Canal,
west side of River Street, and south
of Canal Street. Oliver Boutwell,
president; A. M. Orr, secretary and
treasurer.

Troy Malleable Iron Com-
pany. — The different buildings of
the company's large establishment are
on the east and west sides of Four-
teenth Street, between Marshall and
Christie streets. The company was
incorporated on May i, 1884. Its

niture of stoves, pokers, grate-shakers,
lid-lifters, door knobs and keys ; also
horse-car, carriage and harness hard-
ware, fire engine appendages. The
company also manufactures such spe-
cialties as powder pulverizing balls,
semi-steel fire pots, wheel-barrow
wheels, tin and japan-ware fixtures.
The company also furnishes supplies
to manufacturers of iron safes.

The founders of the works were
George Harrison and William Knight,
who, in 1850, formed the firm of
Knight & Harrison, and that year

TROY MALLEABLE IRON WORKS.

present officers are William A. Grip-
pin, president ; William Sleicher, jr.,
vice-president and general manager;
and Edwin Veghte, secretary and
treasurer. The business of the com-
pany embraces the manufacture of
such refined malleable iron castings as
belong to railroad cars and locomo-
tives, draw-bars or buffers, box-covers,
seat-arms and other work ; also such
parts of agricultural machinery and
implements as are attached to plows,
drills, reapers, mowers, threshers,
hoes and shovels ; also parts of the fur-

built a foundry, twenty-five by eighty
feet, on the northeast comer of Four-
teenth and Marshall streets. In 1854,
E. Warren Paine became a partner,
the firm taking the name of Knight,
Harrison, & Paine. On the with-
drawal of E. Warren Paine, John W.
Paine was admitted a member of the
firm, which did not change its name.
The firm was succeeded, in 1865, by
that of Harrison, Kellog£^ and Co.;
George Harrison, JamesTE. Kellogg,
and John Dunn being the members of
the new firm. In 1869, by the with-

drawal of the latter partner, the other
two members of the firm, under the
name of Harrison & Kellogg, suc-
ceeded to the business. On August i,
i88i, William Sleicher, jr.. William
A. Grippin, and Waldo K. Chase,
having purchased the good-will and
interest of Harrison & Kellc^g in the
business, the former, under the name
of the Troy Malleable Iron Company,
continued in its management until
May I, 1884, when the present com-
pany was incorporated.

Troy Pottery and Sewer
Pipe Company, Carpenter &
Ball, stone-ware manufacturers and
wholesale dealers in Rockingham,
white, and yellow wares, sewer pipe,
drain tile, chimney tops, terra cotta
and ornamental tiles. No. 102 Ferry
Street. The company was formed by
Ira H. Carpenter and C. H. Ball,
September i, 1885. On the site of
of the establishment, John Gifford
began manufacturing stone and earthen
ware about 1804. Subsequently he
andjosiah Chapman, two prominent
Friends, became associated in the
business. They resided in the house
adjoining the pottery, and in this
building, previous to the use of the
meeting-house, on the southwest cor-
ner of Fourth and State streets, in
1806, the Friends sometimes held
their meetings. On the dissolution
of the partnership, Josiah Chapman
continued in the business until he was
succeded by Israel Seymour. His
successors were Walter J. Seymour,
1852; Ihompson & Tyler, (William
Thompson and Isaac Tyler,) 1858 ;
Tyler & Co., (Isaac Tyler and Fred-
erick Wetmore, 1859 '» Walter J. Sey-
mour, 1861 ; Carpenter & Ball, 1885.

Troy Railroad Young Men's
Christian Association. The
first meeting initiating the work of the

Young Men's Christian Association
among the employes of the different
railroad companies whose' roads enter
the city was held at the Union Depot,
November 6, 1880. Addresses were de-
livered by Edwin D. Ingersoll, inter-
national secretary, and other persons.
A number of railroad officials and some
prominent members of different
churches in the city having become
interested in the work, the Troy Rail-
road Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation was organized in December,
1880. A reading-room was opened in
the south part of the depot, and re-
ligious services were held on Sunday
aUemoons in the waiting-rooms of the
New York Central Railroad Com-
pany. A sum exceeding $4,000 hav-
ing been contributed for the erection
of a suitable building for the use of
the association, Theodore Voorhees,
Lewis E. Gurlcy and Joseph De-
Golyer were appointed, in July, 1882,
a building committee. On July 24,
the work of excavating for the foun-
dations of the building was begun on
the plat of ground on the northwest
comer of the alley, north side of
Broadway, between the depot and
Seventh Street. On Tuesday even-
ing, December 19, the attractive build-
ing was formally occupied. The in-
terior is admirably arranged with
offices, parlors, library, reading and
assembly rooms on the first and second
floors. The cost of the building, in-
cluding its furniture, was about $10,-
000; $2,000 having been contributed
by the railroad companies and $5,000
by citizens of Troy, leaving an unpaid
debt of $3,000. About 1,000 vol-
umes are contained in the library.
Present officers ; Theodore Voorhees,
president ; Joseph Crandall, vice-presi-
dent ; Charles A. Nimmo, secretary ;
J. W. A. Cluett, treasurer ; Alexander
Munro, general secretary; Lewis E.
Gurley, chairman of finance com-
mittee.

T. R. R. YOUNG MEN S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING.

305

Troy Scientific Association,

organized October, 1870, incorporated
December. 1874. R. H. Ward, M.
D.. president ; J. W. A. Cluett, first
vice-president; A. M. Wright, M. D.,
second vice-president ; George H. En-
nis, ' corresponding secretary ; Joseph
McKay, recording secretary and treas-
urer. Microscope section : R. H.
Ward, M. D., chairman ; C. £. Hana-
man, secretary and treasurer.

Troy Steel and Iron Com-
pany. — ^A capital of $2,500,000,
buildings to cover the area of a par-
allelogram three-fourths of a mile
long by one-fourth of a mile wide,
employment for three thousand men,
annual amount of wages $1,500,000,
coal required 100,000 tons, capacity
to produce yearly steel rails to track a
road extending from Troy to Chicago,
are in part particulars sufficient to in-
dicate the magnitude of the corpora-
tion's business. The furnaces, facto-
ries, forges, mills, and offices of the
company's extensive works in the
south part of the city have had differ-
ent names given them by former pos-
sessors. The first site within the
present limits of the city selected for
the erection of the buildings of an
iron manufacturing company was on
the banks of the Wynants Kill, which
took its name from Wynant Gerritse
Van der Pocl, who purchased, on Oc-
tober 18, 1674, Pieter Van Woggel-
um's saw-mill, built on the stream by
one of the early Dutch settlers of
Rensselaerswyck. In 1789, David De-.
freest, or De Forest, as the name was
then written, erected a fulling mill on
the north bank of the creek, not far
east of the present iron bridge near
the terminus of the street railway. In
1807. John Brinkerhoff of Albany
built on the site of the mill a nail fac-
tory, which, in 1824, contained " ii
cutting and heading machines." In

1826, Erastus Coming of Albany pur-
chased the factory for $5,280, and
named it

The Albany Nail Factory. He
and John T. Norton, having formed a
partnership under the name of Norton
& Corning, appointed Thomas Tur-
ner, jr., superintendent of the estab-
lishment. In the Troy Directory of
1830 is this description of it :

"Albany Nail Factory, Thomas
Turner, jr., agent, drives 12 cut nail
machines, and during the year ending
April I, 1830, rolled 825 tons of iron,
of which 450 tons were cut into nails,
and 375 tons were for other uses ; it
employs an average of 32 men con-
stantly." On the dissolution of the
firm of Norton & Coming, James
Homer became a partner of Erastus
Coming. In 1838, John F. Winslow
having associated with them, the firm
took the name of Coming, Homer, &
Winslow. The establishment was
then called the

Albany Iron Works. In 1839,
the first puddling or making of
wrought iron from pig-iron was under-
taken at the works. In 1849, the
steam mill, on the south side of the
Wynants Kill, immediately east of
the Bessemer steel works, was built
and put. in operation. The firm of
Corning, Homer', & Winslow was
succeeded by that of Coming, Wins-
low, & Co.; Gilbert C. Davidson, and
Erastus Coming, jr., being admitted
copartners. In 1864, the name of the
firm was changed to Comings & Win-
slow, and in 1867 to Erastus Coming
& Co. The general office of the
works was for many years in the
building on the north side of Mill
Street, immediately east of the ter-
minus of the street railway. On
the north bank of the Wynants
Kill, south of Mill Street, are the
water-mill, the spike, bolt and rivet
factory, the nail factory. Mechanics'
Hall, and other stractures belonging

:£

OS,

o
5s

807

to the comT»any. South of the Wy-
nants Kil' .nd on the west side of the
Greenbusi. oad, are the steam mill,
the Star fo. je, the machine and black-
smith shop, the laboratory, and other
buildings, nearly all of which were
included under the name of The Al-
bany Iron Works.

It was at these works that some of
the iron for the Galena was miide
in i86i. In the month of September,
that year, while John F. Winslow and
John A. Griswold were in Washing-
ton to obtain the money due them by
the United States government for the
plating, C. S. Bushnell, of New Ha-
ven, Conn., acting in the interest of
the distinguished Swedish engineer,
John Ericsson, desired them to exam-
ine his plans and specifications of a
turreted steam battery and to assist
in obtaming from the government a
contract for the construction of one.
Convinced of its effectiveness, they
agreed to enter into a copartnership
with Captain Ericsson and C. S.
Bushnell to construct one should the
government accept (heir proposals.
Secretary Seward, having been called
upon by them, obligingly accompanied
the three gentlemen to the executive
mansion and introduced them to Pres-
ident Lincoln. He was so impressed
with the nature of their appeal to
him to use his influence to further
their overtures to the board of naval
officers, which had some time before
declined to consider the project of
Captain Ericsson, that he is reported
to have said: ** Well, I don't know
much about ships, though I once con-
trived a canal boat, the model of
which is down in the Patent-office,
the great excellence of which was
that it could be run where there was
no water. But I think there is some-
thing in this plan of Ericssqn. I will
tell you what I will do. I will meet
you to-morrow at ten o'clock, at the
office of Commodore Smith, and we
will talk it all over."

At the appointed time and place he
appeared and seated himself upon a
box in the plainly furnished room.
The secretary of the navy and other
officers of the department were pres-
ent. When John F. Winslow had
described the vessel and explained its
action, it is said the president was the
first to speak, saying, " Well. Com-
modore Smith, what do )rou think of
it?" Having heard his somewhat
non-committal reply. President Lin-
coln said : ** Well, I think there is
something in it, as the girl said when
she put her foot in the stocking."
Bidding those present "Good morn-
ing," he passed out the door. Al-
though Commodores Paulding and
Smith signified their willingness to
report favorably on Ericsson's battery,
the third member of the board was
disinclined to yield his consent. It
was not until Captain Ericsson was
pursuaded to go again, to Washington
and to explain the merits of the novel
vessel to Secretary Welles and the
members of the board appointed by
Congress, that a verbal order was
given for the. construction of the bat-
tery. The board made its report Sep-
tember i6, 1861, in which the fea-
tures of the contract were outlined.

As if foreseeing the peril threaten-
ing the wooden war-vessels of the
United States, John A. Griswold and
John F. Winslow, without waiting
to be secured by a written contract
with the government, began making
the necessary preparations for manu-
facturing the iron. The zeal of the
Troy contractors in hastening the pro-
gress of the work is evinced in the
loUowing communication addressed to
Captain Ericsson, dated at the Alba-
ny Iron Works, September 26, 1861 :

"Allow me to ask that you give me
your specification for the plates for
the hulls (lower) boat for the battery
at your earliest convenience, as I want
to prepare the slabs in readiness for

O
m

309

rolling ; the making of the slabs being
the largest part of the operation. I
shall make these hull plates of scrap-
iron, greatly superior in strength and
purity (important when used in salt
water and where corrosion is an im-
portant consideration) to the ordinary
puddled ship-plates. * » »

J. F. WINSLOW."

On October 4, 1861, the contract
was duly signed and sealed. Five days
afterward, John F. Winslow wrote
to Captain Ericsson, saying : "It was
not until I got Mr. Griswold's tele-
gram that all was arranged at Wash-
ington, that I felt sure of having the
contract secuied with the government,
but now that the preliminaries are
settled there will be no delinquency
or delay in getting the materials (at
least the iron portion) forward in
time. One hundred days, and they
short ones, are few enough to do all
that is to be done, yet I have no
doubt that without any unforseen mis-
hap or embarrassment it may be ac-
complished within the time."

The next day he again wrote : "Your
anxiety in the matter is quite natural,
yet time enough to produce the plates
must be had, and I suppose we can do
that as rapidly as any other concern.
* * * I fully realize the import-
ance of saving every hour of time,
and you may rely upon our best
energies to complete the job within
the time of the contract."

Thomas F. Rowland, agent of the
Continental Iron Works, at Green-
point, L. I., was given the construc-
tion of the hull ; the Delamater Iron
Works, New York, the contract for
making the engine, boilers, and ma-
chinery ; and Charles D. DeLancy of
Buffalo, that for the port-stoppers.

The Monitor was launched at Green-
point, on January 30, 1862 ; the one
hundred and first working-day from
the date of the contract. On Sundays-
March 9, that year, the memorable

action between the Monitor and the
Merrimac took place in Hampton
Roads. Five days thereafter the
government made the last payment,
168,750, to the enterprising contract-
ors whose perseverance and industry
gave to the United States in the
darkest period of the war the means
of saving her navy from total destruc-
tion.

During the war a great number of
solid lip railroad chairs, used on the
military railroads in Virginia and
other states in rebellion, were also
made at the works for the govern-
ment.

The Bessemer Steel Works.
When in England, in 1862, Alexander
L. HoUey, of Troy, heard so much
said respecting Henry Bessemer*s dis-
covery of a process by which pig-iron
was decarbonized to convert it into
steel, that on his return to Troy he
induced John A. Griswold and John
F. Winslow to become his partners in
purchasing the American patents of
the distinguished English engineer,
bearing dates of February 12 and of
August 25, 1856. In the summer of
1863, A. L. HoUey went again to
England, where in the following
spring he obtained the right of mak-
ing Bessemer steel in America. The
site selected by AVinslow, Griswold &
HoUey to erect a suitable building for
a 2^ ton plant was that of the flour-
mill built on the bank of the Hudson,
south of the Wynants Kill, by Thom-
as L. Witbeck, in 1796, and to which
he conducted water from the Defreest
fulling mill by a **trunk made of
joice boards and plank." When this
raceway was washed away by a fresh-
et, Elisha Putnam constructed in its
place a conduit of headless barrels
joined end to end, for which improved
flume he obtained a patent December
31, 1816. The first conversion of
iron into steel at the Bessemer works
was accomplished on February 16,

311

1865 ; Crown Point charcoal iron be-
ing used. To test the fitness of Amer-
ican iron for conversion into steel,
Winslow, Griswold,- & Holley wisely
experimented with a number of irons
manufactured in the United States
As there was no recourse at that time
to a chemical analysis of the composi-
tion of the iron sent them, many of
the brands which were tested were as-
sumed to be unsuited for conversion
into steel. ** In the light of our pres-
ent chemical knowledge of the manu-
facture," says a recent wiiter, •* it is
amazing to think of firms sending a
few tons to Wyandotte, Troy, or even
England, to be tried in actual prac-
tice, when a few hours of laboratory
work would have settled the entire
question."

The successful results of the first
manufacturing operations of Winslow,
Griswold, & Holley, induced the firm
to enlarge the works in 1867 with a
five ton plant. At that time John C.
Thompson was superintendent of the
works. Subsequently A. L. Holley
quitted Troy to take charge of the
Pennsylvania Steel Works, at Harris-
burgh, Pa., and John C. Thompson to
become the superintendent of the
Cleveland Rolling Mill Company's es-
tablishment. Under the superintend-
ence of Z. S. Durfee, the latter*s suc-
cessor, it is said, the works had a ca-
pacity of making 40 tons of ingots in
a day. By accident, the roof of the
larger building caught fire October
19, 1868, which almost consumed the
structure and considerably damaged
the machinery. Shortly after Z. S.
t)urfee's resignation, A. L. Holley
took the manag[ement of the works,
which then belonged to John A. Gris-
wold & Co. ; John F. Winslow having
conveyed his interest to the copartners,
John A. Griswold, Erastus Coming,
sr., Chester Griswold, and Erastus
Coming, jr. The first ''blow" in the
reconstructed building was made Jan-

uary 12, 1870. In 1871, A. L. Holley
was succeeded by Barney Mee. On
the latter's death, February 11, 1872,
John C. Thompson, the first superin-
tendent, took charge of the works.
He was succeeded by Robert W.
Hunt, on October i, 1873, who in
turn was succeeded by John Wool
Griswold, May i, 1875, who on Au-
gust I, 1878, was succeeded by C. T.
Arnberg, who still is superintendent.
The laboratory was first in charge of
the distinguished chemist, Dr. August
Wendel, who by assiduous investiga-
tion and careful analyses greatly ad-
vanced the manufacture of the best
qualities of steel in the United States.
The Bessemer works in this city
have the recogaition of being the ex-
perimental as well as the pioneer steel
works in America, and the quality of
the steel manufactured at them bears
the highest reputation in every part
of the country. The Bessemer
works embrace the converting build-
ing, (a ten ton plant,) the melting
house, the blooming mill, the ma-
chine shop, the boiler and engine
house, and other smaller structures.

Rensselaer Iron Works. Le
Grand Cannon, one of the trustees of
the Troy Vulcan Company, on Octo-
ber I, 1845, purchased a number of
lots on the south side of the Poesten
Kill and west of River Street, on
which the Troy Vulcan Company, in
1846, built a rolling mill. The land
on which it was erected was once a
part of the farm early known to the
Dutch settlers by the name of the
Poesten Bowery, and was also a part
of the estate of Teddy Maginnis,
sold to Col. Stephen I. Schuyler, May
28. 1771. for ;^i,8oo.

The Troy Rolling Mill Company
purchased the property, October 15,
1852, and sold it. November i, that
year, to Henry Burden. He convey-
ed it, April 25, i8s3, to the Rensse-
laer Iron Company. John F. Wins-

312

low, on May 29, 1854, bought the
property, and he, in turn, in Decem-
ber, that year, conveyed it to the
Rensselaer Iron Company. In 1858.
John A. Griswold became agent of
the Rensselaer Iron Works, and some
years later they became the property
of John A. Griswold & Co.; John A.
Griswold, Brastus Coming, sr., Ches-
ter Griswold, and Erastus Coming,
jr., comprising the firm. The brick
building on the north side of the Poes-
ten Kill, 100 by 400 feet, known as
the rail-mill, was erected in 1870, un-
der the supervision of George Bab-
cock, then superintendent of the
works. The visitor sees in it the va-
rious processes by which steel blooms
or ingots from the Bessemer works
are made into railroad rails. The
merchant-iron mill, on the south side
of the Poesten Kill, is a brick build-
ing, 125 by 320 feet. Near these two
large mills are the machine shop, the
storage building, and other buildings
belonging to the Troy Steel and Iron
Company.

On March i, 1875, ^7 ^^e consoli-
dation of the interests of Erastus
Coming & Co., and those of John A.
Griswold & Co., the

Albany and Rensselaer Iron
AND Steel Company was formed.
Its officers were Erastus Coming,
president ; Chester Griswold, vice-
president ; Selden E. Marvin, secreta-
ry and treasurer ; James E. Walker,
general manager ; and Robert W.
Hunt, general superintendent. On
July 25, 1885, the articles of incorpo-
ration of the

Troy Steel and Iron Company
were filed ; capital stock, $2,500,000;
Erastus Coming. Le Grand B. Can-
non, Selden E. Marvin, Alexander J.
Leith, H. H. Rogers. Benjamin
Brewster, and Chester Griswold,
trastees. On August 25, that year,
the stockholders elected Chester
Griswold, president ; Erastus Corn-

i;jljl||||ljj|pjp^ m

fhmr

314

ing, vice-president ; Selden E. Mar-
vin, secretary and treasurer ; and
Robert W. Hunt, general superin-
tendent of ttie works. On the organ-
ization of the company, Erastus
Coming conveyed to it Breaker Island
and £e north part of Hillhouse
Island, in the Hudson, opposite the
Bessemer works. On those islands
the company began erecting on Sep-
tember I, 1885, three blast furnaces,
80 feet high, with boshes 18 feet in
diameter. With each furnace three
Whitwell bricked hot-blast stoves will
be connected. The plant will also em-
brace seven blowing engines dischai^-
ing 12,000 cubic feet of air in a min-
ute, driven by steam from 16 Heine
safety boilers. Each furnace will
have a casting house, 150 feet long,
built of brick. The engine house, lo-
cated north of the furnaces, will be a
brick structure 150 feet in length, and
the boiler house adjoining it, 153 feet.
The stock house, constructed of iron,
will be 100 by 300 feet. The wrought
iron chimney of the plant will be 200
feet high. A wharf, 500 feet in length,
will be built along the east side of
Breaker Island. A branch track of
the Delaware and Hudson Canal Com-
pany's railroad has been constructed
from the main road switch, south of
the Albany and West Troy turnpike
bridge, to Breaker Island, for the
transportation of ore and other mate-
rial used by the Troy Steel and Iron
Company. On August 5, 1886, the
company received its new steam ferry-
boat, 90 feet long, to be used to con-
vey cars ladeii with molten iron from
the furnaces on the island across the
river to the Bessemer works, where
by the *' direct process" the iron will
be converted into steel, The plant
on Breaker Island, it is estimated, will
have a capacity of producing 3,150
tons of iron weekly.

In the different buildings of the
extensive works of the company are

7 double and 14 single puddling fur-
naces, 50 heating furnaces, 13 trains
of rolls, and more than 35 steam en-
gines of different sizes. The produc-
tion of the works include steel rails,
steel shapes and sheets, special and
agricultural steels, iron bars, angles,
car-axles, finger-bars, fish-plates,
bolts, nuts, steel and iron boiler rivets,
and steel rails.

The laboratory .of the Bessemer
works is in charge 'of J, M. Sherrerd,
an excellent chemist, who in 188 1 suc-
ceeded Dr. August Wendel, in that
department.

The offices of the Troy Steel and
Iron Company are in its two-story,
brick building, on the southeast cor-
ner of Madison and River streets.
The cars of the street railway, on Sec*
ond Street, cross Madison Street, a
short distance east of the building.

Troy Times Building, on the

northeast comer of Broadway and
Third Street, was erected in 1871.
On Monday, April 29, 1872, the news-
paper was first published in it. On
February 10, 1878, the building was
partly destroyed by fire. (See News-
papers.)

Troy, Town Of.—By an act of

legislature, passed March 18, 1791,
the town of Troy was erected from a
part of the town of Rensselaerswyck.
On Monday, April 4, a town meeting
was held at Ashley's favem, and the
first town officers elected. On March
20, 1807, the territory of the town of
Brunswick and parts of the towns of
Grafton and Lansingburgh were taken
from it. In 1 814, a part of Brunswick
was annexed. In 1836, a part of the
town of Troy was added to the town
of Greenbush.

Troy Turn Verein, organized

August 8, 1852 ; reorganized Septem-

315

ber 30, 1885,' meets on Wednesday
evenings, at Apollo Hall.

Troy Typographical Union
No. 52, organized i860, reorganized
1864, meets on the third Tuesday
evenings of each month in Emmet
HalL Geoi|;e A. Stevens, president ;
Frank O'Brien, vice-president; Cor-
nelins A. Conaty, financial secretary ;
John M. Hall, recording secretary;
William J. Moreland, corresponding
secretary; Henry Coffeen, treasurer.

Northern Budget to the people of
Troy to establish a library. ** How
much to be regretted," the writer re-
marks, '*that in a village which con-
tains 2,000 souls, and whose popula-
tion is rapidly increasing, amid sec-
ular concerns, the establishment of a
public library should have been wholly
ommitted — an institution from which
may be conducted to every door a cor- *
rection of morals and a source of men-
tal improvement." Shortly afterward
a "subscription for the Trojan Li-

TROY TIMES BUILDING.

Troy Vocal Society, organized
1875. meets every Tuesday evening at
No. 265 River Street. William
Irvin, D. D., president ; C. H. Me-
neely, vice-president ; John H. Knox,
secretary ; and Joseph H. Knight,
treasurer.

Troy Young Men's Associa-
tion, Athenaeum Building, east side
of First Street, between River and
State streets. On November 13,
X799, ^^ appeal was made in the

brary" was circulated, and on Tues-
day, January 11, 1800, the organiza-
tion of

The Troy Library was effected
at Jeremiah Pierce's inn. A small
collection of books having been ob-
tained, the library was opened in the
fall iif that year. At a meeting of
the trustees held at Titus' inn, on
March 31, 1809, it was

''Resolved, That the trustees of the
Troy Library sell to Apollo Lodge,
No. 49, twenty-seven shares in said

316

library at $15 each, amounting to
$405, privileging the members (be
they more or less,) of said lodge to
such use of the same as may hereafter
be agreed upon between the trustees
of the said library and the committee
on the part of the said lodge."

The shares were sold, and Apollo
Lodge had thereafter its three senior
officers annually elected trustees of
the library. By the fire of June 20,
1820, some of the books of the li-
brary, then kept in the drug store of
Ira M. Wells, on River §treet, were
burned. In January, 1835, the books
were by a special agreement placed in
the library-room of Ihe Troy Young
Men's Association. In 1845, the
shares of the stockholders of the Troy
Library were given to the association,
which then purchased the twenty-
seven owned by Apollo Lodge,

Presidents of the Troy Library from
1800 to 1826: Rev. Jonas Coe, Aaron
Lane, Nicholas Schuyler, Ebenezer
Jones, Gershom Richards, John Board-
man, Aaron Lane, Gurdon Corning.
Joseph Russell, from 1832 to 1835.

Librarians from 1800 to 1826:
Zephaniah Filer, Samuel Starr, Livy
Stoughton, Isaac Webb. Abraham
Ten Eyck, Henry Stockwell, Ira
M. Wells, Jacob L. Lane, Sidney A.
Redfield.

Troy Young Men's Association.
A course of public lectures during
the winter of 1833-34, having been
largely attended, a second one was
proposed for the following winter.
On November 26, 1834, the following
notice was published in several of the
city newspapers :

** The young men who are in favor
of a public course of lectures this
winter are requested to meet at the
mayor's court-room, on Friday even-
ing next, at 8 o'clock, to make the
necessary arrangements. At the same '
time the expediency of forming a
* Young Men's>^. Association*, will be
''•""ussed."

The meeting, held on November
28, in the court-house, attracted a
large number of those interested in
the organization of an association.
Giles B. Kellogg, Thomas Coleman,
Martin I. Townsend, Ralph Hawley,
and Thaddeus B. Bigelow were ap-
pointed a committee ''to take into
consideration the expediency and prac-
ticability of forming a young men's
association, and report at a subse-
quent meeting." On Friday evening,
December 12, the committee reported
favorably upon the organization of an
association, and submitted a draft of a
constitution for one. A committee
of five persons from each of the first
four wards in the city was then ap-
pointed to obtain signers to the con-
stitution of The Troy Young Men's
Association. On the following Friday
evening, the names of 426 signers
were reported. At that meeting, John
T. McCoun was elected president of
the association. On Wednesday even-
ing, December 22, the other officers
were elected. In January, 1835. the
books of the Troy Library, by special
agreement, were placed in the library-
room of the association, which had
rented rooms on the second floor of
the building. No. 197 River Street.
The two rooms, one in which were
about 100 newspapers, home and for-
eign, on file, the other containing the
library and periodicals, were opened
about the middle of February, that
year. On April 20, that year, the
act was passed by the legislature to
incorporate the Troy Young Men's
Association.

On May i, 1846, the association occu-
pied the rooms, fitted for its use, on
the second floor of the Athenaeum
Building, erected by the Troy Savings
Bank in 1845. In 1851, when the
building was extended to the alley,
the two rooms on the second floor of
the addition were fitted for the library.

The first art exhibition for the
benefit of the association was opened

ATHENiEUM BUILDING.

318

February 18, 1858, and closed March
27. Two other art exhibitions were
held for the same purpose in the two
following winters. In 1859 Ben-
jamin H. Hall and Charles L. Alden
completed a printed catalogue of the
books in the library, which then con-
tained 12,067 volumes. In 1862, Wil-
liam R. Yourt bequeathed l5»ooo to
the association ; and George M. Sel-
den, the same year, gave it railroad
stock, valued at $2,000. In 1870,
Clarence Willard bequeathed $10,000
to the association ; in 1879, Roxanna
A. Loomis, $1,000; and in 1881 F. O.
Mather, about $12,000 ; and on De-
cember 12, 1884, Mrs. Betsey A.
Hart gave it $10,000.

By an act of legislature, passed May
8, 1880, the control, disposal, and
management of the real and personal
property of the association was vested
in a board of twenty-three trustees.
They were empowered to organize
and add to the departments of the
association a free library and a free
reading-room whenever, in their judg-
ment, the condition of the association
and of the trust funds should warrant
such action.

In the winter of 1881-82, E. Thomp-
son Gale, desiring to have the asso-
ciation possess the Athenaeum Build-
ing, circulated a paper on which
the following subscriptions were made:
E. Thompson Gale, $5,000; William
Howard Hart, $5,000; Betsey A.
Hart, $5,000; William and Lewis E.
Gurley, $3,000; Joseph M. Warren,
$2,000; Joseph W. Fuller, $1,500;
Charles W. Tillinghast, $1,000; Uri
Gilbert, $1,000 ; Alphonzo Bills, $500;
John B. Gale, $250; T. W. Lock-
wood, $250; William Kemp, $250;
Willard Gay, $250; Henry C. Lock-
wood, $100; Cicero Price, $100;
George H. Freeman, $100 ; James A.
Eddy, $100; Elias Kehn, $50; total,
$25,450. At the public sale of the
property, on January 21, 1882, the

Athenseum Building was purchased
for $24,500.

In 1884, the interest and income
from the trust funds and the property
of the association having been deemed
sufficient to pay its current expenses,
the trustees determined to make the
library and reading-room free to the
public under certain necessary con-
ditions and restrictions.

Previous to this action, the use of
the rooms beneath those used by the
association, in the rear building, had
been granted to the Free Reading
Room Association. The latter had
its origin in the Holly Tree Inn, open-
ed May 4, 1874, in the building No.
69 Third Street, where a free reading-
room and library were established
that summer. On March 13, 1877,
the Free Reading-Room Association
was incorporated. In April, that
year, the association rented the vacant
common council chamber in the court-
house, where it kept its reading-room
and library until 1878, when the asso-
ciation obtained the use of a part of
the basement of the city-hall. On
September 11, 1877, E. Thompson
Gale, having previously presented the
association with a collection of books
and a suitable case to contain them,
gave it $1,000 in stocks, the income
of which to be applied to purchase
additional books for the alcove; the
several gifts being made by him in
memory of his deceased son, Alfred
deForest Gale. In the event of the
discontinuance of the association, the
the invested funds were to be trans-
ferred to the Troy Young Men's
Association.

On Friday evening, December la,
1884. the Troy Young Men's Asso-
ciation celebrated its semi-centennial
anniversary, in Music Hall. Ben-
jamin H. Hall read an elaborate
monograph of its history, and a number
of speeches were made by other gentle-
men, officers and members. Lewis £.

319

Gurley, president of the Free Reading-
Room Association, formally trans-
ferred to the association the property
of that association, which then ceased
to exist. John S. Cronin, the presi-
dent of the Troy Young Men's Asso-
ciation, then relinquished the direction
of its affairs to the trustees of the in-
stitution.

In February, 1885, the renovation
and refurnishing of the rooms used
by the association and the classified
arrangement of the books of the li-
brary were begun. On the comple-
tion of this work, in the early part of
the following summer, the librarian,
DeWitt Clinton, and the present
assistant librarian, William H. Hen-
derson, made a full title and sub-
ject card-catalogue of the books,
periodicals, and newspapers in the
three library rooms. In the lower
library-room, connected with the read-
ing-room, on the first floor, are works
of fiction, children's books, and the
Alfred deForest Gale Library. About
5.000 volumes are in this part of the
building. In the general library-
room, on the second story, are about
18,000 volumes, of which number
about 500 are those of the Troy
Library, about 2,700 in the Yourt
Library, and about 100 in the Hart
Library. In the room on the third
floor are about 4,000 bound volumes,
chiefly comprising law book^, New
York State and United States govern-
ment publications, and files of Troy
and New York city newspapers. The
total number of bound volumes in the
three library-rooms is about 27,000.
A printed catalogue, designating the
shelf-place of each book, is much
needed to enhance the value of this
excellently arranged library.

Presidents : John T. McCoun, 1835;
Thaddeus B. Bigelow, 1836; Henry
W. Strong, 1837 ; George Gould. 1838;
I. J. Merritt, 1839; James M. Ste-
venson, 1840; Charles H. Read, 1841;

J. L. Van Schoonhoven, 1842 ; Joseph
White, 1843 ; Thomas Coleman, 1844;
John G. Britton, 1845 : William Ha-
gen, 1846 ; Gilbert Robertson, jr.,
1847; Uri Gilbert, 1848; Amos K.
Hadley, 1849: D. B. Cox, 1850; G.
B. Wallace, 1851 ; William Gurley,
1852; George B. Warren, jr., 1853;
William H. Young, 1854 ; Lyman R.
Avery, 1855; William O. Cunning-
ham, 1856; DeWitt Tuthill, 1857;
Charles L. Alden, 1858; Benjamin
H. Hall. 1859; John M. Landon,
i860; Nelson Davenport, 1861 ; A.

B. Fales, 1862; John L. Flagg. 1863;
Chauncey O. Greene, 1864; Charles
A. Holmes, 1865 ; Clarence Willard,
1865; Frederick P.Allen. 1866; Wil-
liam E. Gilbert. 1867 ; Benjamin F.
Follett. 1868; J. Spencer Gamsey,
1869 ; William D. Clegg, 1870-71 ;
E. L. Fursman, 1872; Edward G.
Gilbert, 1873 ; Irving Hayner, 1874;
I. Grant Thompson, 1875 ; Latham

C. Strong, 1876 ; William Shaw, 1877 ;
Justin Kellogg, 1878; Dudley Tib-
bits, 1879 ; Charles R. Defreest. 1880;
Elias P. Mann, 1881 ; Charles W. Til-
linghast, 1882 ; Clarkson C. Schuyler,
M. D., 1883; John S. Cronin, 1884.

President of the board of trustees,
E. Thompson Gale, 1880 to present
time.

Librarians: William Hagen, 1835;
N. B. Milliman, 1841 ; George H.
Ball, 1841 ; John R. Harris. 1842 ;
John H. White, 1844 ; William Rob-
ertson, 1845; Henry P. Filer. "1846;
T. B. Heimstreet, 1864; F. H.
Stevens, 1865 ; DeWitt Clinton, 1875
to present time.

Troy Young Men's Catholic
Literary Association, organized
1859, n^eets on the first and third
Monday evenings of each month at
the association rooms in the building
on the northwest corner of Congress
and First streets. John T. Kelly, presi-
dent ; William Coflfec, recording sec-

320

retary ; William Casey, corresponding
secretary ; John J. Purcell, treasurer ;
John Moran, librarian.

Ti:iiss Manufacturer.—

Thomas P. Bundy, manufacturer
of trusses and specialist in the treat-
ment of hernia, southeast comer of
Broadway and Second Street, began
the business in Troy in 1867.

Twelfth Separate (Infantry)
Company, N. G. S. N. Y.. was
organized December 9, 1884. The
company's quarters are rooms 10, ii
and 12, on the second floor of the
State Armory, on the southeast cor-
ner of Ferry and River streets. Pres-
ent officers: Joseph Egolf, captain ; E.
W. Burrage, first lieutenant; A. W.
Hill, second lieutenant.

Umbrella Factory, Troy.—

Philip Huff, umbrella and parasol
manufacturer, No. 72 Congress Street.
Established, 1876.

Undertaking.—

E. W. Millard, undertaker and
dealer in funeral furnishings, No. 51
Fourth Street. His large collection
of sample burial caskets contained in
his admirably appointed warerooms
embraces those of pine, cedar, chest-
nut, and oak woods, either plainly or
elaborately draped with cloth or velvet
or with both, with or without metallic
ornamentation. Whatever requisites
may be desired for the suitable burial
of the dead, he is able to furnish, be-
sides providing carriages and all other
accompaniments for funerals. He is
also prepared to make interments of
the dead sent to Troy from distant
places, and to provide rooms for fu-
neral services, if needed. Orders can
be transmitted him by telephone at
any time. On February i, 1877, he

engaged in the business at No. 402^
Fulton Street, whence he moved, on
May I, 1881, to his present establish-
ment. No. 51 Fourth Street, between
Broadway and Fulton Street

Underwriters, Troy, Board
of, — Office, room 25, Keenan Build-
ing. Gilbert Geer, jr., president;
J. B. Wilkinson, jr., secretary; Fred.
F. Buell, treasurer.

Unitarian Church, First, is
on the southwest corner of Fourth
and State streets. The Rev. Henry
F. Harrington, pastor of the Unitaiian
Church in Albany, having written
that he would preach in Troy if those
desiring to hear him would secure a
suitable room, William Hagen, George
Wells, and George Cross obtained the
use of the mayor's court-room in the
court-house, in which, on Sunday
afternoon and evening, June i, 1845,
the founders of the church in Troy
attended the first religious services
conducted by a Unitarian minister.
On Friday, June 20, at a meeting held
in the mayor's court-room, Thomas
Coleman, Geoi^e Wells, and George
Cross were appointed an executive
committee to have charge of the
affairs of the congregation statedly
worshiping in the court-house. In
July, a subscription was circulated to
obtain money to purchase a building
in which" regular services could be
held. On August 19, the Presbyterian
session-house, then standing on the
present site of the Grand Central
Theatre, on the west side of Fourth
Street, between Broadway and State
Street, was purchased for $2,500 for
the use of the society. Thomas Cole-
man, Ammi Brewster, Luke Bemis,
George Wells, E. B. Strout, H. Z.
Hayner, A. K. Hadley, George Cross,
and Franklin Cummings were elected
trustees of **The First Unitarian

Sticiety of the city of Troy." On the
afternoon of November 14, the chapel
was dedicated ; the dedicatory sermon
being preached by the Rev. H. F.
Harrington. In the fall of 1846, the
edifice was enlarged. In December,
1874, the building was sold. The
society, having undertaking the erec-
tion of a brick church on the lot on
the southwest comer of Fourth and
State streets, previously occupied by
the Quaker meeting-house, worshiped
in Green's Building, on the southeast
comer of Broadway and Fourth
Street. On Thursday, May 20, 1875,
the corner-stone of the church was
laid. It was dedicated December 15,
that year. Seating capacity, 600.

Pastors: John Pierpont, August,
1845, to August, 1849; William Silsbee;
Joseph Angier, 1 851 to 1853 ; Edgar
Buckingham. April 27. 1853 to 1867 ;
Newton N. Mann, 1869; H. L. Car-
gill, 1871 ; George H. Young. April.
1872, to October. 1876; William H.
Fish, jr.. 1877 to 1885 ; W. H. Spencer,
September i. 1885 to present time.

Universalist Church, First,

west side of Fifth Street, between
Broadway and State Street. The
founders of the society in 1822 at-
tended divine services in the court-
house. On July 2, that year, Plenry
Koon, William McManus, Abraham
L. Lansing, Joseph Weld, James Ad-
ams, Samuel Smith, and Stephen
Wood were elected trustees of the
First Restorationist Church of Troy.
In the spring of 1823, the erection
of a house of worship was begun on
the ease side of the alley on the south
side of Ferry Street, between First
and Second, on lots 110 and 11 1, pur-
chased November 2i. 1829. On
Tuesday, July 29. 1823. the comer-
stone was laid ; the officers and mem-
bers of Apollo Lodge, No. 49. Free
and Accepted Masons, participating
in the ceremonies. In July, 1829,

the society changed its name to The
First Universalist Church of Troy.
On April 4, 1834, the building was
sold to the Second Baptist Society.
It was a plain wooden stmcture, with
a square tower. The building was
bumed December 18. 1854. On
April 29, 1834. the site of the present
church was purchased. The church
erected on it was dedicated September
II, 1835 ; the Rev. J. D. Williamson,
of Albany, preaching the dedicatory
sermon. In 1875, the church was re-
built.

Pastors: Lemuel Willis, 1823;
Barsilla Streeter ; Adolphus Skinner ;
Benjamin Whittemore, 1829-30; L.
L. Saddler ; Clement F. Lefevre,
1832-33: Menzies Raynor, 1836-38;
Lewis C. Browne. 1839; Henry

B. Soule, 1842; Charles C. Burr,
1843-45 ; John Moore, 1846 ; W.
H. Waggoner, 1847-48 ; Josiah

C. Waldo. 1850-54 ; John N. Parker,
1855-61 : James M. Pullman, 1862-
68 : J. Murray Bailey, 1869 ; L. M.
Burrington, 1870-71 ; A. B. Hervey,
1874-78 ; Charles A. Conklin, 1879-
80 ; William Taylor, 1882-84 ; F. A.
Dillingham, 1885 to July, 1886.

U. S. steam Carpet Clean-
ing Works — E. Westervelt. pro-
prietor, Spring Avenue; office. No.
158 Third Street. Established 1876.

U. S., — Uncle Sam. — Among
the early emigrants from the New
England states settling at Troy was
Samuel Wilson, of Mason, New
Hampshire. In February, 1789.
when twenty-two years of age, he and
his brother Ebcnezer tmdged, with
packs on their backs, across the
mountainous country, east of the Up-
per Hudson, to the little settlement.
They, in the following summer, began
making brick on the west side of
Mount Ida, near the intersection of

Sixth and Ferry streets. On March
8. 1793. for an annual ground rent of
thirty shillings, Jacob D. Van der
Heyden leased to Samuel Wilson the
west half of the lot on the northwest
comer of Second and Ferry streets,
where he erected a small frame dwell-
ing. About this time, he and his
brother engaged in the business of
slaughtering cattle. Some years later
they built a large slaughter and pack-
ing house on the north bank of the
Poesten Kill, a little east of River
Street. They employed About one
hundred men, and sometimes slaugh-
tered in a week more than a thousand

by the ^ight of his home. In 18 12.
Samuel and Ebenezer Wilson con-
tracted with Elbert Anderson, jr., to
supply him with beef. **packed in full
bound barrels of white oak," for the
United States troops then stationed at
Greenbush. Some of the soldiers had
enlisted in Troy, and knowine that
Samuel Wilson had furnished the
beef packed in the barrels lettered
U. S., referred to it as *' Uncle Sam's."
Another army contractor having pur-
chased beef from the Wilsons, adver-
tised that he had a large supply of
"Uncle Sam*s beef," of a superior
quality. It soon followed that those

LUDLOW VALVE MANUFACTURING CO'S WORKS.

head of cattle. Samuel Wilson had
naturally a friendly disposition, which,
with his benevolence to the poor, won
for him the esteem and affection of a
large circle of acquaintances. Most
of them familiarly called him ** Uncle
Sam," and this designation was often
used by his own children. It is re-
lated that one of them having wan-
dered away from home, and being
overcome by a sense of forlornness,
was found crying bitterly. Having
been questioned respecting his parent-
age, he answered that he was *' Uncle
Sam's boy." The information suf-
ficed, and he was soon made happy

better informed respecting the ini-
tials, U. S , supposing that "Uncle
Sam" was a more appropriate appel-
lation than Brother Jonathan for the
assumed personality of the United
States, gave it currency as the desig-
nation of those letters.

Valves.—

Ludlow Valve Manufacturing
Company, established its extensive
works near the northern limits of the
city in 1872. On its organization in
1866, the company engaged in the
business at Waterford, in the brick
building on the west/side of Second

Street, near the mouth of the Cham-
plain Canal. Fronting 240 feet on
Second Avenue, (formerly State Street).
Lansingburgh, the plat of ground oc-
cupied by the different buildings of
the present establishment extends
with that width 400 feet east-
wardly to Third Avenue, (formerly
Whipple Avenue.) The company
manufactures gas, water, steam,
and oil valves, check and foot
valves, yard, wash and fire hydrants,
which have not only a wide sale
throughout the United States and
Canada, but many are sent to for-
eign countries. The works are com-
monly designated as located at Nos.
938 to 954 River Street, 'and 67 to
83 Vail Avenue, Troy, which is the
post-office address of the copipany.
Its officers are : Henry G. Ludlow,
president; David J. Johnston, vice-
president; M. D. Schoonmaker, treas-
urer ; John T. Christie, secretary.

Van Schaick Island, opposite
the village of Lansingburgh, is a
mile and a half long and about a half
mile wide. It is within the limits of
the city of Cohoes. Between Van
Schaick Island and Green . Island,
south of it. the second branch of the
Mohawk River flows into the Hudson.
Between the island and Haver Island
north of it, the third branch of the
Mohawk reaches the Hudson. The
old homestead of the Van Schaick
family, built in the last century, is
still standing on the island. Philip
Pietersen Schuyler and a certain
Goosen Gerretsen purchased it from
the Mohawk Indians in 1664. Pre-
vious ' to the construction of the
state dam in the Hudson, the four
branches of the Mohawk were forda-
ble between the adjacent islands at
the confluence of the Mohawk with
the Hudson. The River Road from
Albany to Saratoga (Schuylerville),
ran along the east side of them in the

last century. It was along the River
Road that General Burgoyne with his
British troops and Hessian mercena-
ries proposed to march to Albany.
On August 6, 1777, the confident of-
ficer, then unopposed in his invasion
of Northern New York, wrote to Sir
William Howe, that he was "well for-
ward," and "impatient to gain the
mouth of the Mohawk," but not like-
ly "to be in possession of Albany" be-
fore "the 22d or 23d" of the month.
Gen. Philip Schuyler, in command of
the American troops of the northern
departmlbnt, was slowly retreating to-
ward Albany. On August 18, his
small army, lessened by sickness and
desertions, reached Haver and Van
Schaick islands. No little dismay
and alarm spread through the sur-
rounding country when it became
known that Burgoyne was approach-
ing Albany. Immediately upon the
encampment of the Army of the North
on Haver and Van Schaick islands,
General Schuyler ordered the con-
struction of a formidable line of earth-
works along the northeastern and
northwestern sides of Haver Island
to defend the approaches to the ford
at Half Moon Point, as the site of
Waterford was then called. These
defensive works, thrown up under the
superintendence of the brave Pole,
Thaddeus Kosciusko, chief engineer
of the Army of the North, are still
conspicuous and well-preserved. On
August 20, Major-General Horatio
Gates succeeded General Schuyler,
who had his headquarters in the Van
Schaick homestead. Th6re,''on Aug-
ust 22, General Gates wrote as follows
to General Washington, then in
Bucks County, Pennsylvania :

•*Upon my arrival in this depart-
ment, I found the main body of the
army encamped upon Van Schaick's
Island, which is made by the sprouts
of the Mohawk joining with Hudson
River, nine miles north of Albany. A

824

brigade under Gen. Poor isencamped at
Loudon's Ferry, on the south bank of
the Mohawk River, five miles from
hence ; a brigade under Gen. Lincoln
had joined Gen. Stark at Bennington,
and a brigade under Gen. [Benedict]
Arnold marched the 15th mst to join
Che militia of Tyron County, to raise
the siege of Fort Stanwix. Upon
leaving Philadelphia, the prospect this
way appeared very gloomy, but the
severe checks the enemy have met
with at Bennington and in Tyron
County have given a more pleasing
view to public affairs. Particular ac-
counts of the signal victory gained by
Gen. Stark, and the severe blow Gen.
Herkimer gave Sir John Johnson and
the scalpers under his command have
been transmitted to your excellency by
Gen. Schuyler. I anxiously expect
the arrival of an express from Gen.
Arnold, with an account of the total
defeat of the enemy in that quarter.
By my calculations he reached Fort
Stanwix the day before yesterday.
Cols. Livingston's and Couriland's
regiments arrived yesterday, and im-
mediately joined Gen. Poor's division.
I shall also order Gen. Arnold, upon
his return, to march to that post. I
cannot sufficiently thank your excel-
lency for sending Col. Morgan's corps
to this army. They will be of the
greatest service to it, for until the
late successes this way, I am told the
army were quite panic-struck by the
Indians and their Tory and Canadian
assassins in Indian dresses. Hor-
rible, indeed, have been the cruelties
they have wantonly committed upon
many of the miserable inhabitants,
insomuch that it is now fair for Gen.
Burgoyne, even if the bloody hatchet
he has so barbarously desired should
find its way into his own head. Gov.
Clinton will be here to-day. Upon
his arrival, I shall consult with him
and Gen. Lincoln upon the best plan
to distress, and, I hope, finally to de-

feat the enemy. I am sorry to be
necessitated to acquaint your excel-
lency how neglectfully your orders
have been executed at Springfield —
few of the militia demanded are yet
arrived, but I hear of great numbers
upon the march. Your excellency's
advice in regard to Morgan's corps,
etc., etc., shall be carefully observed.
My scouts and spies inform me that
the enemy's headquarters and main
body are at Saratoga, [Schuylerville],
and that they have lately been repair-
ing the bridges between that place
and Stillwater. As soon as time and
circumstances will admit, I shall send
your excellency a general return of
this army.<» I am, sir, your excel-
lency's most ob't servant,

Horatio Gates."
The Army of the Norih, about
6,000 strong, having been largely re-
inforced and provided with clothing
and ammunition, broke camp on Sep-
tember 8, and marched toward Still-
water, where it arrived the next day.
As is known. General Burgoyne sur-
rendered to Gen. Gates at Schuyler-
ville, then known as Saratoga, on
October 17, 1777.

Varnish Manufacturers.—

De Golyer & Brother, (Joseph
and Watts De Golyer), varnish manu-
facturers. No. 113 Sixth Street. The
business was begun by Joseph De
Golyer in 1847.

Wall Paper.

James F. Ashley & Co., wholesale
and retail dealers in wall-paper and
window shades, art-goods and import-
ed rugs. No. 267 River Street. Wil-
liam T. Smith, the founder of this
long-established paper-hangings house,
began the business in 1835, at No.
265 River Street. His successors, A.
& W. Orr, occupied the building in
1839. William W. Whitman and A.

O. Vosburgh, under the finn name of
Whitman & Vosburgh, succeeded
them in 1859. at No. 267 River Street.
William W. Whitman continued the
business from 1862 to 1877, when Oli-
ver Wemett, who had been engaged
in the same business from 1852, pur-
chased his interest and stock. James
F. Ashley in 1882, and James F.
Ashley & Co. in 1883, became Oliver
Wcmelt's successors.

George J. Brennan, dealer in
wall-paper and window shades, house
decorator, and general painter. No.
62 Congress Street, engaged in busi-
ness in Troy in 1862, with John My-
ers, at No. 97 Third Street, under the
firm name of Myers & Brennan. In
the fall of 1862. George J. Brennan
succeeded to the business. In Febru-

ary, 1866, he and John S. Perry form-
ed the partnership of Perry & Bren-
nan, doing business at No. 66 Con-
gress and No. 97 Third streets. On
the firm's dissolution. May 10, 1873,
George J. Brennan continued the bus-
iness at No. 62 Congress .Street until
February i, 1876, when his son, Wil-
liam H. Brennan became associated
with him as a partner ; the firm taking
the name of George J. Brennan &
Son. Since February i, 1878, George
J. Brennan has conducted the busi-
ness.

Henry Lobdell & Co., wholesale
and retail dealers in wall papers and
window shades, Kennedy Building,
No. 13 Third Street, between River
Street and Broadway. The use of
wall-papers or paper-hangings, as
they are frequently called, for the in-
terior decoration of buildings is now
so common that few houses are with-
out them. Cheap or expensive, as the
buyer's means may purchase, they
give an attractive and finished ap-
pearance to the walls of a parlor,
dining-room, hail or library, which
cannot be obtained except by a heavy
outlay of money for frescoing and
painting. The modern and antique
styles contained in the large stock of
wall-papers of Lobdell & Co. are so
varied in design and so pleasing in
effect that in making a selection of a
particular paper there is a constant
surprise on finding so many harmonies
of colors blended in the different
patterns so richly and artistically
elaborated. The display of window-
shades in the spacious salesroom of
the firm embraces the latest and most
popular designs of the principal manu-
facturers. U nder the name of Henry
Lobdell & Co., the firm engaged in
the business at No. 13 Third Street,
in 1876. Besides being extensive
dealers in paper hangings, paper
borders, and window shades, the firm

employs a corps of skilled decorators
for interior work, for which Lobdell
& Co. have acquired no little distinc-
tion in Troy.

Chauncey D. Bradt, dealer in
wall> paper, and general painter, Nos.
407 and 409 Federal Street, began
business in Troy, in August, 1880.

Washington Square. — The

triangular space, bounded by Broad-
way, Second, and River streets, was
laid out in 1787 as lot 132, on the
map of Vanderheyden, as the site of
Troy was then called. On February
20, 1792, Jacob D. Van der Heyden
leased it to James Spencer, who built
on the southeast corner of the plat a
two-story, brick dwelling. Twenty
years later, on the lot, at the angle of
Albany (Broadway) and River streets,
was a flat-roofed, two-story, frame
building, with a narrow veranda. In
the basement of the house was the
bakery of John Lantrow. On the
first floor weie the apartments of
Madame Kelly, a fashionable milliner.
On the River Street side, and north of
it, was another frame building, in
which was the grocery of Jacob and
Philip Dater. Beyond it, on the cor-
ner of River and Second streets, was
a third, two-story, weather- boarded
building ; the rooms on the first floor
being occupied by a shoemaker, and
those on the second by a tailor. A
street-pump was at the curb of the
sidewalk in front of ihis building.
On July I, 1 81 5, James Spencer sold
his lot and its buildings to Jacob and
Philip Dater for $5,000. Sometime
previous to this conveyance of the
property, a subscription paper had
been circulated, and sufficient money
obtained to make the purchase. By
an agreement, made by certain mer-
chants and other persons owning
buildings in the vicinity, Jacob and

Philip Dater were to convey the lot to
the city of Troy after the removal of
the brick house and the three wooden
buildings on it. On June 5. i8i6,
the Daters conveyed the plat to the
mayor, recorder, aldermen, and com-
monalty of the city of Troy, ** for a
publick street or open common, to be
at all times by them kept open and
unencumbered with any building or
buildings, and for the free and pub-
lick use of the inhabitants of the said
city.** The city, it seems, never ac-
cepted the gift. On September 3,
1818, the common council gave it the
name of Washington Square. Those
who had subscribed money for its pur-
chase defrayed, for many years there-
after, the expenses of improving it.
About the year 1835, a marble foun-
tain, 15 feet high, with three basins,
was erected on it. In 1848, Thomas
W. Lockwood, then a member of the
firm of Lockwood & Orvis, No. 257
River Street, was made treasurer of
the Washington Square fountain fund.
He, in August, 1848, disbursed about
$200 for the repair of the fountain and
the erection of the iron fence now in
the square. On the removal of the
fountain, some years later, Charles L.
Richards planted the trees which are
now within the circular enclosure.

Waste, woolen and cotton. —

Frank B. Graves, wholesale deal-
er in cotton and wool waste, rubber,
iron, and metals, No. 137 River
Street. Frank B. Graves ft Co. en-
gaged in the business in i88c.

John Trautwein, dealer in paper
stock and old metals. No. 137 River
Street, engaged in the business in
1870.

Troy Waste Manufacturing
Company, successors to C. & P. Mc-
Carthy, office, No. 461 River Street ;
mill southeast corner of Saratoga and

337

Courtland streets, Cohoes. Incorpo-
rated February i, 1883. Capital,
$100,000. Officers : Henry A. Mer-
ptt. president ; Peter McCarthy,
treasurer ; Charles Mahoney, secre-
tary.

Watchmakers and Jewelers.

Among the persons to engage in.
this business soon after the village was
called Troy, was Nathaniel Adams.
(See Burden Iron Co.) James
Young, the father of William H.
Young, bookseller and stationer, when
fourteen years of age, came to Troy
in 1796, and entered the former's em-
ploy as an apprentice. In 1809.
James Young became a member of the
firm of Young & Bell, watchmakers
and jewelers, successors to Adams &
Whipple. On its dissolution, not
long afterward, he continued in the
business at No. 165 River Street and
afterward at No. 9 Congress Street,
until 1837, when in consequence of
ill-health, he retired from it.

James W. Cusack, jeweler and
watchmaker. No. 3 Times Building,
continues the business begun by Abra-
ham Fellows, in the year 181 2, in the
building, No. 197 River Street, burn-
ed in the fire of 1820. The latter's
successors were Dennis & Fitch, (Ste-
phen A, Dennis and Djennis A. Fitch)
No. 197 River Street, 1835 ; Dennis
M. Fitch, No. 197 River Street, 1841;
Fitch & Cusack. (Edward Cusack),
No. 200 River Street, 1853 ; James
W. Cusack, under the name of Fi.ch
& Cusack, February i, 1855; James
W. Cusack. February i, 1857 ; James
W. Cusack & Co., (William F. Clen-
dinnen). No. 248 River Street. 1866 ;
James W. Cusack, 1871, who, in 1872,
moved to his present store in the
Times Building. Besides having a
large and complete stock of American
and foreign-made watches, French
glocks, jewelry, precious stones, gold

and silver wares, he largely imports
each season the latest elaborations of
foreign manufacturers.

L. C. Champney, watchmaker and
jeweler. No. 363 Broadway, comer of
Fourth Street. Watch and jewelry
repairing a specialty. In 1846, he be-
came a partner of George Fisher, and
on October 6, that year, succeeded to
the business. The line of succession,
beginning with George Fisher, watch-
maker. No. 21 Congress Street. 1838,
was connectedly. Fay & Fisher, No.
13 Congress Street, 1841 ; George
Fisher & Co., 1842; George Fisher.
1844 ; Fisher & Champney. 1846 :
Lewis C. Champney, October 6. 1846;
at 4 Cannon Place, in 1855 ; at No.
5 Albany Street. 1857 ; Champney &
Felton, No. 19 Franklin Street, 1859 ;
broken in i86o and 1861 ; L. C.
Champney. No. 12 Third Street,
1862 ; at No. 344 River Street. 1863 ;
at No. 412 Fulton Street, 1868 ; at
No. 358 Broadway, 1870 ; L. C.
Champney & Co., 1875 ; L. C.
Champney, 1878 ; at No. 363 Broad-
way, 1880.

Emanuel Marks, watchmaker and
jeweler. No. 282 River Street, en-
gaged in the business in 1854, at No.
88 Congress Street.

William Platt, jeweler and
watchmaker. No. 268 River Street,
began business in 1859, ^^ ^^* 268^
River Street.

P. H. Salmson, manufacturer of
jewelry and dealer in watches, dia-
monds, jewelry, and silver ware. No.
270 River Street, engaged in the bus-
iness. September, 1859, <^^ ^^^ second
floor of the building on the northeast
comer of River and State streets.

M. Timpane, watchmaker and jew-
eler. No. 302 River Street, with Hen-
ry W Sherrill, under the firm-name
of Timpane & Sherrill, succeeded in

i874* to the business established by
Thomas Goldsmith in 1842, at No.
242 River Street. Since 1875, ^e has
individually conducted the business.

Andrew Aird, jeweler and watch-
maker, 4 Mansion House Block, en-
gaged in the business in 1875.

Samuel C. Tappin, jeweler and
watchmaker, No. 286 River Street,
began business at the same place in
1877. His goods of foreign manufac-
ture are obtained by direct importa-
tion.

F. W. Sim, (successor to Thomas
Goldsmith,) jeweler, watchmaker, and
optician. No. 246 River Street. From
1875 to 1885 he was in the em-
ploy ef Thomas Goldsmith, who, in
September, 1875, re-engaged in the
business, at No. 236 River Street,
and in which he continued until Feb-
ruary 1, 1885, when he sold his intere^t
and stock to F, W. Sim. On May i,
1886, the latter occupied his present
store. No. 246 River Street. (See
Addenda.)

Rappaport & BoNTECOU, watch-
makers and jewelers. No. 236 River
Street. The firm's attractive and valu-
able stock includes gold and silver
watches of home and foreign manufac-
ture, French and American clocks,
plain and artistic jewelry, precious
stones of all kinds, solid and plated
silver ware, bronzes, spectacles, opera
glasses, and specialties for wedding
presents. The firm was formed May
I, 1886. Markus W. Rappaport, an
experienced watchmaker from Lem-
berg, Austria, entered the employ of
Thomas Goldsmith in 1875, and took
charge of his watch-making and re-
pairing department. The latter sold
the former his interest in this part
of the business in February, 1885.
D. Frank Bontecou was, from 1869 to
1877, in the employ of A. Rumrill &
Co., the well-known firm of jewelers,

on Broadway, New York, and with
their successors, Jaques & Marcus,
on the southwest corner of Union
Square and 17th Street, from 1877 to
1880. In each of the two depart-
ments of their business, the jewelry,
and the watch-making and repairirg,
the members of the firm have, boih
by experience and skilled attainments,
the qualifications desirable for their
continued success in the business.

DoRiNG Brothers, dealers in
watches, clocks, jewelry, and musical
instruments, southwest corner of Ful-
ton and Fourth streets. Charles F.
and Joseph C. Doring formed the
firm, September 16, 1882.

Waterford. — The village of
Waterford, at the extreme southeast
corner of Saratoga County, ibfour and
a quarter miles from the court-house
in Troy. Its site was a part of the
territory possessed by the Mohawk
Indians. They called it Mathahe-
naack. On May 27, 1664, Philip
Pietersen Schuyler and a certain Goo-
sen Gerretsen, residents of the village
of Beavers wyck, (Albany), addressed
a petition to the director-general and
council of New Netherland, requesting
permission to purchase from the Ma-
hikanders "a'certain plain, called by
the Dutch the Half Moon, situate at
the third or fourth mouih of the
Mohawk River, with an island be-
tween the second and third mouth."
Some of the ** English of Conneti-
kot " desired to bay the land, but the
Indian proprietors preferred to lell it
to the petitioners, and the latter wished
to possess it* 'to keep the English
away from this river." Pieter Stuy ve-
sant, the Dutch director-general, and
the members of his council consent-
ed, July 10, that year, to the request,
on the condition that if the land
should thereafter be found to be with-
in the limits' of Rensselaersvryck,

329

that the petitioners should acknowl-
edge the ownership and jurisdiction
of the patroon of the manor. The
•'foreland of the Half Moon," the site
of the village, was immediately south
of the north line of the great estate of
the Van Rensselaer family. On Oc-
tober ID, 1680, Roeloff Gerritse Van
der Werken purchased the foreland.
John I. Van der Werken, of Half
Moon, on May 16, 1783, sold it for
;^i,ooo to Jacobus Van Schoonhoven.
of the same place, George Palmer and
Daniel Dickison of Stillwater, Gideon
Morgan of Litchfield County, Con-
necticut, Ezra Hicock of Sheffield *'in
the stale of Massachusetts Bay," and
Isaac Averill of Kings District in Al-
bany County. A half morgen of land,
which included ''the burying-ground
on the said farm," was excepted in the
conveyance of the land. The six
purchasers employed Flores Bancker
to lay out the property into village
lots. The place which had for some
years been called Half Moon Point,
was then given the name of Water-
ford. This designation was deemed
appropriate, for the Hudson an 'I
fourth branch of the Mohawk were
fordable at its site. By the "act to ap-
point trustees to take and hold certain
lands therein mentioned," passed by
the legislature, March 25, 1794,
Hezekiah Ketcham, Jacobus Van
Schoonhoven, Matthew Gregory, Isaac
Keeler, John Pettit, Duncan Oli-
phant, and Thomas Smith were ap-
pointed *• trustees for the freeholders
and inhabitants of that part of the
town of Half Moon commonly called
Waterford." By this act ofJ incorpo-
ration, the freeholders and inhtibitants
were authorized to make such rules
and regulations necessary for " the
cleaning and keeping in order and re-
pair the common streets and highways
in Waterford," and **to compel the
housekeepers" in the village **to fur-
nish themselves with a sufficient num-

ber of flre-buckets and with necessary
tools and implements /or extinguish-
ing of fires." and to appoint a number
of men, not exceeding fifteen, to have
the care of the engine or engines be-
longing to the freeholders.

The opening of the bridge, between
the village and Lansingburgh, De-
cember 3, 1804, was enthusiastically
celebrated by the people of the two
places. While cannon were fired, a
large procession marched from Lan-
singburgh across the bridge to Water-
ford, where a dinner was served at the
expense of the bridge directors. ** It
is with much pleasure," the Waterford
Gazette remarked, ** we announce the
completion of the bridge at this place,
which for architectural strength and
beauty exceeds, perhaps, anything of
the kind in the United States. On
examination, it will be found that its
symmetry is just in all its parts, which
reflects the highest honor on the en-
gineer, Mr. Theodore Burr." The
bridge was 800 feet long and 30 wide,
having four arches, supported by three
stone pillars and two stone butments.
Cost. $50,000.

The village is described in Spafford's
Gazetteer of the state of New York of
1813: Waterford. four miles north
of Troy, •' is the most populous town
in the county [Saratoga], and has by
far the most trade. » » ♦ The
Hudson, however, can hardly be called
navigable to this place at present,
and its trade is principally carried on
in flat-bottomed boats, scow-built, and
rigged with sails. * * » The vil-
lage is handsomely laid out on 5 E.
and W. streets, intersected by others
at right angles. There are now rgo
houses and stores, a large proportion
of which are of brick, two houses of
worship and some other buildings.
* * * Just at the point, a rolling
dam is thrown across the Mohawk,
which supplies some mills. » * »
Since the above was written, I learn

330

that a wharf 320 yards in length was
constructed in 181 2, at great expense
and labor, together with a canal chan-
nel extending along it to the channel
of the Hudson. The wharf leads
from the point into the Hudson, on an
angle of about 45®, inclining down-
wards."

The present bridge, between the
village and Lansingburgh, was built
in 1 812-14, at a cost of |20,ooo.

In 1819. Mrs. Emma Wil lard opened
a girls* school in the vacant building,
previously Samuel Demarest*s tavern,
on the site of the Morgan House, on
Broad Street, which she conducted until
she moved to Troy in 1821. and estab-
lished there the Troy Female Seminary.
The village, in 1824, contained about
9CX> inhabitants. Two churches, a
brick school-house, a girls' academy,
a public building, called Mechanics'
Hall, and about 200 houses were
within its corporate limits. On the
completion of the Champlain Canal,
in 1823, the village began to enlarge
its business interests, and a number of
manufactories were established there
shortly afterward. The construction
of the state dam at Troy greatly im-
proved the navigation of the Hudson
between it and Waterford. In 1828-
29, the canal along the west side of
the north branch of the Mohawk was
designed and constructed by John F.
King, from Coleraine, Mass. In
1 83 1, it was extended from the site
of J. M. King & Co.'s die works
to its present termination. In 1836,
the village contained four churches,
two academies, a lyceum, where
monthly lectures were given on moral,
literary, and scientific subjects, a
printing office from which a weekly
paper was issued, four flouring mills,
a twine factory, an ink manufactory,
two large machine shops, two foun-
dries, a cotton-cloth factory, a tan-
nery, three saw-mills, a plaster and
cement mill, nineteen stores, eight

taverns, a slaughtering establishment
in which, in 1835, 5,217 barrels of
beef were packed, a bank, and about
200 dwellings.

On Saturday afternoon, July 11,
1 84 1, about 4 o'clock, a stable in the
rear of the Episcopal Church, on the
west side of Third Street, between
Broad and Middle streets, was dis-
covered on fire. A stiff breeze, blow-
ing from the northwest, carried sparks
and flaming brands across Third,
Second, and Broad streets. The vil-
lage firemen, with their hand-engine,
were incapable to oppose with success
the spreading flames. Cohoes, Lan-
singburgh, Troy, and West Troy
firemen, with nine engines, came as
quickly as possibly to aid in suppress-
ing them. About six o'clock, that
evening, the fire was under control.
Besides the Episcopal Church, 28
stores, 30 dwellings and 70 other
buildings were burned ; the greater
number having been on the cast and
west sides of Third and Second
Streets, between Broad and Middle
streets, and on the south and north
sides of Broad Street, between Third
and First Streets. The loss was esti-
mated to be about $150,000. The
spectacle of the furniture-filled side-
walks, the working firemen, the ex-
cited householders, the flaming build-
ings, and thronging spectators is still
vivid in the memories of the older
people of the village.

The Saratoga County Bank was in-
corporated May 29, 1830, with a capi-
tal stock of $100,000. On July 14.
that year, the directors elected John
Knickerbacker president, and Jona-
than H. Douglass cashier. The bank
began business in a building immedi-
ately east of one on the northeast
corner of Broad nnd Second streets.
Both were burned in the fire of 1841.
The books, papers, and money were
safely removed from the bank. The
present bank building, on the north-

331

east comer of Broad and Second
streets, was erected after the fire. In
May, 1865, the bank was reorganized
under the national banking laws. In
1 871, it again became a state bank.
On the night of October 13. 1872,
it was robbed by a number of
masked men. They first gained en-
trance to the dwelling of the cashier,
D. M. Van Hoevenburgh. Having
gagged and bound him and the mem-
bers of his family, the robbers com-
pelled him to unlock the bank vault,
from which they took papers and
money valued at about $300,000. By
compromise some of the papers were
returned. The bank discontinued
business in 1885.

The comer-stone of the town-hall
was laid September 16, 1873.

Eight newspapers have been pub-
lished in Waterford. The Waterford
Gazette^ first published by Horace H.
Wadsworth, was issued on Tuesday,
October 27, 1801. It was discon-
tinued in 1816. Waterford Reporter^
William L. Fisk. 1822. Anti-Masonic
Recorder, J. C. Johnson, 1830. IVa-
terford Atlas, W. Hollands & Co..
December, 1832. In 1834, the name
was changed to the Waierford Afias
and Manufacturers t Mechanics^ and
Farmers' JoumaL Its publication
was shortly afterward discontinued.
The Democratic Champion, H. Wil-
bur, 1840. The Waterford Sentinel,
Andrew Hoffman, May 18, 1850. In
1658, it was sold to J. H. Masten ;
afterward to William T. Baker; in

1870, to Hay ward & Palmateer; in

1871, to S. A. Hathaway. In April,

1872, R. D. Palmateer began the
publication of The Waterford Adver-
tiser, In July, 1873, he purchased
the Sentinel, the publication of which
was then discontinued. Since Octo-
ber I, 1882, the Advertiser has been
published by Palmateer & Smith, at
No. 34 Fourth Street. '

in 1886, the village began to be

supplied with water by the Water-
ford Water Works Company, formed
in 1885.

West Waterford, a station on the
Delaware & Hudson Canal Company's
railroad, is immediately west of the
Champlain canal, the west boundary
of the village of Waterford. The
former has a population of about
450. Dial (or Doyle) City is the
name of the collection of houses,
south of the Champlain canal, about
the intersection of South and Sixth
streets. Population, about 375. Be-
tween West Waterford and the Mo-
hawk river, opposite Cohoes, is the
village called Northside. Population,
about 76a

Population of Waterford in 1880,
1.822.

There are four churches in the village.
The first church erected in the place
was that of the Reformed Protestant
Dutch congregation, built in 1799, ^"^
the southwest comer of Third and
Middle streets. It is said that the
material was that of the first meeting-
house erected, about the time of the
revolutionary war, by the same con-
gregation, a mile and a half north of
the village. The elders and deacons
of the Reformed Protestant Dutch
Church in Half Moon were incorpo-
rated, January 10, 1789. At the be-
ginning of this century, the Presby-
terian congregation worshiped in the
church. The congregation of the
Dutch Church having become dis-
organized, the building was sold in
1876, and removed.

Grace, Episcopal, Church, is on the
west side of Third Street, between
Middle and Broad Streets. On the
institution of the Rev. David Butler,
rector of St. Paul's parish, Troy, and
of Trinity, Lansingburgh, in iSo6,he
conducted every Sunday one service
in Troy and one in Lansingburgh,
except on every fourth Sunday, when
he officiated in Waterford. The or-

832

ganization of Grace Church was effect-
ed, September 17, iSio, by the elec-
tion of its first wardens and vestry-
men, who were that day incorporated
as such of Grace Church. On July i,
181 1, the congregation purchased the
Methodist meeting-house, standing on
the site of the present church. Hav-
ing been refitted, the building was
consecrated August 30, 1813. It was
burned in the fire of 1841. The
present brick building, erected shortly
afterward, was enlarged and refitted
in 1865.

First Presbyterian Church, on
the southeast corner of Third and
Division streets. About the close of
the last century, the Presbyterians in
the village organized themselves into
a congregation, and for a time wor-
shiped with the members of the Re-
formed Protestant Dutch Church in
their meeting-house. By invitation of
the congregation of the First Presby-
terian Church of Lansingburgh, the
Presbyterians of Waterlord united
with the former in calling the Rev.
Samuel Blatchford, who was installed
pastor of the two churches, July 18,
1804, and which he served 24 years.
From 1804 to 1826, the congregation
held its services in the Dutch Church.
In January, 1826, the use of Classic
Hall, on First Street, was obtained,
in which the congregation worshiped
until the present church was erected.
In September, 1826, the building was
dedicated. In the fall of 1865, the
work of enlarging and refitting it was
begun. On the evening of May 10,
1866, the church was re-dedicated.

First Baptist Church is on the
east side of Third Street, between
Middle and Broad streets. The so-
ciety was organized in 1821, and wor-
shiped for many years in the village
school-house. In 1842, the first
meeting-house, built of brick, was
erected on the site of the present

church. In 1867, it was enlarged and
refitted.

Methodist Episcopal Church,
is on the east side of Third Street,
between Middle and South streets.
About the beginning of the century
the Methodists built a meeting-house
on the west side of Third Street, be-
tween Middle and Broad streets. On
July I, 1811, it was sold to the con-
gregation of Grace Episcopal Church.
The first appointment for Waterford
was made in 1830. Not long after-
ward the congregation built the second
meeting-house.

St. Mary's Roman Catholic
Church is on the east side of Sixth
Street, in West Waerford.

There are only a few manufacturing
establishments in Waterford. The
greater number are outside the village
limits, in Dial City, and along King's
Canal, and at Northside.

Button Fire Engine Company,
Holroyd & Co., manufacturers ot
steam and hand fire-engines, hose car-
riages and carts, fire apparatus, and
power pumps. Third Street, near the
Champiain Canal. The construction
and mechanism of the well-known
Button fire-engines have given them a
marked superiority over all others
made in this country. Durable, pow-
erful in action, operating without vi-
bration, they embody aU those excel-
lencies desirable in first-class fire-
engines. The inventor, Lysander
Button, began manufacturing them on
Decembers, 1834, at his engine works
on King's Canal. His successors
were L. Button & Co.. (N. B. Doe) ;
L. Button, 1856; Button & Blake,
(Robert Blake,) 1858; L. Button,
1863; L. Button & Son, (T. E. But-
ton,) 1870; and Holroyd & Co.,
(James, William, and George E. Hol-
royd,) July, 1882. In 1850^ the works
on Third Street were occupied. Dur-

ing the past half-century, the Button
fire-engines, with their notable im-
provemeiits have acquired a rare dis-
tinction for their effectiveness and
attractive workmanship wherever they
have been used in the United States,
Canada, South America, and Europe.

makes a specialty of sawing thin lum-
ber, one-eighth, three-sixteenth, and
one-quarter of an inch in thick-
ness, from the largest and choicest
pine logs brought from Michigan.
Some of the logs are 90 feet long and
from 20 to 40 inches in diameter.

BrTTON FIRE ENGINE COMPANY S WORKS.

Waterford Sawing Mills, Wil-
liam Burtons' Sons, sawers and deal-
ers in mahogany and fancy woods,
picture and looking-glass backs, 'cigar-
box wood, brush blocks and veneers,
pine, oak. and chestnut bill timber,
(Dial City), south side of Champlain
Canal. The woods sawed are mostly
imported ones. Mahogany and cedar
from Mexico and the West Indies:
rosewood from Brazil, and satinwood
from San Domingo. Cigar box lum-
ber is manufactured from Spanish
cedar, and from various imitations of
it made from domestic woods. Red
cedar froiln Florida is sawed for cab-
inet work and wardrobes. The firm

The thin pine is used for a variety of
purposes; looking glass and picture
backs, pattern lumber, and fancy boxes.
The business was begun in Cohoes,
in 1835, by Hawes & Goodwin, who,
in 1836, were succeeded by Hawes &
Baker, which firm, in 1838, sold their
mill to Levi Silliman. In 1840, Wil-
liam Burton, the father of William
E. and Benjamin P. Burton, the mem-
bers of the present firm, made Cohoes
his residence, and therewith John M.
Tremain, engaged in the business.
In 1844, William Burton purchased
his partner's interest, and the ma-
chinery and good-will of Levi Silli-
man. The firm of William Burton &

334

Co., (James Burton) was then formed
and a veneer and saw-mill erected by
it, on the east side of Erie Street.
Some years later, William Barton
succeeded to the business, and in 1872
moved to Waterford and purchased
the saw-mill on the site of the present
one. The firm of William Burton's
Sons was formed May i, 188 1. Its
business is extensive and widely
known.

Stocks and Dies. J. M. King &
Co., manufacturers of button pliers,
stocks, and dies, taper, plug, and pipe
taps, and reamers. King's Canal. The
works were established in 1829 by
Daniel B. King. The firm of J. M.
King & Co. was formed in 1849. ^^
the decease of J. M. King in 1871,
Mary E. Daniels inherited his interest
in the business. Thomas Breslin, a
member of the present firm, was ad-
mitted July I, 1867.

Holroyd & Co., manufacturers of
stocks and dies, taper, plug, and pipe
taps for machinists, blacksmiths, and
gas-fitters, King's Canal. The first
works were built in 1847 by James
Holroyd. In 1864, the present estab-
lishment was erected. About thirty
workmen are employed. The mem-
bers of the firm are James, William,
and George E. Holroyd.

Gage Machine Works. George
Gage, manufacturer of knitting, brush,
and papermill machinery, lathes,
steam engines, shafting, pulleys, and
other gearing, King's Canal. He
established the works on the canal in
1834, having made Waterford his
residence, June 15, 1829. John E.
Gage is superintendent of the works.

Hudson Valley Knitting Com-
pany's mill, on the noitheast corner
of Hudson and Fifth streets, was in
part originally the flouring mill of
Townsend M.yail& Sons. Dows, Hol-
royd, & Safely, in 1871, refitted it for

a knitting mill. The Hudson Valley
Knitting Company, incorporated No-
vember 8, 1877 ; E, W. Scott, presi-
dent; Francis A. Fales, treasurer;
John Consalus, George W. Chapman,
and K. B. Dowsley, purchased thq
property in 1877. The company runs
seven sets of cards, employs about 125
operatives, and manufactures men,
women, and children's fine underwear,
white and colored.

Massasoit Knitting Mills. Ed-
ward G. Munson, manufacturer of
men, women, and children's seam-
knitted, white underwear, at the north
side of the Mohawk River, opposite
the state dam, at Cohoes. The mills
are on the site of the Shatemuck
Flouring Mills, burned July 26, 1869.
The Munson Manufacturinc; Com-
pany was formed in Februaiy, 1872,
by Garry Munson, (deceased, 1883,)
Edward G. Munson, George Camp-
bell, and John Clute. The present
proprietor, Edward G. Munson, em-
ploys 125 operatives and runs seven
sets of machinery. Post-office address,
Cohoes, N. Y.

Diamond Knitting Mills, J. W.
Himes, manufacturer of men and
women's wjiite and scarlet, high grade,
knit underwear, between the north
branch of the Mohawk River and the
Champlain Canal, Northside. In
1868, ne engaged in the business in
Cohoes, and established there the
Diamond Knitting Mills, on the west
side of Remsen Street. In January,
1870, he and A. C. Vail formed the
firm of Himes and Vail. They pur-
chased, in 1878, the House and Fulton
Flour Mill property on the north side
of the Mohawk River, near the state
dam, and erected there the present
Diamond Mills. Since the dissolu-
tion of the firm in 1883, J. W." Himes
has continued the manufacture of knit
goods, employing about 250 opera-
tives. His post-office address is Co-

835

hoes, N. Y. He sells his goods direct
to the trade.

Waterford Knitting Company,
manufaclurers of scarlet, knit under-
wear, King's Canal. J. W. Himes,
president; Thomas Breslin, treasurer ;
M. E. Daniels, secretary. The com-
pany was formed January, 1886, and
refitted the Rock Island Flouring
Mills, previously owned by J. B. Enos
& Co., erected about the year 1863.
The company employs about 80
operatives. Its goods are sold direct
to the trade from the Diamond Mills.

Mohawk and Hudson Paper
Mill, Frank Gilbert proprietor and
manufacturer of printing paper.
King's Canal. In 1872, the Mohawk
and Hudson Paper Company began
manufacturing paper on the site of the
present mill. In 1876, Frank Gil-
bert, one of the members of the com-
pany, purchased its interest. Six tons
of printing paper are made daily at
the mill, in which 45 men are employ-
ed. The firm of Gilbert & Bell (F.
H. Bell,) has a pulp-mill, on Saratoga
Street, Cohoes, near the street-railway
bridge across the Champlain Canal.

The works of the Mohawk & Hud-
son Manufacturing Company are in
Dial City, south of the Champlain
Canal. A lampblack factory, and
three more knitting mills are to be
included in the number of Waterford's
manufactories.

Water Works, Troy.— About
the beginning of the century the vil-
lage was supplied with water by the
Aqueduct Water Works, through
wooden pipes from a spring on the
western declivity of Mount Ida, east
of Liberty Street. On July i, i8o6,
an ordinance was passed by the vil-
lage trustees **to preserve the unne-
cessary waste of water" brought to
the village by " the aqueducts."

An act **to incorporate the pro-
prietors of the Earthem Conduit Com-
pany of Troy," was passed by the
legislature, June 16, 1812. By the
•* act to incorporate the proprietors of
the Conduit Company of Troy," passed
April 13, 1814, the company was per-
mitted to use cast-iron pipes ; the man-
ufacture of which had been begun
about that time at Salisbury, Conn.

The act incorporating the Troy
Water Works was passed April 18,
1829 ; the stock was not to exceed
$250,000. By the act passed, March
20, 1832, the company was permitted to
sell its property to the city. It was
conveyed, and the construction of a
series of reservoirs was begun in the
spring of 1833, on the Piscawen Kill,
where now is the distributing reser-
voir, west of Oakwood Avenue. The
aggregate capacity of the several res-
ervoirs was 1,009,359 gallons. In
1843 and 18^3, other reservoirs were
constructed fiong the Piscawen Kill,
west and east of Oakwood Avenue.
The total cost of the Troy Water
Works, March I, 1848, was $160,496,-
37. There were then 59.497 feet of
pipes distributing water through the
city.

By the act, passed March 9. 1855,
Harvey Smith, William F. Sage,
Thomas Symonds, Joseph M. Warren,
and Liberty Gilbert were appointed
by the legislature water commissioners
of Troy. Their successors were to
be elected by a vote of two-thirds of
the members of the common council.
In 1859-60, 1862, 1868, and 1869,
other reservoirs were constructed. In
1 86 1, a force pump was placed in a
building near the state-dam to pump
water from the river into the mains.
The machinery was afterward suc-
cessively moved to buildings on the
hydraulic canal, south of the former
station, and water pumped from the
canal to supply in part the city.

On March 19, 1879, ^ P^^^ of ground

336

was purchased of J. Lansing Van
Schoonhoven for $9,000, on the north-
west corner of State and Washington
streets, in Lansingburgh. From its
frontage of 300 feet on State Street it
extends westward 450 feet to low-water
mark on the bank of the Hudson.
A contract was made with the Holly
Manufacturing Company of Lockport,
N. Y., on May 7, 1879, ^or **two sets
of pumping engines and boilers with
the necessary buildings, including
smoke-stack, the inlet chamber in the
Hudson River, the tunnel leading
therefrom to the pump-well, a high
service reservoir and a 30-inch rising
or force main extending from the
pumping station to Lower Oakwood
Reservoir, (a distance of about 3^
miles);" the consideration being $235,-
000.

In June, that year, the enlargement
of ' the water works began, and in
February, 1880. water was pumped
into the lower Oakwood reservoir for
the first time from the new station.
In the attractive one-story building,
faced with Croton pressed brick, are
two Holly quadrupley engines, each
capable of pumping six million gal-
lons of water daily. Near it is a
two-story brick building in which the
engineers reside. The thirty-inch
main, through which water is forced
into lower Oakwood reservoir, is
16,753 ^cet long, and extends from the
pumping station southward through
Lansingburgh to Glen Avenue, where
it deflects eastwardly and enteis the
lower Oakwood reservoir on the east
side of Oakwood Avenue.

The system of reservoirs of the
Troy Water Works begins with Bruns-
wick Lake, in the town of Brunswick,
about three miles east of Oakwood
Avrnue. Immediately west of it is
Vanderheyden Lake. About two miles
west of that lake, on the Link road,
is the high service reservoir, 384 feet
above tide-water. About a half a

mile west of it is the upper Oakwood
reservoir, and west of it, the lower
Oakwood reservoir, on the east side
of Oakwood Avenue. On the west
side of the avenue is the low service
reservoir.

The system of distribution of water
to .different parts of the city embraces
three divisions:

The low service comprises that part
of the city between the river and a
plane of 202 feet above the height
of tide-water. One main extends
westerly from the low service reservoir
along Glen Avenue to River Street.
Another from the same reservoir ex-
tends westerly along and across the
Piscawen Kill to the pipes which for-
merly supplied water from the old
distributing reservoir. One of the
pipes distributes water along Eighth
Street to Federal Street, and runs
thence to River, Fourth, Ida. Third
streets, acioss the Poesten Kill, thence
to Madison, Fourth, to and across the
Wynants Kill to Water Street. The
other pipe extends southwesterly to
the intersection of Canal Street and
Vail Avenue, and thence runs to River
Street, and thence along River Street
southwardly to the central part of
the city.

The middle service includes that
part of the city between a plane of
202 feet above tide-water and a plane
of 290 feet above the same. The
main supplying this division extends
across the land of William II. Frear
to Oakwood Avenue, thence along it
to Tenth Street, People's Avenue,
Ninth, Federal, Eighth and Congress
streets to the stone biidge across the
Poesten Kill, on Pawling Avenue.

The high service embraces that part
of the city between a plane of 290
feet and a plane of 384 feet above
tide-water. The main supplying this
division extends from the high service
reservoir across the fields to Burdett
Avenue, thence to Tibbits, Bnins*

337

wick. Pawling, Maple avenues to
Campbeirs Highway, and thence along
it to the Iron Works.

The present extent and capacity of
the water works and those of 1855 are
contrasted in the annual report of the
water commissioners for the fiscal year
1884 : .**At that time the city had a
population of about 33,000. Its
water works, such as they were, had
then been in existence over twenty
years, and had cost, up to that year
inclusive, about $175,000. The ex-
tent of pipe laid was 12 miles ; num-
ber of fire plu^s, 85 ; stop gates, 91.
The assessed wat^r-rents were $15,-
324.60. There was but one storage
reservoir, Brunswick Lake, and one
distributing reservoir in addition to
the fire dam. with an aggregate ca-
pacity of three hundred and fifty-two
million gallons ; and there was but
one 12-inch supply pipe for the whole
city, while the total daily supply of
probably less than one million gallons
was fully ample to meet the demands
of that day. * * ♦

** During the short interval of only
thirty years that has elapsed since
that lime the population of the city
has increased to 60.000. The board
has had to supervise the additional
expenditure, in construction alone, of
the large sum of $933,618.70. The
extent of pipe laid has increased from
12 to 48 miles ; the fire plugs from 85
to 516, aside from private plugs ; and
the stop-gates from 91 to 740. The
assessed water rents have increased
from $15,000 to $65,000 ; the storage,
or reservoir capacity, from three hun-
dred and fifty-two millions to six hun-
dred and thirty-three millions ; the
daily consumption from one to nine
millions ; and finally a large and ex-
pensive system of pumping by steam
power from the Hudson River has
been superadded to the original grav-
ity supply in order to meet the grow-
ing demands of our large population.*'

The total cost of the water works
from 1833 to March i, 1886, was
$1,149,083.81. The present debt,
since the enlargement and extension
of the water works in 1879, is $421,-
000.

The water commissioners are
Richard F. Hall, president, Joseph
Fales, L3rman R. Avery, David M.
Ranken, and Dennis J. Whalen.

On February i, 1885, Palmer H. Baer-
mann succeeded David M. Greene as
chief engrineer of the water works de-
partment. Edward H. Chapin has
been superintendent since 1854. John
G. Ogden has filled the position of
clerk of the department since 1875.
The offices of the department are in
the city building. No. 47 State Street,
east of Fifth Street,

West Troy.— The site of the vil-
lage of West Troy was origfinally* a
part of the tract of land purchased of
the Indians for Kiliaen Van Rensse-
laer, July 27, 1630. On the map of
Rensselaerswyck, made about the year
163 1, this northwest section of the
great manor is denominated Weelijs
Dael (Weely's Part), so named it
would seem in honor of the patroon's
second wife, Anna Van Weely.
Later, the lowland south of the first
branch of the Mohawk River was
called by the Dutch de Vlackte, (the
Plain or Flat). Arent Van Curler,
a cousin of the patroon, was the first
person to cultivate a farm on it,
where he lived from 1642 to 1660.
Richard Van Rensselaer, a son of the
patroon, afterward possessed the bou-
wery for a number of years. On June
22, 1672, Jeremias Van Rensselaer
sold the farm and the island opposite
it to Philip Schuyler, for 5000 Hol-
land guilders, $2,000. The farm ex-
tended along the Hudson from the
Krom Kill^ (Crooked Creek), south of
the Schuyler homestead, at Port Schuy-
ler, northward to Steene-hoeck kill^

338

(Stone-point Creek) now Dry River.
North of the farm was another belong-
ing to Bastiaen De Winter. It lay
between the Steene-hoeck kill and the
rocky eminence projecting into the
the Hudson called by the Dutch
SUene Hoeck (Stone Point). "The
Rock House/' on the southeast cor-
ner of Buffalo Street and Broadway,
is built on a part of the *' great
blacke rocke," Steene Hoeck,

The Schuyler mansion, south of
Port Schuyler, was built about the
year 1768, on the site of the burned
one, erected in the previous cen-
tury.

In 1793, a part of the farm of John
Schuyler, jr., was surveyed and laid
out for a village by John Campbell.
The place was called Washington.
It comprised that part of Port Schuyler
between Spring and North streets.
Spring Street was then called South
Street.

On January i, 1805, James Gib-
bons purchased from John S. Schuyler
a tract of land immediately north of
the village of Washington. Shortly
afterward a part of that land was laid
out for a village and called Gibbons-
ville. In 18 13, the two places were thus
described in Spafford*s Gazetteer of
the State of New York : "Washington
5 miles N. of Albany and Gibbons
Ville, opposite Troy, 6 miles." Gib-
bonsville then contained about fifteen
houses. The bell and brass foundry,
which Julius Hanks of Mansfield,
Conn., '^' had erected in i8o8, on the
west side of Water Street, (Broad-
way), between Ferry and Buffalo
streets, was thus mentioned in the
same work : ** Here is also a bell
foundry with a considerable variety of
works in brass, plating, &c. Several
small cannon have been lately made
here,'on a contract with the state of
Connecticut. Surveyors* compasses of
superior construction and workman-
ship are made here, and I have seen

some samples of plaited wares done
in a very superior style."

On July 14, 1813, the United States
purchased of James Gibbons about
twelve acres of land in Gibbon sville
for $2,585, on which in the following
year the erection of the buildings of
the Watervliet Arsenal was begun.
On March 19, 18 14, the Reformed
Protestant Dutch Church of Washing-
ton and Gibbonsville was organized in
the school-house in the former village.
In the spring of the following year,
the erection of the meeting-house was
begun on the west side of Water
(Broadway) Street, between North
Street and the arsenal grounds. The
church was dedicated on Wednesday,
July 17, 1 8 16. On August 19, 18 17.
the Watervliet post-office was estab-
lished in Gibbonsville. Abijah Whee-
ler, the post-master, kept the office in
his store on the southwest corner of
Water (Broadway) and Ferry streets.
On April 23, 1823. the legislature
passed the ** act to vest certain pow-
ers and privileges in the freeholders
and inhabitants of Gibbonsville," by
which the village was to be incorpor-
ated. As no election for village offi-
cers was held as provided by the act,
a second act was passed April 4, 1825.
Under the last, Julius Hanks. Elijah
Raiuey, Isaac Chapman, Edward
Learned, and Isaac Frink were elected
trustees, and Gerrit T. Lansing, treas-
urer, and Nathan Robbins, collector.
Julius Hanks was chosen president of
the board of trustees. In Spafford's
Gazetteer of 1824, Gibbonsville is
described : *' It is incorporated as a
village, has 52 houses, shops, and
stores. Hanks' bell and cannon
foundry and manufactory of town
clocks and surveyors* instruments, a
manufactory of paper moulds, the
United States arsenal and depot, at
Watervliet, and 2 basins on the canal.
It is a busy little place, and having
the canal, good docking ground on

the Hudson, the side cut and locks to
Troy, with important advantages for
a large basin on the margin of the
river, bids fair to grow pretty rapidly.

* * * Gibbonsville is connected
with Troy by 2 horse-ferries, on
Langdon's improved construction.

» * * Washington village, a
half mile below Gibbonsville, has
about 40 houses, the Albany road and
canal.*'

In the same work the following
mention was made of the United
States arsenal : ** It is designed to be
the principal depot for military stores,
arms, and equipments in the northern
states, and is now [1824] one of the
largest in the United States. The
buildings present a long front on the
river, and consist of a brick arsenal,
35 by 120 feet, 3^ stories in height ;
2 brick houses for officers* quarters ; i
brick building, 25 by 98 teet, 3 sto-
ries, for quarters for mechanics and
soldiers; 2 brick buildings, each 22
by 136 feet, for mechanics* shops ; 2
do, each i^ story, 45 by 183 feet, ifor
military carriages and equipments ; a
brick magazine for powder and am-
munition, 60 by 19 feet, surrounded
by a brick wall, 14 teet high, 264 feet
perimeter ; a stone magazine, 87 by
21 feet, surrounded by a wall 300 feet
perimeter, 14 feet high ; a wooden
building, 40 by 22 feet, 2 stories, for
a laboratory, and a stable and a forage
house. It has also a dock in front,
on the Hudson. * » » The pub-
lic property is probably little short of
a million of dollars in value. * * *
The Erie Canal runs through the
depot, between the front and rear
buildings, over which is a bridge.
This establishment was located in
1 8 13, and commenced in 1814, under
the direction of Col. [George] Bom-
ford of the ordnance department, but
it has been for some years under the
direction of Major [James] Dalliba,
an officer of the same department.'*

The. construction of the Erie Canal,
which runs through the village, was
begun July 4, 181 7, and completed
October 26, 1825. The opening of
the canal between Gibbohsville and
Rochester was celebrated on Wednes-
day, October 8, 1823, On that day,
the Trojan Trader, fljring a flag in-
scribed: •• From Troy ; the first west-
ern boat loaded at Hudson's River,"
left the village for Rochester. The
side cut, south of the first branch of
the Mohawk River, was completed
Saturday, November 15, 1823. That
afternoon, the packet boat, Superior,
with a number of citizens of Troy on
board, passed through the lock into
the Hudson and crossed the river to
Troy.

In 1823, George Tibbits, Richard
P. Hart, Esaias Warren, Philip
Schuyler, Ebenezer Wis wall, Nathan
Warren, Samuel Gale, John P. Cush-
man, William Hart, Jacob Merritt,
Elias Pattison, George Vail, Stephen
Warren, Philip Hart, jr., John Paine,
John D. Dickinson, and I'heodore F.
French, having organized themselves
into a corporation called the ** West
Troy Company,'* purchased, No-
vember 12, that year, from John
Bleecker and Elizabeth, his wife, 400
acres of land, ** north of the division
line between James Gibbons and John
Bleecker,*' or north of Buffalo Street.
The Troy and Schenectady turn-
pike, "the street leading from Albany
to the Cohoes bridge," and the Erie
Canal crossed the tract of land.
** Steinhook Creek," as Dry River was
then called, flowed through it to the
Hudson. The eastern part of the
land was laid out into building lots
and the western part into farm lots.
The purchasers paid $45,000 for the
land, and called the projected village
West Troy.

In 1827, Willard Earl, Jabez Bur-
rows, Abijah Wheeler, David Wheeler,
Enoch Burrows, Gilbert C. Bedell,

340

and Jonathan Hart, taking the name
of the Port Schuyler Company, pur-
chased of John and Peter S. Schuyler
the land which was surveyed by Evert
Van Alen and Sergeant John Camp-
bell of the United States ordnance de-
partment, and laid out into building
lots, as delineated on the map made
October 23, 1827. This place, which
included the village of Washington,
was called Port Schuyler.

Gibbonsville, in which the erection
of buildings was begun in 1800, in
1830 had 60 dwelling houses, 87 fam-
ilies, 559 inhabitants, 3 public houses,
9 stores, and the United States ar-
senal.

West Troy, in which the erection of
buildings was begun in 1824, in 1830
had 113 dwellings, 93 families, 510
inhabitants, i church, 4 public houses,
and 23 stores.

Port Schuyler in 1830, had 52 dwel-
lings, 75 families. 450 inhabitants, i
church, I public-house, and 12 stores.

By the act for the incorporation of
" the village of West Troy," includ-
ing in it Gibbonsville and Port
Schuyler, passed April 30, 1836, two
trustees in each of the four wards, a
president, and other village officers,
were elected on May 3, that year.

The Watervliet Bank, incorporated,
May 21, 1836, with a capital stock of
$250,000, doing business in the brick
building on the northwest corner of
Broadway and Buffalo Street, failed
in April, 1842.

The name of the post-office was
changed from Watervliet to that of
West Troy, July i, 1847.

When the construction of the Al-
bany Northern Railroad was begun
in 1851, the first line surveyed for it
extended through the village, entering
it on the south near the Schuyler
homestead and running thence north-
ward along the east side of Broadway
to Green Island, crossing the first
branch of the Mohawk River at the

side-cut at the foot of Union Street.
The construction of the road on this
line having been opposed, the line was
changed to the west side of the village.
A Y was constructed by which trains
going northward and s<>uthward could
enter the village on the line of Canal
Street, now Central Avenue. The
station was a small frame building
on the northeast corner of the alley,
between Ohio Street and the Erie
Canal. A freight-house was built on
the north side of Canal Street, on the
west side of Dry River. The build-
ing of the street railway from Albany
to West Troy in 1862, so diminished the
number of passengers travelling be-
tween the two places on the Albany
Northern Railroad that after De-
cember 21, 1863, the use of the Y
was discontinued. A station was then
erected at the head of Genesee Street.

The Bank of West Troy, which
began business, on May i, 1852, in
its banking house on the southwest
comer of Washington and Canal
streets, with a capital of $200,000, .
became the National Bank of West
Troy, in 1865, with a capital stock of
$250,000. Its present capital is
$100,000.

The corner-stone of Corporation
Hall was laid August 24, 1864.

The United States Arsenal grounds
now embrace about 100 acres of land,
inclosed by a high stone wall, except-
ing on Broadway, along which is a
fence of iron pickets. About 1,500
men were employed at the arsenal
during the civil war, manufacturing
ordnance supplies. Since the pur-
chase of the grounds about a million
and a half dollars have been ex-
pended in the erection of the different
buildings on them. The property
has a frontage of 1600 feet on the
Hudson.

There are 10 churches in the vil-
lage. The North Reformed Church,
northwest comer of Washington and

341

Buf!fdo streets; the Jermain Memo-
rial Presbyterian Church, formeriy the
South Reformed Protestant Dutch
Church, northwest comer of Middle
and Croton streets ; Trinity Episco-
pal Church, east side of Washington
Street, between Ferry and Schenectady
streets ; First Baptist Church, north-
east corner of Ohio Sireet and Cen-
tral Avenue ; First Presbyterian
Church, north side of Union Street,
between Catherine and Fotd streets ;
Ohio Street Methodist E)piscopal
Church, southwest corner of Ohio and
Ontario streets; Washington Street
Methodist Episcopal Church, north-
west corner of Washington and Ferry
streets ; St. Patrick's Roman Catholic
Church, southwest comer of Union
and Burlington streets ; St. Bridget's
Roman Catholic Church, northwest
comer of Salem and Mansion streets ;
Holy Heart of Mary, Roman Catholic,
French. Church, on northwest comer
of Gibbons and Buffalo streets.

The first newspaper printed in the
village was the Palladium ^ and was
published by the Warren Brothers
in 1832. Its publication was soon
discontinued. On October 4, 1837,
William Hollands began the publica-
tion of the West Troy Advocate and
Watervliet Advertiser y a weekly, and
continued it until his death in 1853.
The paper was afterward published
by his son, William Hollands, jr. Its
publication was discontinued in 1864.
The publication of the Watervliet
Daily Democrat was begun January
18, 1859. It was shortly afterward
succeeded by the Albany County Dent-
ocrat, which was published until July,

1884. The Watervliet Journal was
published by James Treanor and T. I.
Hardin, from May, 1880, to July,

1885. They then purchased the Dem-
ocrat and consolidated the two papers
under the name of the Journal and
Democrat^ which is still published by
them.

Population of West Troy in 1840,
4,572 ; 1850, 6,900 ; i860, 8,952 ;
1870, 10,693 ; 1 880, 8,82c. The cen-
sus of the village in 1880 was care-
lessly taken, and it is likely there
were about 11,000 inhabitants at that
time.

The principal manufactories are the
following :

James Roy & Co., manufacturers of
shawls, woolen and worsted goods, east
side of Broadway, foot of Spring
Street. Early in the present century
satinet was made in a large frame
building, erected on the bank of the
Hudson, at the foot of Spring Street,
in the village of Washington. South
of the factory, and nearly opposite
Mill Street was a flouring mill. On
the map of Port Schuyler, made Oc-
tober 23, 1827, the ground plans of
the two buildings are delineated. On
February 14, 1843, James Roy, who
with John Knower, had begun the
manufacture of woolen shawls in the
satinet factory, previously occupied by
A. S. Blackman, purchased a half-part
of the property and a number of
adjacent lots. Having obtained a
number of skilled operatives from
Scotland, where James Roy was bom,
the enterprising manufacturers were
then making a grade of shawls noway
inferior in quality and texture to those
imported. In 1847, the first of the
present large brick buildings of the
establishment was erected by James
Roy & Co. On January i, 1866,
John F. Roy became a member of the
tirm. On December 29, 1869, ''James
Roy & Company" was incoporated
with a capital of $400,000 ; since in-
creased to $500,000; James Roy,
John Knower, John F. Roy, and
Benjamin Knower constituting the
corporation. Besides the different
buildings, fronting 800 feet on Broad-
way, the company has a large brick
factory on the northeast corner of

34^

Broadway and Mansion Street, and
another in Schenectady.

Roy & Co., Qohn Knower and A.
H. Sweny), manufacturers of butts
and hinges, Broadway, near Spring
Street. Andrew Rogers and James
Roy, under the name of Rogers &
Roy, engaged in the business in the
basement of the old satinet factory.
The firm of Roy & Co., (John Knower,
James Roy, & Peter Roy), was incor-
porated, December 28, 1870.

J. M. Jones' Sons, car manufac-
turers, Circle Street, north of Berlin
Street. John M. Jones, the father of
the members of the firm, with Henry
W. Witbeck, under the name of Wit-
beck & Jones, in 1839, began the
manufacture of carriages and wagons,
in a frame building, afierward burned,
on the site of the present works.
During the first years of gold mining
in California, the firm made and
shipped a great number of lumber
and express wagons around Cape
Horn to San Francisco. On Henry
W. Witbeck's withdrawal in 1863,
George H. Lawrence became associ-
ciated for a short time with J. M.
Jones in the business. In 1864, the
firm of Jones & Co. was formed by J.
M. and Richard W. Jones. In 1874,
it was succeeded by that of J. M.
Jones k Co.; the two sons John H.
and Walter A. Jones engaging in the
business with their father. In 1879,
the business was discontinued in West
Troy. In the spring of 1882, John
H. and Walter A. Jones resumed in
West Troy the manufacture of street-
cars begun by Jones & Lawrence
in 1864. Thousands of street-cars
have been made at these works for
different railway companies in the
United States, South America, Aus-
tralia, England, Germany, India, and
other distant countries. In 1870, two
hundred were made for the Bombay
Tramway Company. During the civil

war many gun carriages were made
for the United States government.
About 300 street-cars are now annu-
ally made by the firm, which employs
about 200 skilled workmen.

Covert Manufacturing Com-
pany, makers of harness snaps, chain
and rope goods, southwest corner of
Central Avenue and West Street.
Many of the ingeniously constructed
specialties made at the works are
figuratively designated, ** Covert's
horse and mule jewelry." Although
partly decorative, their usefulness is at
once apparent in the different adapta-
tions for the purposes for which they
are admirably designed. The loop,
round eye, open eye, and swivel snaps
attachable to harness, lariats, and
ropes, the web and rope halters, ties,
and cords commend their convenience
and durability to persons acquainted
with the management and care of
horses, mules, and cattle. The com-
pany also manufactures a large class of
chains and cables used by farmers,
lumbermen, dredgers, car manufactur-
ers, and water-craft builders, and sub-
jects them to the highest standard
tests of strength of Europe and
America. The patent adjustable sol-
dering irons and adjustable coppers
made at the works for tinsmiths and
plumbers are everywhere recognized
for their excellence. The business
was begun in 1873, at No. 210 First
Street, Troy, by James C. and Madison
Covert, Henry and S. Bradley Wake-
man, under the name of the Breast
Hold-back Company. The Covert
Manufacturing Company was formed
August 9, 1877. James C. and Madi-
son Covert succeeded to the business,
under the same name, in 1882. In
February, 1879, the present works on
the southwest comer of Central Ave-
nue and West Street were erected by
the company, which sells its goods not
only to the trade in this country but
to numerous importers in England,

343

Austria, Germany, India, Africa, and
other distant lands. The wide adver-
tisement of the company's specialties
have greatly enlarged its business dur-
ing the last five years.

George R. Meneely & Co.. man-
ufacturers of Hopkins* patent self-
fitting journal bearings fdr railroad
cars and locomotives, bronze and
brass castings, and anti-friction met-
als. South Albany Street, south of the
U.S. arsenal grounds. George R. Me-
neely and S. W. Getman, having
formed the firm in 1874, began
in March, that year, manufacturing
at their present establishment. The
popular use of the Hopkins' journal
bearings by the different railroads
in the United States have made it
more convenient to the manufacturers
to have two establishments, one at
West Troy and the other at Atlanta,
Ga., from which they supply orders
from those parts of the country nearest
to them.

Meneely Hardware Company,
(George R. and Charles D. Meneely,
and John Gibbons), manufacturers off
hardware specialties, South Albany
Street, south of the United States
arsenal grounds. The company was
formed on January i, 1883. The
works have a frontage of about 270
feet on South Albany Street, and a
depth of 125 feet.

Meneely & Co., (E. A., A. H., and
George K. Meneely), bell founders,
N9. 205 Broadway. The business
was begun by Julius Hanks, in 1808,
who was succeeded in 1826, by An-
drew Meneely ; in 1850, by Andrew
Meneely & Son ; in 185 1, by Andrew
Mcneely's Sons ; in 1863, by E. A. &
G. R. Meneely; and in 1874, by Me-
neely & Co.

Two foundries and the lumber busi-
ness are also comprised in the indus-
trial interests of the village.

The West Troy Water Works
Company, incorporated, 1876, began
supplying the village with water in
1877. The water is pumped from the
Mohawk River near Niskayuna. The
storage reservoir is about a mile west
of the village.

Wire Cloth Manufactory.—

J. B. S. Maltby, manufacturer of
wire cloth, sieves, riddles, screens,
window guards, and painted window
screen cloth, No. 357 and 359 River
Street. As a member of the firm of
Nutting & Co., he engaged in the
business in 1864.

Wire Manufacturers.—

J. Wool Griswold, manufacturer
of iron, steel and galvanized wire,
works on the Poesten Kill, foot of
Cypress Street. Established, 1879.

Griswold Brothers, (John Wool
Griswold and Frank B. Griswold),
manufacturers of patent steel wire
bale ties, works on the Poesten Kill,
foot of Cypress Street. In 1884, the
firm succeeded the Brockner-Evans
Company, incorporated, April 4,
1883.

Wood-workers.—

Edward Carter, manufacturer of
carpenters' planes, mechanics' tools,
wood mouldings, and ornamental
work, Nos. 22 to 40 Spring Avenue ;
salesroom, No. 203 River Street. The
manufacture of planes and tools was
begun in Troy in 1828, by Simeon
Rowell, at No. 38 Ferry Street. His
successors were Charles S. Rowell. rear
No. 52 Congress Street. 1832 ; Jared
West, 1832 ; Richard Carter, March,
1833; R. & L. Carter. No. 1 1 Ferry
Street, 1835 ; E. & C. Carter, (Edward
and Charles), No. ii Ferry Street, 1847;
Edward Carter, No. 171 River Street,
1854 ; E. & C. Carter, (Edward and

344

Cyrus), No. 249 River Street, 1862 ;
Edward Carter. No. 249 River Street,
1865. Besides manufacturing tools,
moulding, stair rails, Edward Carter
executes, on orders, circular and scroll
sawing, planing and turning. His
sale of tools is extensive, not only in
the United States, but in the West
Indies, South America, Australia, and
the Sandwich Islands.

A. V. G. Smith, sawing, planing,
and turning mills, Front Street, near
Federal, began business in 1876 as
successor to Curley & Lansing, at the
same place.

Wool Dealers.—

Stephen W. Barker, wool dealer,
Nos. 171 and 173 River Street. In
1832, John Kerr engaged in the busi-
ness at No. 127 River Street. His
successors were John Kerr & Co., 173
River Street, 1835 ; Knowlson & Mor-
gan, 1865 ; James S. Knowlson &
Co., 153 River Street. 1870; Knowl-
son & Organ, 1874 ; Stephen Barker
& Son, 1875 ; Stephen Barker, 171
and 173 River Street , 1 876; Stephen W.
Barker, September 13, 1883.

John Consalus, wool dealer, Nos.
417 and 419 River Street. In 1843,
Hiram Herrington engaged in the busi-
ness at 273 River Street, and was
succeeded by Herrington & Warren,
No. 283 River Street, 1852 ; Hiram
Herrington. No. 283 River Street,

1862; Herrington & McClure, No. 283
River Street 1864. In 1865. the firm
of J. & D. A. Consalus was formed,
which engaged in ihe business at No.
375 River Street, whence, in 1866,
the firm moved to No. 283 ; succeed-
ing there Herrington & McClure. In
1 87 1, John Consalus succeeded to the
business, who then rerhoved to Nos.
417 and 419 River Street.

Toung Women's Assooia-
tion. The, of the city of Troy, or-
ganized in January, 1883, occupies
rooms in the Manufacturers* National
Bank Building, on the corner of River
and King streets. Its object is to
ameliorate the condition and promote
the interests of young women by pro-
viding them with a proper and an at-
tractive place where they may pass
leisure hour.*:, and improve themselves
by attending evening courses of in-
struction and by reading books of a
well-selected library. The institution
was incorporated June 10, 1885.
Spelling, penmanship, arithmetic,
book-keeping, music, type-writing,
.millinery, and fine sewing are taught
those desiring free instruction. A
matron is in charge of the rooms,
which are open every afternoon and
evening, excepting on Sunday. The
present officers are Mrs. Charles E.
Patterson, president ; Mrs. J K.
Howe, secretary ; and Mrs. C. A.
McLeod, treasurer.

345

OMISSIONS IN FIRST CLASSIFICATION.

Apothecaries.—

Andrew Sawyer, apothecary, No.
348 River Street, engaged in the busi-
ness at the same place in 1866.

R. H. Starbuck, apothecary and
druggist, northwest comer of Broad-
way and Fifth Street, engaged in the
business in 1869. at No. 18 Jhird
Street.

Moncrief & Francis, (Robert
Moncrief and William M. Francis),
No. 77 Congress Street, formed the
firm May i, 1886.

Art Booms.—

Joseph Hicks, dealer in paintings,
engravings, and art goods. No. 44
Third Street. His father, William
Hicks, began the business in 185 1, at
No. 199 River Street.

Asylum, St. Vincent's Female
Orphan.

The new asylum, a large, four-story,
brick building, on the east side of
Eighth Street, between Federal and
Jacob streets, was erected^ during the
summer of 1886.

Boiler Manufacturer.—

M. Mahony, manufacturer of boil-
ers for steam and hot water heating,
office and foundry, northwest corner
of Liberty and Fifth Streets ; ware-
rooms, No. 143 River Street, Troy,
and 85 Center Street, New York.

Box Manufacturers.—

John Leggett & Son Joseph A.,)
manufacturers of paper-boxes of all
kinds, Nos. 34 and 36 North Fourth
Street, The senior member of the
firm engaged in the business in 1869,
with Sidney Bush, under the firm-
name of Bush & Leggett, Nos. 380
and 382 River Street.

C. E. Vandercook, manufacturer
of packing and cigar boxes, Nos. 6 &
8 Front (Mechanic) Street, engaged in
the business in 1875.

Brick Works, Troy Fire.—

James Ostrander & Son, manufac-
turers of fire brick, blocks and tile,
and dealers in fire clays and sand,
Nos. 209 and 2ii Second Street. The
different buildings of the extensive
works are on twenty-seven lots front-
ing on First and Second streets, be-
tween Canal Avenue and Madison
Street. The appliances for making
fire brick are complete in every de-
partment of the establishment.
Moulded in a multiplicity of shapes,
the brick, blocks, and tile vary from
3 to 1000 pounds in weight. The va-
rious uses made of them in furnaces,
forges, foundries, and factories where
they are subject to high degrees of
heat, to alternations of expansion and
contraction, and to the effects of gen-
erated gases, demand of the manu-
facturer a wide range of knowledge to
perfect the brick for the purposes for
which they are designed. The wide

346

reputation of the works for producing
an unexcelled quality of heavy blocks
for blast furnaces, rolling mills, and
steel works, has given no little promi-
nence to the establishment for many
years. Mining his own clay and sand
at Woodbridge, N. J., and his kaolin
at Rossville, Staten Island, the pro-
prietor possesses all the facilities to
fill large orders with dispatch and on
satisfactory terms. The works were
established in 1850 by Daniel Hud-
son, who was succeeded in 1853 ^y
James Ostrander ; in 1856, by Ostran-
der & Heartt, Qonas S.); in 1866, by
James Ostrander ; and in 1868, by
James Ostrander & Son. On the
death of his father, December 14,
1874, Francis A. Ostrander became
the proprietor of the establishment.
About 100 workmen are employed at
the works. The first blocks and
tuyeres used in the Bessemer steel
works in this city and other places in
the country were made at the works.

Brush Manufactiirer.—

Isaiah DeFreest, horse-brush
manufacturer, No. 351 River Street,
began business in 1867 ^^ ^o, 267
River Street, with Edward C. Allen,
under the firm name of Allen & De-
Freest. Since 1873 he has individu-
ally conducted the business, making
all grades of horse-brushes with
wooden and leather backs, and selling
them to the trade in all parts of the
United States.

Button-hole Makers.

Dater & Lee, makers of button-
holes in collars, cuffs, shirt-trimmings
and other goods, No. 506 Fulton
Street. John Dater and George H.
Lee formed the firm, August 16, 1886.
Established 1882. About 90 opera-
tives are employed.

E. T. Young & Co.. shirt, collar,
and cuff" button-hole manufacturers.

Gurley Building. No. 24 Fifth Street
Eyelet end work a specialty. The
firm was formed, May 12. 1886.

Clothing.—

J. S. Tobey, manufacturer and
dealer in men's and boys* clothing.
Nos. 281 and 322 (Troy Clothing
Company,) River Street, engaged in
the business in Troy in 1850.

Purniture.—

Robert Keith, manufacturer and
dealer in furniture, No. 179 River
Street, engaged in the business in
1880, at No. 189 River Street, whence
he removed to his present place of
business in April, 1885.

Cornelius Fogarty, manufacturer
and dealer in furniture, carpets, feath-
ers, and bedding, northwest comer of
River and State streets, succeeded,
February, 1886, Fogarty & York,
who began the business at the same
place. January, i, 1884.

M, Doyle's Sons, manufacturers
and dealers in furniture, carpets, and
bedding, Nos. 176 to 180 River Street,
on May i, 1886. succeeded their
father. M. Doyle, who engaged in the
business in 1870, on the northeast
comer of River and Ferry streets.

Glass.—

Thorne & Rogers, dealers in win-
dow and plate glass, No. 309 River
Street, assumed the firm name August
23, 1886 ; their former partner, R. J.
Bennett, retiring.

Hoosick, one of the towns of
Rensselaer County, was erected March
7, 1788. Its territory embraces the
land included in the Hoosick Patent,
granted July 28, 1688 ; the Walloom-
sac Patent, dated June 15. I739f ^^^
the Schneyder Patent, March 24. 1762.

847

Hoosick Falls, the largest village
in the town, was incorporated Apnl
14, 1827. The Boston, Hoosac Tun-
nel & Western, and the Troy & Bos-
ton railroads pass through it. The
village is the seat of the works of the
Walter A. Wood Mowing and Reap-
ing Machine Company, formed in
1865: Population, 4^520. Hoosick,
North Hoosick, Eagle Bridge, Wal-
.loomsac, Buskirk's Bridge, West
Hoosick. and Petcrsburgh Junction
are small villages in the town. .
' Population of the town of Hoosick:
1790. 3.035 ; 1800, 3. 141 ; 1810,
3,117; 1815, 2.907; 1820. 3,373;
1825, 3.481 ; 1830, 3,584 ; 1835,
3.525; 1840, 3.539; 1845, 3,576;
1850, 3,724 ; 1855. 4,120 ; i860,
4.446; 1S65, 4.783; 1870, 5.728;
1875, 6,525 ; 1880, 7,890.

Institute, Rensselaer Poly-
technic. —

In 1 841, '42, and '43, the sessions
of the Rensselaer Institute were held
in the Farmers' Bank Building, on the
northwest comer of River and Mid-
dlebuigh streets. Hon. James For-
syth, LL. D., president of the insti-
tute, died August 10, 1886.

laaundry Machinery.—

A. P. Adams, laundry machinery
and supplies, Nos. 7 & 9 Sixth Street.

The use of machinery in laundries is ^anous processes of washing, drying,
no longer a matter of expediency, starching, and ironing are a^compliX
Aggressive competition compels laun- • ^^ * .^>,.-.*'.

working of machinery. The ingeni-
ously constructed ^laundry machinery
so excellently made at the works of
A. P. Adams, embracing in part re-
versing washers, centrifugal ironers,
steam heated ironing machines, collar
and cuff and shirt ironers, dampening
machines, and other patented appli-
ances, has the high commendation of
experienced laundrymen in all parts
of the country. The wide popularity
of the Adams' laundry machinery is
indicated by the extensive sale of it in
the United States. Canada, England,
India, Australia and other countries.
In 1873, Alonzo P. Adams engaged in
Troy with Thos. S. Wiles in launder-
ing. In 1877. Wiles, Adams & Co.,
(Henry Kelly,) began the sale of laun-
dry supplies. In 1879, o» Ae organ-
ization of the Troy Laundry Machin-
ery Company, A. P. Adams was
elected its president. In 1884, he be-
gan the manufacture of laundry ma-
chinery and supplies at Nos. 7 & 9
Sixth Street

Troy Laundry Machinery Com-
pany, Limited, manufacturers and
dealers in laundry machinery and sup-
plies, Nos. 648 and 650 Fulton Street.
The continental fame of Troy laun-
dering is a popular commendation of
the ingeniously constructed machinery
used by the laundr3rmen of the city.
The marvelous rapidity and the un-
equalled perfection with which the

drymen ever3rwhere to possess the fa-
cilities of accomplishing with dispatch
and perfection the commissions given
them. Badly washed, unequally
starched, and imperfectly ironed
goods are no longer accepted by cir-
cumspect manufacturers and wearers.
Whatever faultiness is discoverable in
carelessly laundered goods, it is likely
to be due to the want of skill on the
part of employes rather than to the

ed amply demonstrate the high merits
of the apparatus effecting them. The
Troy Laundry Machinery Company is
entitled to the honor of making some
of the best and most extensively used
machinery in the Troy laundries. Its
hydraulic washers, wringers, starching
machines, dampners, mangles, calen-
ders, shirt, collar, and cuff ironers are
not only its own patents, but in adapt-
ation and efficiency unsurpassed. The
recently patented shirt-ironer now

848

made by the company will doubtless
attain a wide popularity not only in
the city laundries but in others in the
United States. The adequacy of
these different machines may be com-
prehended by the information that one
will wash in a day 1,500 dozen collars
and cuffs, another in ten minutes will
free from water 150 dozen, another
starch in a day 200 dozen collars and
cuffs or 600 shirts, another dampen in
a day 2,400 dozen collars or cuffs,
and another iron in ten hours 1,200
dozen of the same goods. The com-
pany was incorporated January i,
188 1, and in February, 1882, occupied
the present establishment on the north
side of Fulton Street, between Sixth
and Seventh streets. The oflScers of
the company are Delavan Peck, presi-
dent; Thomas S. Wiles, vice-presi-
dent ; Allen Conkling, treasurer ; and
Jacob H. Ten Eyck, secretary. The
company's branch establishments are
at Nos. 8 and 10 New Church Street,
New York, and on Canal Street,
Chicago, and at 11 Silver- Wood Street, ,
London, England, and Hausvoigtei^
Platz 9, Berlin, Prussia.

Machinery.—

Knowlson & Kelly, machinists
and engineers, manufacturers of im-
proved Corliss engines, narrow gauge
track locomotives, steam and boiler
pumps, southeast corner of Division
and River streets. John Knowlson
and James Kelly formed the firm in
the fall of 1869, and began the busi-
ness in the building formerly on the
southeast corner of Liberty and River
streets. Having purchased the site of
the old Matthias Van der Heyden
house, built in 1752, they, in June,
1886, began the erection of their pres-
ent works, fronting 95 feet on River
street, with a depth of 71 feet. Some
of the narrow gauge track locomotives
made by the firm have been sent to

such distant places as Cuba and South
America. The firm also constructs
engines for propellers. General re-
pairing is done at the works. The
members of the firm are frequently
employed as consulting eagineers.

Neemes Brothers, manufacturers
of castings for steam engines, machin-
ery, railroads, buildings, at Troy Ma-
chinery Foundry, Nos. 206 to 212
First Street, south of Adams. Joseph
H. and Spencer Neemes formed the
firm May 11. 1883, and succeeded
their father, C. S. Neemes, who be-
gan the business in 1874, at Nos. 36
& 38 River Street, whence the firm
removed to the present works, in Oc-
tober, 1886. The firm gives special
attention to loam casting and balance
wheels and patterns of pulleys, and
general foundry work.

Henry Moyles, manufacturer of
portable grain mills, elevators, hoist-
ing and other machinery. Enterprise
Iron Works, 210 & 212 First Street,
successor in 1884 to Chrystal &
Moyles, 1884 ; Chrystal, Walsh &
Moyles, 1880; and F. W. Parmenter,
1852.

Manufacturers and Engi-
neers' Supplies.—
Barnum Brothers, dealers in me-
chanical supplies, and manufacturers
of leather belting, No. 187 River
Street. This well-known firm fur-
nishes to manufacturers and engineers
the numerous articles needed in estab-
lishments where machinery is used.
Besides selling rubber goods for me-
chanical purposes, the members of
the firm are agents for the Boston
Belting Company. The senior mem-
ber of the firm, Theodore F. Barnum,
engaged in the business in 1867, on
Fulton street. In March, 1877, he
and his brother, Frederick W. Bar-
num, formed the firm and occupied
a part of the Savings Bank Building

349

on the northeast comer of Second and
State streets, whence they removed in
1879, to their present place of business.

Mount Ida Manufacturing
Company.—

Mount Ida Manufacturing
Company, manufacturing cotton warp,
Congress Street, Ida Hill, was incor-
porated in 1884,; with a capital ^of
175,000. Henry B. Dauchy, presi-
dent ; John B. Dauchy, secretary and
treasurer.

Nickel Works.—

HOYT & Wynkoop, nickel platers
and iron founders. Spring Avenue,
employ about 90 workmen. James
B. Hoyt and George W. Wynkoop
formed the firm in the spring of 1875.

Moore & Fitzsimons, Olympus
Nickel Works, southwest comer of
Vail Avenue and North Street. The
members of the firm, John P. Moore
and Bernard Fitzsimons, established
the works January I. 1885. This
branch of business, so intimately con-
nected with the manufacture of stoves,
has of late years attained an import-
ance peculiar to the rapid develop-
ment of this industry. The firm's fa-
cilities for plating stove ornaments,
knobs, turnkeys, hinge pins, and
other appendages, are commensurate
with the large patronage it enjoys in
Troy. Polishing, grinding and finish-
ing of every description are done at the
works as well as all kinds of nickel
plating.

Picture Framing.—

F. W. Salisbury & Co., manufac-
turers of picture frames and mould-
ings, No. 13 Congress Street. Estab-
lished in 1876.

Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fit-
ters.—
William H. Barnes, No. 14 First

Street, engaged in the business in
September, 1876, begun by his father,
William Barnes, in 1854, at No. 217
River Street.

William Ferguson, Nos. 359 &
361 Fulton Street, engaged in the
business in 1866.

Samuel Morris, No. 414 Fulton
Street, engaged in the business in
1868, with H. L. St. Ormond.

Charles Wills, plumber, steam
and gas fitter, room 4. Harmony Hall
Building, engaged in the business in
187X.

Mulligan & Schermerhorn,
(Martin Mulligan and Harrison Scher-
merhorn,) Troy Savings Bank Build-
ing, began business in March. 1880.

Michael Kennedy, No. 5 Wot-
kyns Block, Congress Street, engaged
in the business in 1883, at No. 115
Fifth Street, as a member of the firm
of Egan & Kennedy.

QuiNN & Tilly, William F. Quinn
and George W. Tilly, No. 96 King
Street, formed the firm October 1,
1885.

E. W. Reid, No. 70 Second Street,
engaged in the business in May, 1886.

Beal Estate Brokers.—

J, H, WiNSLOW & Co., real estate,
loan, and insurance brokers. No. 13
State Street. The sale and convey-
ance of real estate in Troy and its vi-
cinity are now mostly made by agents
having offices in the central part of the
city and advertising conspicuously in
the daily newspapers having large
circulations. This well-known firm,
formed in 1879, by Joseph H. Wins-
low and Irving Hayner, has the com-
mand of an extensive business which
annually exceeds a million of dollars
in the sale and rentage of property,

850

negotiating loans and collecting rents.
As agents of the Western Farm Mort-
gage Company, of Lawrence, Kansas,
the firm has sold a large number of
the company's desirable securities.
The firm, 1)eside8 widely advertising
the property it has for sale and rent in
the Tro^ newspapers, also publishes
descriptive real estate registers.

Bestaurant and Confeotion-

ery.—

Charles C. Sinsabaugh, restaura-
teur and confectioner, No. 20 Third
Street. George W. Sinsabaugh en-
gaged in the 1>usine8s as a confection-
er in 1846, at No. 21 Congress Street,
whence he removed in 1848 to No.
42 First Street, and in 1856, to No.
18 Third Street. In 1869, after the
erection of his building. No. 20 Third
Street, he occupied it. His son,
Charles C. Sinsabaugh, succeeded him
in the business in 1878.

Saddlery Hardware.—

WiNNE & Drake, (John £ Winne
and Charles F. Drake), successors to
Winne, Burdick & Co., dealers in
saddlery hardware and carriage mate-

rials, No. 221 River Street. The bus-
iness was begun in 1846 by Francis
Drake. The firm was formed, Janu-
ary I, 1883,

Manning, Patterson & Co., (J.
G. Manning. T. W. P. Patterson, and
Philander Pollock), dealers in sad-
dlery hardware, No. 355 River Street,
formed the firm in 1884.

Tannery, Troy.—

H. B. Haight, manufacturer of
leather, Troy Tannery, Hill Street,
engaged in the business November
20, 1880. The buildings of the estab-
lishment, extending 150 feet along
both sides of the street, occupy in
part the site of the flour mill of Mah-
lon Taylor, built about the year 1793.
In 1885, 25,000 hides were tanned at
the establishment, where about 100
hands are employed. On the opposite
side of the Poesten Kill, H. B.
Haight's father, S. B. Haight, in 1839,
built the tannery burned about 1873.

Telegram, The Troy Daily,

was conveyed by C. L. MacArthur k
Son to John Hastings, editor and
proprietor, October 4, 1886.

INDEX OF MANUFACTURES.

Ale. 39.
Axes, 71.
Beer, 39.

Bells, Church, 33, 343.
Belting, 296.
Blinds, 156, 263.
Boats, Paper, 189.
Boilers, Steam, 35, 345.
Boxes, Paper, 229, 345.

" Wooden, 345.
Brass Work, 39.
Brick, Fire, 279, 345.
Brushes, 189. 346.
Button-holes, 86, 346.
Butts, 342.
Candy, 50.
Carriages, 189.
Cars, 50, 53. I55. 342-
Car Wheels, 53,
Chains, 56.
Chairs, 297.
Cigars, 289.

Collars and Cuffs, 73, 86, 189.
Cornice, 300.
Cotton Cloth, 67.
Crackers, 189.
Curry-combs, 88, 90.
Doors, 156, 263.
Dies, 334.

Electrical Instruments, 276.
Engineers' Instruments, 103.
Engines. Fire, 322.
Engines, Steam, 279, 348.
Files, 300.
Fishing Lines, 144.
Flour, 152.
Forges, Portable, 72,
Furnaces, Heating, 281, 283.
Furniture, 149, 346.

Furs, 167, 182.

Globes, 36.

Goods, woolen and worsted, 341.

Handkerchiefs, 161.

Hardware, 343.

Hats, 166, 167.

Hinges, 342.

Horse and mule jewelry, 342.

Horseshoes, 43, 48.

Hydrants, 323.

Iron, 43» 48, 70, 71. 305. 314-

Iron work, 178, 348, 349.

Journal bearings, 343.

Knit Goods, 67, 70, 184, 189, 334. 335.

Knitting Machinery, 71, 183.

Laundry Machinery, 193, 347.

Leather, 350.

Machinery, 71, 72, 183, 193, 334, 348.

Malleable Iron, 156, 302.

Malt, 194.

Mantels, 196, 298.

Monuments, 212.

Mowing Machines, 213.

Oil, Linseed, 156, 227.

Paint, 228.

Paper, 229, 231, 335.

Photographs, 183, 232, 233.

Picture Frames, 349.

Pipe, gas, steam and water, 72.

Planes, Carpenters, 343.

Plaster, 152.

Railroad Rails, 305-314.

Rivets, Boiler, 48.

Sash and blinds, 263.

Shawls, 341.

Sheet-iron ware, 165.

Shirts, 78, 79, 82, 273, 275.

Skirts, women's, 161.

Snaps, Harness, 342.

Steel, 305-314, Umbrellas, 320.

Stocks, 334. Valves, 322.

Stoves, 156, 281, 285. Varnishes, 324.

Stove Lining, 279, 345. Veneers, 333.

" Polbh, 285. Warp, Cotton, 349.

Surveyors' Instruments, 103. Wire, 343.

Tinware, 165. Wire Cloth, 343.

Tools, 71, 343. Woods, 333.

Twines, 320. Wood Work, 72. 333, 343, 344.

INDEX.

(The names of firms and those of pastors of churches are omitted.)

Abrams, T. D., 23, 278.
Adams, Alonzo P., 192, 347.

Chas. H., a^, ^, 70, 189, 191.
** James, 321.
** Nathaniel. 43, 3V 7.
•• William P., 70.
Aird, Andrew, 328.

•* Henry, 72.
Albertson, J. P.. 17, 23.
Alden, Alonzo, 153, 177, 178, 237, 298.

•* Charles L., 184, 318, 319.
Allen, Amos., 10.
•• Edward C, 34^.
•• Arthur H.. 247.
" Frederick P., 18, 88, 176, 319.
*• George, 295.
** Morgan A., 136.
Anderson, James, 137.

jr.. Elbert, 322.
Andres, Stephen, 204, 207.
Annesley, W., 64.
Anthony, Asa, 162, 199.
C. H., 3.
" Jesse B., 64, 201.
** , Jesse, 207,
Archibald, J. C, 75.
Armitage, John W., 273.
Armstrong, Sterling, 40.
Amberg. C. T., 311.
Arnold, Anson, 20.
Arts, John L., 46, 48.

•• M. H., 135.
Ashley, Abram, 153.
•* James F., 325.
** Stephen, 88, 124, 156, 198,
237. 290.
Asylums, 9, 345.

Atwood, Anson, 283.
Aukam, Frederick G.. 161.
Austin, Charles M., 283.

" James N., 210.
Authier, J. M., 226.
Averill, Isaac, 329.
Avery, Lyman R., 22, 319, 337.
Ayres, John, 244.
Babcocic, George, 201, 312.

Wood, 74. 75.
Backus, E. F., 43,

** Michael, 124.
Bacon, Jesse, 198.

•• J. G.. 17, 22.
Baerroann, Palmer H., 337.
Bailey, Joshua, 68.

" Thomas H , 135.

** William, 132, 135.
Bainbridge, Robert, 121.
Baker, William V., 178. 183.

" William T., 331.
Balch. L. H., 154
Baldwin. George C, 26, 28, 30, 267.

" Samuel N., 69.
Ball, EUphalet. 12.
•* George H.. 319.
•• John C, 275. '
** L. Chandler, 256.
Ballou, Edgar, 135.
Bancker, Flores, 292, 329.

J. D., 22.
Barker, Stephen W., 334.

** W., 86.
Barnes, William, 349.

•* William H.. 349.
Bamum, Frederick W., 348.

Theodore F., 184, 296, 348.

854

Barrett, William, 210.
Barton, £. D., 22.

Richard C, 298.
William, 285.
BasUble, David, 287.
Bates, Harris W., 199

" John W., 17.
Baucus, William J., 17, 18.
Bayner, Henry, 127.
Beach, Miles, 57, 201, 285.
Beattie, David, 266.
Beck, Lewis C, 171.

** T. Romeyn, 171, 174.
Becker, Henry H., 4, 5.
Becket, Littleton, 212.
Bedell, Gilbert C, 339.
Beers, S. A., 155.
Beiderbecke, H., 193.
Beiermeister, sr., Frederick, 86.

jr., Frederick, 85.
Belcher, Abram, N., 20, 146.
Belden, Edward £., 99.
** Emerson, 156.
Belding, W. A., 57.
Bell. F. H., 335.
Bellows, W. H., 22.
Bemis, Luke, 320.
Benedict, T. Lee, 159.
Bennett, Lyman, 17, 20, 59, 74, 75, 267.

R. J., 151, 346.
Benson, Benjamin D., 36.
Berg, Jacob. i8o.
Berkowits, Isaac, 181.
Best, J. A., 184.
Betts, Benjamin, 204.

" C. E., 290.
Bigelow, Thaddeus B., 10, 20, 246,

316, 319.
Bills, Alfonzo, 23, 318.
Billings, C. W.. 196.
*• Edward A., 28.
" Edwin A., 197.
Bingham, E. W., 274.
Bird, John, 106, 107, 198.
Birdseye, Charles C, 67.
Birce, Joseph T., 290.
Bishop, Charles B. 23.

** Jacob, 108, 109, 117.
Black, Richard T.. 289.
Blackman, A. S., 341.

Blair, George T., 237.
Blake, Frederick, 36.

•* Robert, 332.
Blanchard, Edwin D., 77, 298.

" John L., 23, 85.

•* Joseph. 186.

Blatchford. Samuel, 171, I74> 332.
Bleecker, John, 339.

•* Thomas W., 246.
Bloomingdale, John, 137.
Boardman, Derrick L., 178.
H. F., 23, 178.

" John, 316.

Bockes, M. J., 17.
Bogardus, Bobert, 155.
Bolton, C, 189.

" Edward, 62.
Bomford, George, 339.
Bonesteel, Albert E., 22.
Bontecou, D. Frank, 328.
Bosworth, Foster, 201, 237.

" Charles H., 4, 5.
George S.. 135.
Boughton, Edward M., 167.
E. H.. 167.
Ezra W., 167.

** Josiah, 117.

** Stephen, 117.

William H., 153.
Bounds, Daniel, 153.
Bouton, Nathan, 108, 109.

Stephen, 108.
Boutwell, Charles A.^ 153.

*• Oliver, 212, 302.
Bowman^ Cassius, 85.

jr., Joseph, 85, 86.

" sr., Joseph, 85.
Bradley, Arthur W., 154.

** Sarah, 117.

*• William, 14, 15, 109, 270.
Bradt, William H., 134.
*' Chauncey D., 326.
Brannan, John A., 133.

•* Thomas B., 135.
Brennan, George J., 325.

'* William H., 325.
Breslin, Thomas, 334.
Brewster, Ammi, 320.

*' Benjamin, 3T2.

** Orson, 23.

855

Brieger, Ernest W., 287.
Briggs, Amos. 256.

•• David C, 86.
Brinkerhoff, John, 305.

** William, 252.

Brinsmade, T. C, Ii3» 174.
Brintnall, Charles E., 145, 146.
*• Joseph, 127.
" Lemuel, 28.
Bristol, Flavia M. , 99.

** George. 99.
Britton, John T.. 319.

" S. W.. 17.
Broom6eld, George, 133.
Broaghton, Henry, 167.
Brower, Abraham, 245.
Brown, Charles A., 23, 184.

** Charles K., 20.

*• Ebenezer, 74.

•• F. Gilbert. 163.

•* Jacob, 212,

•* James, 242.

*• Jonathan. 14,

*' Nehemiah. 244.

" William, 145, 146.
Bruce, Charles E., 82.
Bmck, Michael, 181.
Bryan. Richard S., 117.
Buckingham, Gideon, 242, 244.
Buckley, Lawrence, 288.

•• P. H., 10.

*^* Thomas, 300.
Buel, David, 114, 127, 231, 236.

" jr., David 10. 106, 107, 108, loq.
114, 174. 270.

•• Elam N., 134.

** James, 22, 23.
Buell, Fred F., 166, 298, 320.

'* William C, 168, 228.
Bull, G. H.. 199.

" Rice C, 23. 154.
Bullions, Samuel S., 24.
BuUis, Frederick, 96.
Bundy, Thomas P., 320.
Bunnell, Abel, 28.
Burchmore, Samuel C,
Burden, Helen, 247.

** Henry, 43, 44, 46, 245, 247.

257. 3".
•* I. Townsend, 46, 247.

Burden, James A., 24, 46, 48, 247.

" John. 85,

" William. F., 46.
Burdett, Edward A., 283.

*' George C, 23, 48.

** Lillian, 116.
Burdick. Adelbert T., 135, 153.
Burr, Aaron, 9.
'* Jonathan, 16.
** Theodore, 329.
Burrage, E. W.. 320.
Burritt, Ely, 203.
Burrows, Enoch, 339.

** Jabez, 339.
Burtis, O. F.. 283.
Burton, Benjamin P., 333.

** James, 334.

" Lebbeus, 24.

" William, 70, 134, 333.
Bush, Sidney, 345.

" jr., Walter R., 53.
Bushnell, C. S., 307.
Bussey, Esek, 283.

** T.Henry. 283.
Buswell. John G. 23, 231.
Butler, John, 153.

** Lewis, 212.
Button, Lysander, 332.

" T. E., 332.
B3rram, Theodore, A., 182, 287.
Byron, Patrick, 137.

" Thomas E., 138.
Cady, Daniel, 155.
Caird, James, 117, 122.
Calder, A. G. H., 24.
* ' John D. W., 14.
" J. Frank. 14.
" Philip A., 94.
Caldwell. James B., 287.
Campbell, George, 334,

John, 338, 340.
Candee, Joel G., 199.
Can6eld, David, 204.
Cannon, Le Grand, 155, 298, 311, 312.
Card, John M., 165.
Carlin, Joseph, 209, 210.
Camell, John R., 300.
Carpenter, E., 17.

Ira H., 303.
'* James H., 174.

356

Carr, David« 19.

*• Joseph B.. 7, 56. 153.
Carroll, John T., 177.

•• Thomas B., 201, 271, 267.
Carter, Charles, 343.
•• Cyrus, 28, 343.
" Edward, 343.
" L. 343.
" Richard, 343.
Cary, Robert T., 136.
" Sydney T., 94.
** Zenas, 142.
Cas^, William, 320.
Cassin, John J., 221.
Caswell, Herbert M., 134.
Catlin, George, O., 297.
Chadwick, Joseph, 69.

P. Remsen, 69.
William N., 69.
Champney, L. C, 327.
Chapin, Edward H., 134, 337.
Chapman, George W. 334.
Isaac, 338.
James, 137.
" Josiah, 303.
W. A., 151.
Charette, Joseph, 261.
Chase, Waldo K., 303.
Chellock, Bernstein A., 181.
Cheney, Warren E., 123.
Chesebro, Israkiah W., 66.
Chichester, Jeremiah, 16.
Christie, George, 210.
John S., 22.
John T., 23, 323.
•* Robert, 22.
Church, Andrew M., 24, 96, 99.
** Charles R , 94.
•' Harvey, 17.
** H. Robbins, 297.
•• H. S., 283.
Cipperly, John W., 24, 176.
Clark, A., 167.
*' Asaph, 245.
*• Charles C , 221.
" C. H., 137.
•• J. Willard. 90.
*' Louis Gaylord, 44.
•• Otis G., 12, 18, 24, 30, 69, 131.
*' Zephaniah, 36.

Clatworthy, John, 298, 300.
Cleary, William V., 222,
Clegg, William D., 319.
Cleminshaw, Charles, 20, 82, 119, 286.
Clendinnen, William F., 327.
Cleveland, William, 204.
Clexton, Samuel R., 21.
Clinton, DeWitt, 226, 268, 319.
Close, John T., 16.
Clowes, Thomas, 237.
Cluett, Ann B., 119.

" Edmund, 233.

•• Frederick H., 233.

•• George B., 12, 23, 79, 119, 203.

•* J. W. A., 79, 233, 303, 305.

•• Robert, 79.
Ciute, Jeremiah, 71.
•• John, 71. 334.
Coffee, William, 319.
Cofieen, Henry, 315,
Cohen, David, 103.

'• Jacob, 181.
Cole, Edmund, 99.
" H. W., 80, 81. 189.
•• John C, 176.
•* Reuben, 28.
** Spencer, 176.
Coleman, A. N., 181,

Charles S., 301.
•• Thomas, 17, 18, 24, 69, 316,
319. 320.
Collings, Henry, 133.
Collins, Andrew D., 127, 135.

** Cornelius v., 94.

•* Ebenezer, R., i6o.

*• George R., 297.

** Lucius, 301.

'' Michael F , 222, 226.

" Thomas, 263.

" W. T., 300.
Collison, R. C, 160.
Colwcll, Thomas, 22, 71.
Conaty, Cornelius A,, 315.
Congdon, James H., 133.
Conkey, Charles F., 21, 194, 196.
Conkling, Allen, 348.
Connolly, Edward J., 166.
•' John, 165, 166.
Connors, Timothy, 136.
William, 228.

857

Consalus, John, 334, 344-
Converse, George G., 94.
" John, 43.
Josiah, 28.
Perrin W., I2, 94.
Conway, J. H., 154.
Cook, Alfred, 135.
*• Paul, 276.
•• Roblcy D., 297.
*• Thomas B., 247.
Cooley, Lucius M., 22.
Coon, D. W., 81.
" Hiram, 124.
** J. H.. 80, 81.
Coonradt, Henry, 182.
Cooper, Sylvester, 212.

William S., 153.
Corbin, Pliny M., 21, 246.
Corey, John, 109.
Corliss, Charles H., 77.
- John A., 77.

John M., 21, 77.
Wilbur F., 77.
Cornell, Joseph, 278. ^^
'* Latham, 17, 28.
Coming, Charles W., 133.
'* Douglas, 86.
'* Erastus, 247.

jr., Erastus, 305, 311, 312.
'* sr., Erastus, 180, 247. 305,

311, 312, 314.
** Gurdon, 16, 18, 201, 295,
316.

James, 133.
Wil

iTilliam M., 20.
Corse, Albert R., 135.
Cottrell, Charles C, 9.
Coutie, George, 279.

" William, 279.
Covell, Benjamin, 127, 237, 292, 294.

*• Lemuel, 25,

" Silas, 24, 25, 127,

'* Stephen, 127.
Covert, James C, 342.
* Madison, 342.
Cowee, David, 22, 69, 92, 268.

•* Farwell. 92.

** James F., 92, 178.
Cox, David B., 18, 20.
•* D. B., 319.

Cox, William, 122.
Craft, Moses, 165.
Cram, DeWitt C„ 265.
Cramer, George H., 23, 24, 178.

*' John, 16, 171.
Crampton, Albert, 156.
Crandall, Joseph, 303.

** Ix>uis S., 169, 170.
Crandell, Otis N., 62.
Crawford, George A., 136.
Crissey, Isaac W., 131.

*• William G., 18, 134.
Cronin, John S., 319.
Cross, George, 320.
Crossen, Asa, 59.
Cruikshank, Robert, 252.
Cummings, Franklin, 320.

M. F., 7, 30, 58, 92, 122,
124.
Cunningham, Alexander G., 263.

William O., 113, 231,

319.
Curran, James E., 146.
Curtis, A. G., 72.
** Caleb, 204.
" H. C, 82.
** Mary M., 72.
** Montgomery G., 166.
" Zachariah, 198.
Cusack, Edward, 327.

** James W . 298, 327.
Cushman, John P., 16, 339.
Cutler, Clarence B., 7, 253.
Daggett, Joseph, 17.
Dalliba, James, 339.
Dana, Stephen W., 16.
Danforth, Edward, 266.
Daniels, Albe C, 149.

Mary E., 333.
Danker, Jacob, 199.
Darling, Edwin £., 159.

•* Henry H., 20, 159.
Dater, C. W., 85.
** Jacob, 326.
•* John, 346.
*• Philip, 326.
Dauchy, Charles, 151.

Henry B., 123, 178, 349.
•' Jeremiah, 132, 242, 244, 270.
John B., 349.

358

Dauchy, Nathan, i6, io8, 109, 133.

•* Samuel, 117, 159.
Davenport, Nelson, 213, 319.
Davidson, Gilbert C., 305.

" Richard, 247.

Davies, Richard, 32.
Davis, Edward I., 153.
** George R., 20, 236, 237.
*• Helen S., 246.
" jr., Henry, 136.
** Jonathan, 127.
" John ter, 246.
" jr., Ricnard, 16.
" J. Thomas, 146.
•' Lemuel H., 151.
** Thomas, 106, 107, 138,
Daw, George P., 259.

" Peter F., 66.
Dearborn, Henry, 102.
DeCamp, Henry, 238.
John, 238.
DeForest, David, 305.
DeFreest, Albert. 236.

Charies R., 319.
*• Charles W., 192, 193.
*' Isaiah, 346.

" James T., 193.
" Jerome E., 132.
R. M., 189.
DeGolyer, Joseph, 303, 324.

•• Watts, 324.
DeLancy, Charles D., 309.
Delevan, Henry W., 43.
Demarest, Samuel, 330.
Deming, Henry A., 134.

L. D., 278.
Dennis, Stephen A., 327.
Derrick, S. Nelson, 133, 178.
DeWinter, Bastiaen, 338.
DeWitt, Simeon, 171.
De Zouche, L. H., 53.
Dibble, Charles, 209.
Dickermau, James E., 85.

L. H.. 226.
Dickinson, John D., 14, 16, 171, 187,

339-
Dickison, Daniel, 329.
Disbrow, Charles H., 68.
Doane, William Croswell, 113, 121,
122, 123.

Dodge, William T., 23.
Doe, N. B., 332.
Dolan, Edward, 237.
Dole, James, 187, 198.
Don, John, 20, 279.
Dv»nahue, William H., 135.
Doolittle, David, 203.
Doring, Charles, 12.

*• Charles F., 328.

•* Joseph C, 328.
Dorlon, Elias, 17, 167.

•• Philip S., 22.
Doughty, William Howard, 12, 20, 174.
Douglass, Alanson, 16, 17.

*' Benjamin, 203.
Charles S.. 17.

*• Jonathan H., 330.
Dow, Lorenzo, 204.
Dowling, Thomas A., 138.
Dowsley, K. B., 334.
Doyle, M., 346.
Drake, Charles F., 350.

** Francis, 350.
Draper, Frederick E., 289.

** Stephen, 144, 145.

" William H., 145.
Dudley, Henry. 116.
Dugan, Joseph P.. 167.
Duke, John, 24.
Dummer, H. B., 285.
Duncan, Charles, 50.
Dunham, Calvin B., 169.
Calvin B., 169.

•• Isaac W., 266.
T. M., 85, 189.
Dun, R. G., 203.
Dunn, John, 302.
Dunspaugh, Merrill, 288.
Durfee, Z. S., 311.
Durkee, Harrison, 17, 20.
Dusenberry, Charles E., 18, 24.

Henry O., 160.
Dyer, Clinton M., 189.
Earl, Gardner, 22, 77, 287, 288.
'* William S., 77.
" Willard, 339.
Eaton, Amos, 73.
•• A. H.. 281.
** Edward O., 51.
*' George E., 221.

859

Eaton, Orsamus, 50, 51.
Eddy, Charles, 18.

** Clarence, 251.
• James A., 318.

'* Titus, 22, 212.
Edgley, Thomas, 121, 133.
Edmans, Fred. P., 290.
Edson, O. W.. 74. 75.
Edwards, A. F., 256.
*' Jonathan, 201.

R. W., 154.
Efnor, John, iq8.
Egberts, Egbert, 65, 68, 70.
Eggleston, ZinaP., 207.
Egolf, Joseph, 153, 289, 320.
Eldridge, Hezekiah, 203.

*' Stephen, 242, 244.
Elliott, A. B,, 222, 273.
Ellis, Lyman,. 198.

** Marvel, 198.
Ennis, George H., 276, 279, 305.
Ensign, Pcrely, 229.
Erben, Henry, 109. 261.
Ericsson, John, 307.
B^vans, Henry, 121.

•* C. P., 245.
Everett, Edgar L., 9, 182.

*• Lorenzo C., 9.
Fairlee, George, 251.
Fairweather, James H., 160.
Fales, Andrew B., 24, 283, 319.

•* Francis A., 24, 252, 334.

** Joseph, 23, 337.
Famham, Charles W., 278.
Famam, Franklin W., 24, 122, 124.
Fassett. John V., 92, 94.
Faulkner, Jonas C., 133.
Feibel, Nathan, 180.
Fellows, Abraham, 59, 327.
A. C, 21, 75, 82.
Ferguson, William, 235, 349.
Field, Mary H., 270.
Filer. Henry P., 319.

" Zephaniah, 316.
Filley, Marcus L., 156, 283.
Finch, Andrew. 245.
Firth, J. J.. 137.
Fischer, J., 72.
G., 72.
Fisher, Geoi^e, 327.

Fisk, L. C, 94.

" William L., 331.
Fitch, Dennis M., 22, 114.

*• Theodore C, 246.
Fitzgerald, Edmund, 40, 201.
** John, 40.

*' Michael, 40.

Patrick J., 135.
Fitzpatrick, Philip, 154, 289.

*• William, 153.

Fitzsimons, Bernard, 349.
Flack, Clarence, N., 145.
" Daniel H., 145.
** George A., 160.
** Isaac G., i6o.
" William A., 160.
Flaag, John, 99.

" John L., 57, 201, 319.
" Melzer, 114.
Fleming, James, 22.

" James G., 181.
Flood, Roger A., 22.
Fogarty, Cornelius, 346.
Follctt, Benjamin F., 319.
Fonda, Douw, 64.

James R., 237.
Ford, Daniel W., 22» 300.
" Hiram A., 137.
•* Ira, 108.
" S. V. R., 82.
Forrest, Andrew J., 135.
Forsyth, James, 41. ill, 123, 174, 347.

** Nelson, 267.
Foster, Samuel, 102, 188.
Fowler, A. L., 138.

Thomas, 68.
Fox, A. Gregory, 133.

" Joseph, 189.
Francis, Charles S., 219.
" John M., 218.
•* William M., 345.
Franklin, Benjamin, 103.

John H., 189.
Frank, Stephen, 209.
Frazer, William, 237.
Frear, William H., 20, 99, 147.
Freeman, Edwin H., 246.
** George H., 21, 318.
** Jonathan W., 20, 237.
French, Theodore F., 339.

Frink, Isaac, 338.
Fry, George, 166.

Fuller, Joseph W., 12, 24, 113, 123,
271, 281, 318.
Martha W., 113.
Fursman, E. L., 319.
Gable, N. J., 48.
Gabriels, Henry, 268.
Gage, George, 334.

*' John, 334.
Gaitley, John E., 136.
Gale, Alfred deForest, 91, 298, 318.
•• Edward C, 228.
** E. Thompson, 16, 23, 24, 57,
91, 92» 133, 151, 174, 217,
246, 256, 298, 300, 318, 319.
" John B., 54, 92, 246, 318.
" Mary, 246,
•* jr., Samuel, 92, 94, 138, 203,

236, 245, 246, 277, 339.
** sr., Samuel, 198, 237, 292. 294.
" William, 92.
Galligan, John M., 137, 138.
Gallup, William H., 86.
Galusha, Henry, 159, 213.

'* Elijah, 149,

Gardner, George, 217.

JeflFerson, 73, 75. 77, 207,

271, 273-
** LeviB. 135.
'* Nathaniel B., 153.
Garner, Thomas, 67.
Gamsey, J. Spencer, 18, 287, 319.
Garrett, Elmer H., 77.
Gary, William, 117.
Gates, James P., 28.
Gaynor, Patrick H., 153.
Gay, Willard, 22, 318.
" Willard F., 228.
• Geer, jr., Gilbert, 176, 184, 320.

** William C, 176.
Genet, Edmund Charles, lOi.
Germain, S. W., 343.
Gerretsen, Goosen, 323, 328.
Gibbons, James, 338, 343.
Gibbs, Albert B., 23, 156.
" Luman H., 23, 156.
Gibson, George W., 278.
Gifford, John, 303.
Gilbert, Angelica, 270

Gilbert, jr., Ashael, 10, 114.
'* Benjamin, 108.

Edward G., 53, 3I9-
" Frank, 22, 180, 335.

Henry L., 155.
" Joseph L., 116.

Liberty, 12, 21, 335.
Uri, 12, 17, 23. 24, 50, 51, 53.
116, 201, 318, 319.
" William E., 53, 133, 319.
Giles, S. W., 180.
Gillen, Michael, 136.
Gillespie, Jason J., 22.
Gillis. G. H., 301.
Glass, Robert, 5.
Gleason, Dennis, 136.

** Samuel O., 5, 22.
Gnadendorff, Herman, 5.
Godson, James Q , 137.
" Thomas, 146.
Goldsmith, Thomas, 328
Goodrich, Charles S. J., 114.

*' sr., Samuel, 204.
Goodspeed, Anthony, 24, 294.
Goodwin, Simon, 127.
Gordinier, H. W., 170.
Gorham, Shubael, 187.
'• Stephen, 187.
Gorton, Benjamin, 73, 198, 237.
Gould, George, 319.
Grace, John, 185.
Graham, Henry, 209.
Walter, 154.
Granger, Austin, 74.
Grant, E. F., 17, 20.
'* Gurdon, 10, 16.
•' L. D., 189.
•* Peter, 212.
Gratz, Emanuel, 180.
Graves, Aaron H., 160, 249.
Frank B., 326.
Luther R.. 22.
Gray, Archibald, 204.
Green, Albert H., 146.

Charles F., 135, 137.
" Chauncey O.. 319.
*• Edward, 252.
" Edward M., 134, 178.
" Edward P., 135.
Hannibal, 20, 178,

361

Green, Henry G.. 124.
" J. Crawford, 137, 149.
** Moses C, 135, 178.
Greene, David M., 20, 337.
Greenman. Josiah, 217.
( xregory, Alexander, 68.
'* Matthew, 329.
" William, 153.
Willidm M., 68.
Grenell, Thomas. 117.
Griffith, Lewis E., 153.

P. G., 10.
Grippin, William A., 302.
Griswold, Chester, 311, 312.
Frank B., 343.
George, 155.

John A.. 20, 94. 151. 159.
201, 257, 285. 307, 309,
3"» 312.
" John Wool, 12, 311, 343.
Gross, Louis, 180.
'* Morris, 59.
Gunnison, Albert C, 17.
Gurley, Lewis E., 11, 12, 21, 28, 30,
104, 271, 276, 287, 303. 318.
•* William, iSl 21, 30, 104, 131,
174, 271, 318, 319.
Hadley, Amos K., 319, 320.
Hagan, Frank Co veil, iii.

William E.. 5, ill, 133, 276.
Hagen, Joseph J., 286.

•* William, 319, 320.
Haight, H. B., 350.
I. N., 192.
'* Ransom S., 142.
•• S. B., 350.
•• William D., 242, 244.
Hakes, Jeremiah S., 17.
Hale, M. D. Moses, 174.
Hall, Aaron, loi.
•• Andreas, 124,
'* Benjamin H., 161, 318, 319.
" John M., 315.
'• Richard F., 133, 337.
•• William L., 275.
Hallagan, John, 192.
Hamblin, Myron C., 191.
Hamlin, A. P., 274.
Hanaman, C. E., 21, 305.
Hanchette, John E., 153.

Hancox, C. D., 278.

Handy, Isaac F., 134, 153, 298.

Hanks, Alpheus, 33.

•* Julius, 33. 103. 244, 33.8, 343.
•* Oscar, 33, 104. 240.
*• Truman, 33.
Hansom, L. O., 53.
Harden, C. H., 289.
Hardenbrook, Abel, 132.
Harder. Frank P., 221.

William A., 189.
Hardin, T. L, 341.
Hardy, George R., 232.

" W. D., 287.
Harmony, Peter, 67.
Harison, Francis, iii, 113.
Harpham, Joshua, 108.
Harrington, Joseph H., 153, 228.
jr., A. W.. 228, 298.
Harris, John R., 319.
Harrison, Albert, 137.

George, 28, 183, 302.
William W., 90.
Hart, Betsy A., 1 1, 245, 267, 318.
- C. W., 285.
** Isaac B., 17, 165, 256.
•• Jacob, 165.
" Jacob A., 127.
" Mary E , 174.
** jr., Philip. 295, 339-
•* Richard P., 10, 16, 18, 20, 201.

127. 270. 339-
** William Howard, 174, 318.
•• William, 339.
*' William C, 14. 22.
•• Jonathan, 339.
Hartt, Charles P., 16, 20, 22, 36, 242.
Hartwell, Charles E., 275.
Harty, Thomas, 124.
Harvey, Apollo, 28.
Harwood, Grove M,, 176.
Hasham, Stephen, 59.
Haskin, William P., 20.
Haslehurst, Theodore E., 176.
Hastings, G. L., 75.
** John, 350.
Hathaway, S. A,, 331.
Haverly, Sylvanus, 99.
Havermans, Peter, 3, 9, 10, 54, 259,
261, 268.

363

Hawley, Edwin P.. 221.
•* Lemuel, 106, 295.
** Ralph, 22, 316.
William S., 221.
Hay, Gurdon, 9.
Hayner, Calvin, 23.
H. Z., 320.
Irving. 319, 349.
Haynes, L. M. S.. 26, 28.
Hazer, George W., 153.
Heartt, Albert P.. 163
*' Benjamin, 162.
•• Catharine, ili.
Charles S., 163.
" Emily Fitch, 246.
" Jonas C, 16, 23. Ill, 131, 151,

163, 201, 256, 300.
" Jonas S., 23, 163, 346.
** Philip, 36, 163. 217, 238.

P. T., 20, 163,.
•• William, 117.
Heilbrunn, Isaac, 180.
Heimstreet, T. B., 319.
Hemstraet Diederik, 64.
Henderson, James A., 285.
J. C, 283.
** William H. 319.

Henry, H. Ashton, 113, 119.

'* Jacob, 279.
Herrmann, Adolph, 161.
Herman, Max. 84, 275.
Herrick, Clinton B., 169.

" Stephen H., 127,
Herrington, Hiram, 344.
Heywood, Mary, 270.
Hickok Ezra, 187, 329.

" James, 14.
Hicks, George W., 22, 199.
" Joseph, 345. •
" M. W.. 74, 75.
*' William, 345.
Hill, Alonzo W., 154. 320.
Hiller, Jonathan, 68.
Hillebrandt, August, 223.
Hillhouse, Thomas, 106.
HilUker, Edward, 147.
Hillman, Isaac, 210.

" Joseph, 22, 177, 262.
Himes, J. W., 334, 335-
Hinds, James, 199.

Hiscox, H. C, 30.
Hitchins, John, 22.
Hitchcock, Charles II., 136.
'* G. A., 136.
** George, 86.
" James H., 33.
Hobart, John H., 109.
Hoffman, Andrew, 331.
Hogben, Edward, 154.
Holdridge, Arnold H., 77.
Hollands, jr., William, 341.

William, 331, 341.
Hollenbeck, C. E., 300.
Hollcy, Alexander L., 174, 309. S".

** Orville L., 174.
Hollister, William H., 160.

jr., William H., 12.
Holmes, Charles A., 94, 319-

** Henry, 84.
Holroyd, George E., 332, 334.
James, 332, 334-
** William, 332, 334» 34 1-
Homer, James, 305.
Hopkins, E., 174.
Horribin, W. T., 72.
Horrocks, John, 70.
Horton, George W., 278.
Hosford, James L., 36.
Philip D., 4.
Hotchkin, A. L , 149.
House, Abel, 238.

'* Edward O., 79, 80.
" Elijah S., 22.
•• Hiram, 17, 18, 77.
** John, 16.
•• John M., 79.
" Samuel A., 79.
♦* William M., 80.,
Howard, Ezra S., 39.
*♦ William 17.
Howe, Hezekiah, 66.
" James H., 23.
** John K., 23, 163, 344-
Howes, William J., 23.
Howland, Gardner, 231, 268.
** Joseph, 229, 231.
•* Thomas, 231.
Hijyle, Philip, 209.
Hoyt, James, I45»
•* James B. , 349.

Hoyt, Stephen F., 226.
Hubbard Ruggles, 145, 236.
Hubbell, Henry R., 17.
Mark H., 134.
Hudson, Daniel, 210, 346.

** Samuel, 135.

" William H., 183.
Huff, Philip, 320.
Hughes, George, 229.
Hull, L. H., 153.
Humphrey, D. H., 22, 23.
Hunt, Enoch, 210.

" Robert W., 154, 298, 311, 312,

314.
Hunter, Aaron, 160.
'• John, 160.
Huntingdon, S. G., 199.
Huntington, Elizabeth P., 270.
Hurcomb, Walter F.. 192.
Hurstfield, Charles, 40.
Hurley, Thomas, 252.

*' T. J., 252.
Hntchins, Charles, P., 40.
Hutton, Christopher, 14, 294.

*• sr., Timothy, 238.
Hyde, Joseph, 153.
Hydom, Levi W., 153.
Ide, Fred B., 85.
" George P., 22, 82, 180, 275, 288,
" James M., 82.
" John C, 84.
•* Samuel N., 77, 82.
Ingalls, Hiram B., 20.
" Sarah W.. 270.
" Truman E., 252.
Ingersoll, Edwin D., 303.
Ingram, Henry, 22.
" James H., 134.
" O. S., 137, 298.
Institute, Rensselaer Polytechnic, 171,

347.
Irving, James, 233.
Irvin, William, 244, 249, 315.
Isham, John P., 3.
Israel, Aaron, 180.
Jackson, Peter, 246.
Jacobs, Jacob, 119.
Janes, Elijah, 14, 187.
Janvrin, L. H., 301.
Jefferson, Martha, 18.

Jenkhis, George W., 153.
Jennings, Thomas J., 138.
Jessen, John F., 189.
Jewett. Gilbert W.. 146.
Johnson, Charles W., 167.
** Elias, 17, 256.

" J. c. 331.

" Moses, 287.

Noble S., 25.
•* William, 233.
" W. Irving, 300.
Johnston, David J., 67, 322..

Robert, 67.
Jones, Charles H„ 301.

" Ebenezer, 16, 25, 33, 127, 316,
" E. P., 12,
" James Horace, 124.
" John H., 342.
*' John M., 342.
** J. M. Warren, 298.
** Lewis, 212.
** Martin H., 71.
** Richard W., 342.
** Richmond, 199.
" Walter A., 342.
Joslin, John J., 22.
Judso^, A. E., 62.
" C. T.. 62.
David, 62.
Kane, N. T., 184.
Kasson, R. N., 154.
Keating, Thomas, 136.
Keeler, Isaac, 329.

** James S., 199,
Keeling, Adam, 24, 25.
Keenan, James, 181.
Kehn, Elias, 21, 318.
Keith, Isaac, 149, 201.

** Robert, 346.
Kellogg, Charles H., 17. 88, 90.
*• Day O., 10, 174, 201. 256.
** Giles, B., 22, 316.
** James H., 287, 302.
*' John B., 23.
** Josiah, 117.
Justin, 319.
'• Orin, 23.
" Warren T., 72, 90.
William P.. 88, 90.
Kelley, James, 348.

364

Kelly, Henry, 347.
'• W. John. 177.
•* John T., 319.
Kemp, James, 39
'* Martha £., 119.
" jr., William. 213,
•* Rebecca C, 119.
•• William, 12, 23 39, 56, 119,
201, 213, 271, 286, 318.
Kennedy, Michael, 349.
WUliam, 40.
William S., 146.
Kenyon, Riley W., 199.

T. E., 296.
Kerr, John, 17, 20. 247, 344.

" R. A.. 154.
Ketcham, Hezekiah, 329.
Ketchum, Joel, 204.
Kidd, Archibald, 301.
Kilmer, C. E., 86.
Kimball, Charles P., 145.
'* Edmund, 145.
*' Henry D., 207.
** James E., 24, 145.
Kimberly, George H., 34.
Kincaid. W. H., 296.
King, Daniel B., 334.
" Eliphalet., 204.
•• Harvey, J., 12.
'* John F., 330.
Kinloch, Osman F., 137.
Kirsop jr., George, 23.
Kisselburgh, William E., 219.
Klein, John. 56,
Klock, jr., Daniel, 24, 263.
Knibbs, James 127. 134.
Knickerbocker. Johannes, 264.

" John, 330.

Knight, Caleb, 209.
*• Fitz Henry, 5.
" Joseph, 35.
•* Joseph H., 315.
** William, 302.
Knower, Benjamin, 341.

John, 341.
Knowlson Alexander M., 5, 6, 7.
" James S., 344.
John, 348.
Knox, John H.. 177, 315.
Koon, Henry, 321.

Kosciusko, Thaddeus, 167.
Kurth, W. H., 212.
LaFayette, Marquis de, 199.
Laker, Henry, 124.
Lambert, John 294.
Lancaster, Joseph, 264.
Landon, Gardner, 10.
** John, 198, 203.
** John M.. 146, 319.
Lane, Aaron. 165, 316.
** Derick, 165.
** George T., 24.
** Jacob L., 18, 20, 316.
*• Mrs. Jacob L., 253.
*' J. Lansing. 133, 137.
" Matthew, 245.
Lansing, Abraham Jacob, 186.
** Abraham L.. 321.
Frans, 64.
Gerritt T., 338.
** Hans, 64.
** Hendrick, 64.
Jacob D., 10.
John V. S., 65. 69.
** Levinus, 187.
Lantrow, John, 326.
Lape, F. N., 160.
•• Rufus, 283.
Large, W. E.. 160.
Lasell, Elias. 10, 117. 166.

" Samuel H.. 96.
Latham. William H., 136.
Lawrence. Qeorge H., 342.
John I., 67.
** Julius, 181.
J. W., 156.
Leach, Hosea, 149.
Leahy, Edward F., 7.
Leake, Frederick, 17, 20.
Learned, Edward, 338.
Lee, jr., Charles, 160.
" George H., 151, 346.
" William R , lOi.
Leet, Charles M., 153.
Lefferts, W. P. 184.
Leggett, John, 345.
'* Joseph A.. 345.
** Stephen C, 199.
Leith, Alexander, J., 312.
Lent, William A., 289.

Lesley, George, 165.
Lester, Augustas, 17.
Levy, Selig, 180.

** Solomon. 181.
Lewis, Russell W., 132, 133.
Lincoln, Jane Porter, 116.
Link, Calvin W., 178.
Lisk, Edward H., 252.
Little, Samuel, 289.
Livingston, Richard M., 145.

Robert R., 276.
Lloyd. James, 233.

*• James H., 134.
Lock wood, Charles N., 12, 20.
jr.. Thomas W., 168.
** Hanford, N.,23, 132, 174,

174. 201, 245.
Henry C, 23. 318.
Thomas N., 20.
** Thomas W., 21, 318, 326.

Lomax, Joseph D., 171.
Loomis. Roxanna A., 318.
Lovejoy, Isaac, 28.

Lovett, John, 187. ^

Loudon, John, 295.
Low, Nicholas, I3.
Loyzance, Joseph, 56, 261.
Ludden, Patrick A., 259.
Ludlow, Henry G., 12, 323.
Lundy, James, 40.
Lyman, E. C, 30, 154.
Lynsen, David B., 198.
Lyons. Lewis. 298.
MacArthur, Arthur, 221, 226.
MacArthur, Charles L., 103, 221, 225,

350.
Macbeth. Henry, 117.
Macdonald, John A., 177.

** William J., 134, 177.

MacGregor, Donald, 247.
Mackey, Cornelius, 224.
** John, 136.
'' W. G., 135.
Mackie, Francis W., 24.
Madden, Hubert, 136.
Magill, D. F., 7, 22, 137.
*' Thomas H., 181.
i '• Zeph F., 183, 233.
I Maginnis, Sarah, 290.
I ** Teddy, 290, 311.

Mahoney, Charles, 327.
Mahony, Michael, 178, 345.
Main, James T., 22.
Mairs, John, 22.
Mallary, Joel, 20, 21.
Mallory, Henry, 295.

" James, 270.
Mann, David, 23.

'* Elias P., 133, 137, 259, 298,

319.

** Francis N., 114, 116, 201, 228.

" jr., Francis N., 12. 23. 298.

•* H. R., 283.

*• T., 17.

*• W. H., 178.
Manne, Alexander, 181.
Manning, John A., 20, 231.
" J. G., 350.

William H., 231.
J. L., 287.
Manogue, E., 259.
Mansfield, W. K., 65.
Manwarring, Annie, 207.
Marble, Melville S., 134.
Marcy, William L., 295.
Marks, Emanuel, 327.
Markstone, Henry, 181.
Marryatt, Capt. Frederick, 213.
Marshall, Benjamin, 17, 170, 199.
John A., 86.
R. C, 290.
Martin, Marcus H., 266,
Marvin, Selden E., 312, 314.
Maschke, Edwin J., 12.
Masten, James H.,66, 331.
Master, W., 198.
Mastodon, 67.
Mather, F. O., 318.

'* John C, 22.
Maude, John, 32.
MauUin, Joseph, 79.
Maxcy, Eaton W., 119.
Mayell, Henry, 263.
Maynicke, Henry, 133.
Mc Bride, John, 50.
McCarthy, Charles, 22.

" Peter, 201, 327.
McChesney, sr., John, 237.
McClintock, John, 267.
McCoUum, William, 189.

366

McConihe, A. D., 154.

•• Alonzo, 23.

** Isaac, 16, 54, 174, 236.

•* jr., Isaac, 201.

McCoun, John, 107.

John T., 16, 20, 133, 151,

245. 316, 319.
John S , 10.

*' Samuel, 201.

•• Townsend, 14, 16, 18, 295.
McCoy, Percy B., 134.
McCrea, William T., 135.
McCreary, Harrison B., 300.
McDonald, John, 279.
McDowell, George H., 70.
McFarland, George H., 99.
McFarlan, James, 109.
McGrath, Charles H., 135.
McHafie. Robert, 68.
McKay, Joseph, 305.
McKenna, Edward J., 135.
McKeon, James, 135.
McKown, James, 14.
McLane, Susan N., 30.

** William D., 30.
McLean, John, 277.

Le Roy, 154.
McLeod, Charles A., 184, 283, 344.

*' Harvey S., 279.
McLoughlin, James E., 184.
McManus, William, 4, 145, 321.
McMillan, Alexander, 113.
McMurray, Michael, 154.
William, 189.
McNamara, George H., 224.

♦* David S., 17, 256.

McNaughton, S., 137.
McRae, Farquhar, 109.
Mearns, John, 288.
Mee, Barney, 311.
Meeker, William A., 94.
Meneely, A. H., 343.

'* Andrew, 343,

•* Charles D., 343.

** Clinton H.. 34, 315.
E. A., 343.
George R.. 343.
Merchant, M. F., 92.
Merriam, Homer, 35.

*• J. O., 283.

Merriam, William, 35.
Merrill, Carlton H., 94.

John V. D. S., 38.
Merritt, Charles H., 256.

** Daniel, 14, 107, 127, 147.
Henry A., 327.

" I. J., 319.

" Isaac, 127.

*' Jacob, 10, 16, 339.
Marvin, jr., Daniel, 207.
Millard, E. W., 320.

" J. A., 267.
Miller, Abram, 137.

•• Frank B., 275.

** H. B., 189.

•* Hiram, 17, 18, 30.

•* Justus, 23, 30, 274, 275.

" P. F.. 86.

** William. 124.
Milliman, N. B.. 319.
Miner, Samuel, 198.
Minkler, Albert, 137.
Mitchell, Howard E., 154.
Moffit, Hosea, 14.
MoUoy, Francis J., 160.

James E., 160.
Moncrief, Robert, 345.
Montague, Bernard, 287.

** Orlando, 74,

Moody, Dexter. 57.
Moore, Anson, 153.

*' A. B., 132.

" A. R., 22.

** Franklin, 135.

" John P.. 349.

** Joseph W., 154.

" Ransom B., 35.
Moran, John, 320.
Morehead, James, 119.
Moreland, James M., 72.

•* William J., 315.
Morey, Manley W., 160.
Morgan, A. B., 18, 23.

*' Ephraim, 14, 237, 294.

*' Gideon, 329.

'• Jonas, 187.

" Roswell R., 135.
Morris, Samuel, 349.
Morrison, Alexander, 155.
Edwin, 86, 137.

367

Morrison, George H., i8, 24, 102, 169
" Henry, 22.
'* James, 71, 72.
** jr., James, 23.

John, 156.
" Leonard, 170,
Moseley, William F., 86.
Mosher, Alfred, 21.

George A., 232, 276.
Moulton. Howard, 156, 198, 217, 270.
Mount, Samuel B., 149, 182.
Mowry, Leroy, 245.
Moyles, Henry, 348.
Mulford, Joseph N., 119.
Mulligan, Martin, 349.
Mullin, Anthony T. E., 173.

** Joseph, 173.
Munro, Alexander, 303.

" Stephen. 210.
Munson, Edward G. . 334.

" Garry. 334.
Murphy, jr., E..22, 40, 57, 201, 221.

*• sr., Edward. 40.
Murray, Edward F., 289, 290.
Myers, A. B., 146.
** Charles, loi.
*• [ohn, 325.
Nash, Abram, 245.
**- Alfred B.. 22.
" Michael, 262.
Nazro, Henry, 133, 165, 178.

'* John P., 16.
Neafust, William, 199.
Neemes, C. S., 348.

*• Joseph H., 348.
• \** Spencer, 348.
Neher, John H , 17, 22, 24.

Philip H., 24, 30, 174.
Neil, George, 70.
Nelson, Joseph, 64.
Newman, John L., 70.
Nichols, George F., 177.

" James H., 21.
Nimmo, Charles A., 303.
Nims, Henry B.. 35.
Norris, Frederick H., 297.
, Norton, John T., 305.
I " R. S., 79.
Ober, M., 85, 275.
; O'Brien, Charles, 301.

O'Brien, Frank, 315.
O'Donnell, Barney, 124.
** Thomas, 142.

Ogden, G. Parish, 14.
** Gouvemeur, 14.
" John G., 337.
Olin, Job S., 23.
Oliphant, Duncan, 329.
Oliver, G. W., 50.
O'Loughlin, Dennis, 137.
O'Neil, James, 23, 62.
Oothout, Hendrick, 155.
Jonas, 155.
** Volkert, 155.
Orr, Alexander, 230.
•* Alexander M.. 231, 302.
" Frederick W., 231.
" S. Alexander, 228, 231.
** William, 229, 230.
Orvis, Joseph U., 17, 23.
Osborne, William, 117.
Osgood, Jason C, 131.

** Martha Btandon, 102.
Ostrander, Francis A., 24, 346.

James, 345, 346.
Ostrom, Thomas L., 10, 14, 207.
O'Sullivan, J., 84, 275.
Otis, George H., 154, 288, 298. .
Ouderkerke, Cornelius. 64.
Packard, Angelo S., 38.
*' Augustus, 38.
•• Chauncey D., 38.
*• Davis, 38.
•• Eugene C, 38, 137.

Timothy, 38.
*• Warren P., 38.
Packer, George A., 23, 62.
Pafraets, Maria, 2.
Page, Benjamin F., 154.
•* Edward N., 70, 71.
•* Freeborn, 160.
" F. H„ 160.
Paine, Amasa, 270. .
** Eliza A., III.
*' E. Warren, 11 1, 231, 302.
" John, 10, 16, 20, 54, 339.
** John W., 302.
Palmateer, R. D , 331.
Palmer, George, 245, 329.
Parker, Frank L., 134.

Parker, William S., io6.
Park, Austin F., 276.
Parks, Sidney W., 145, 146.

** Stephen, 84.
Parmelee, Elias, 171.
Parmenter, F. W., 348.

*• Jerome B., 221.

Parris, J, J.. 301.
Parsons, J. H , 68.
•* L. S., 68.
Patchin, Thaddeus W., 16.
Patten, Jacob H.,288.
Patterson, Charles E., 344.
*' George, 136.
** Thomas W., 192, 350.
Pattison, E., 108, 109.
•* Elias, 10, 16, 339.
G. B., 228.
Patton, D. O., 85.

'* William N., 85.
Paulding, Commodore, 307.
Pawling, Albert, 16, 201, 237, 295.
Payfer, George M., 154.
Payne, Martin, 135.
Peabody, F. F., 81.
Pease, A. S., 221.
** John, 198, 294.
•• T. W„ 68.
Peck, Alfred G., 71.
'* Delavan, 348.
*' Eleazer A., 177.
" Isaac, 113.
Peckham, Reuben, 94, 231.

** William M., 94, 136.
Peebles, Hugh. 16, 106, 295.
Penniman, S. J., 189.

William C, 64.
Perry, Bennett, 213.
" George H., 24. .
** John S., 12, 199, 264, 325.
Peterson, S. A., 62.
Pettit, John, 329.

** Phineas S., 146.
Phalen, Patrick, 96, 99.
Phelps, Jonas H., 104.

•* Mrs. Lincoln. 116.
Phillips, Elias, 181.
** George H., 22.
** James L., 32.
Ralph. 160.

Phoenix, Mary Whitney, 121.
Pierce, Alfred H., 298.
** Hiram D., 154.
•' Jeremiah, 106, 198.
•* William, 236.
Pierson, Tob, 20.

" John B., 20.
Pine, A. J., 18.

•* James K. P., 20, 189, iqi.
** J. LeRoy, 296.
Piatt, Daniel W., 36.
" Ebenezer, 36.
•• John P., 226.
** William. 327.
Plum, Elias. 17, 201.
" Frederick, A., 263.
•* Henry H., 136.
Pollock, James, 136.

** Philander, 192, 350.
Pomeroy, George Q., 17.
Porter, John F., 287.
Potter, L., 283.

•• jr., Nathaniel, 23.
Powers, Albert E., 102, 189.
" John, 261.

Nathan B., 189.
Robert, 238.
William, 189.
Pratt, J. Hyde, 276.
** Robert J., 276.
Prentice, J. R., 38.

William H., 28.
Prescott, Ebenezer, 199.
Price, Cicero, n6, 318.
*• John, 28.
" WilliardM., 192.
Prime, Jacob A. , 246.
Proudfit, Ebenezer, 94, 173.
'• Margaret E., 247.
Purcell, John J., 320.
Purdy, A. H., 289. 290.
Putnam, Elisha. 309.
Quackenbush, Gerril, 96, 133.

" Gerrit VanSchaick, 95,

96. 133.
Quinn, Timothy, 289.

William F., 349.
Quirk, Michael J., 135.
Quiggin, George, 140.
Rainey, Elijah, 338.

Rand, Gardner W., 28, 114.
Ranken, David M., 154, 337.
Hugh, 18, 131.
" Henry S., 23, 69.
*• John, 23.
'• William, 137.
W. J., 30, 69.
" Robert B , 6q.
Ransley, W.H., 136,
Rappaporl. Markus W., 328.
Ratio, Antonio, 124.
Ra3rmond, Joshua, 14, 15.

L. W., 149.
Read, Aaron; 246
*' Arba, 22, 40, 201.
" Benjamin. 57.
*• Charles H.. 237, 319.
'* Thomas, 40.
Reardon, John, 279.
Redfield, L. R., 92.

•* Sidney A., 316.
Reed, Leonard, 127 132.
'* Samuel, 199,
" William, 252.
Reid, E. W., 349.
Reilay, Gilbert, 20.
Reilly, Charles A., 262
Remick, Ninian B., 225, 249.
Reynolds. Noyes H. W , 17.

" W. H., 57.
Rhodes, Joseph H., 57.
Rich, William, 246.
Richards, Charles L„ 326.
" Charles R., 17.
'• Gershom, 316.
** Lewis, 108, 109.
** Rufus, 16.
S. F.. 199.
Richardson, Jonathan, 231.
Richmond, Charles L., 167.

'* Volney, 22.

Rickerson, Le Roy, 145.
'* Seward, 166.
Riley, Michael, 135.
Ritchie, D., 62.
Ritter, James C. 300.
Roarke, Francis. 227.
Robbins, Nathan, 338.

" William H.. 210.
Roberts, Ralph B., 117.

Roberts, William, 198.

Robertson jr., Gilbert, 236, 237, 259, v

319-
" William, 319.

Robinson, Daniel, 57, 94, 256.
** George S., 84.
" John A., 94.
Rockwell, Mary A., 119.
Roemer, Charles F., 153.

N. J., 56, 119.
Rogers, Andrew, 342.
" B. P., 23.
*• Charles H.. 176.
•* Charles M., 301,
•' H. C, 312.
•* John, 128, 132.
" John W., 136.
** M. W.. 151.
" R. J., 346.
Root, Andrew J., 68.
** JosiahG., 68.
" S.G., 68, 70.
Rorabach, John W., 283.
Rose, Andrew L., 156.
** Brownell B., 159.
Ross, Elias, 23.

** Stephen, 295.
Rourk, Thomas, 276.
Rosseau, Achille J., 199.
" Benjamin A,. 24.
** Henry, 167, 173.
*' John, 36.
" Lewis, 114.

Lewis A., 63, 133, 178.
Rowe, A. D., 275.
" Benjamin, 203.
** William H., 275.
Rowell, Charles S., 343.

** Simeon, 199, 343.
Rowland, Thomas F., 309.-
Roy, James, 341.
*• John F., 41, 341.
" Peter, 342.
Rumbold, James, 57.
Rundell, Lyman J., 247.
Russell, A., 22;

Charles B., 20.
•♦ J. L.. 298.

Joseph, 17, 270, 316.
" Winslow, 124.

870

Russum, T. C, 209.
Ryan, John, 136.

Selden, George M., 318.

" Joseph D.. 16.

Ryidorph, Lyman, 136.

" William J., 94.

•• Martin, 263.

Seligson. Sigismund. 181.

Sage, William F.. 20, 21, 335.

Servat. Nicholas M., 198.

•• A. N., 133.

Sexton, Samuel, 146.

Sagendorf, George H., 23.

Seymour, Ashbel, 229.

Salisbury, Amos, 127, 295.

'* C. A.. 153.

•' F. W. 349.

** Henry I.. 297.

Henry C, 137, 167.

" Israel. 28, 303.

Sahnson, P. H., 327.

- Walter J.. 303

Sampson, Albert A., 23.
Sands. William S., 151.

Shacklady, Cardinal H., 7.

Christopher W., i

Sanford, Samuel B., 20, 84.

Sharp, James E., 146.

William M.. 178.

" John E.. 288.

Sarseant, Samuel G., 312.
Saul, Julius, 61, 62.
Saunders, Robert, 2, 186, 188.

Shattock, William, 121.

Shaw, William. 146, 319.

Sheffer, Charles E.. 86.

Sawin, T. P., 242.

Sheldon, Frederick A., 28.

Sawyer, Andrew, 345.

" H. C, 5.

- J. E. C, 207.

Shepard, George W., 135.

Saxe, Charles J., 79.

*• William A., 23.

•* M. D., 50.

Sherman, Charles G., 224.

Saxton, Gordon B , 242

W. A., 201, 279.

** Philena F., 242.

William H., 96.

** S. B., 242.

R. W., 277.

Schermerhorn. Harrison, 349.

Sherrerd, John M., 134, 314,

** Norman, 137.

Sherrill, Elizabeth, 270.

Schmidt. C. F. A., 153.

Henry W., 327.

Schoonmaker, Edgar P. 249.

Sherry, Arthur G., 159.

M. D., 323.

" James H.. 159.

Schoppe, Bernard, 262.
Schroder, James D., 233.

" John, 159, 232.

Shields, Hamilton L., 298.

Schuyler, Clarkson C, 319.

•* Thomas H., 300.

John S., 338, 340.

Sickles, Thomas, 198.

*• Nicholas, 106, 107, 316.

Sidney. J. C, 54.

Peter S., 340.

Sill. Calvin S.. 133.

Philip, 155, 167, 337, 339-

Silliman, Benjamin, 125.

'* Philip Pietersen, 323, 328.

Robert D., 17, 18,

** Stephen I., 290, 311.

244.

Scoby, Samuel, 204.

Levi, 333.

Scott, E. W., 334.

Sim, F. W., 328.

•• I. Seymour, 135. 146, 289.

Sims, Edward H., 163.

*• jr., John. 70.

" Francis, 17.

** Moses, 16.

*' George F., 20, 204, 298

Scranton. E. S., 203.

Simmons, Daniel, 71.

Seeger, E., 124.

J. F., 22, 153.

Seitz, Emil, 184.

** Jonas, 71.

** Robert. 136

Simpson, E. W., 229.

Selden, Charles, 14.

Singseim, John, 153.

lOI.

133, 242,

371

Sinsabaugh, Charles C, 350.
" George W., 350.

Skillman, George E., 189.
Skinner, Roger, 16.
Slason. Alfred, 245.
Sleicher, John A., 219.

*' jr., William, 302.
Slocum, Hiram. 201, 267.
Smart, Andrew J., 231.
** Joseph, 231.
" Joseph W., 231.
** R. T., 231.
Smith, Adam R., 20, 21, 22.

" Albert, 72.

*' Amy, 124.

** A. V. G., 344.

*• Benjamin, i6, 238.

•• Bernard N.. 153.

** Charles, 236.

" Fannie Burdett, 116.

** George, 212,

•* George B., 121.

'• George D., 183, 298.

•• H. K., 199.

" Harvey, 22, 69, 335.

" Henry C, 203, 204.

" Henry F., 35-

*' Hiram, 21.

" Lampson, 192.

'* Lansing, 134.

" Leonard, 149.

" Oscar, 273.

" R. G., 160.

•' R. M., 85.

** Samuel, 321.

** Thomas, 136, 329.

•• W. Stone, 23, 116, 283.

" William, 16.

*• William S., 67.

** William T., 229, 324.
Snively, Thaddeus A., 117.
South wick, Daniel, 151.
*' Edward, 247.

** Lewis L., 134.

Spencer, James, 326.
*' W. H., 321.
Spicer, George A., 85.
Squires, David, 198.

John, 84, 134.

** Norman B., 23, 24, 159.

Squires, John N., 103.

*• Robert, 84.
Stamper, Henry, 167.
StawciJl. R. W., 57.
Stansfield, William F., 252.
Stanton, Edmond, 137.

Patrick M.. 136.
Stackpole, Joseph, 63.
Stantial, James, 116.
Staples, Abraham, 147.
Starbuck, George H., 12.

Nathaniel B„ 134.
•' R. H.. 345.
Starks, Independence, 74.
Starkweather, Richard D., 88.
Starr, Samuel, 316.
Statzell, H. C, 81.
Steams, James W., 301.

*• H. W.. 301.
Steehnan, H. B., 28.
Steenberg, George T., 146.
Stevens, F. H., 319.
** George A., 315.
R. H., 203.
Stevenson. James M., 319.
William, 22.
W. H., 160.
W. John, 21. 160.
Stewart, John, 16.
•• Joseph, 70.
Peter. 109.
** Samuel, 14.
** William, 209.
Stiles, Benjamin F., 301.
Stillman, Byron, 177.
Wait J., 177.
Wait ft., 298.
Stimpson , William, 20.
St. Jermain. Anthony, loi .
Stockwell, Henry, 316.
Stoddard, Elijah W., 7. 134.
Stone, Charles R., 22, 62.
•' George A., 20, 23.
St. Ostrom, H. L., 349,
Stratton. A. M.. 283.
Stoughton, Livy, 316.
Stout, E. B., 320.
Stow, Frederick A., 121.

" Silas K., 20.
Stowell, Henry, 252.

872

Strait, E. Smith, 167
Streeter. L. D., 283.
Strong, Henry W., 319.
** Latham C, 319.
Sutherland, Charles II. 35.

** Thomas S., 35.

Suydam, Ferdinand J., 20.
Swasey, Edward R., 18, 212.
Sweet, Miles, 90.
Sweny, A. H.. 342.
Swett, Fred W., 283.

•* George W., 286.
Sweney, A. H., 342.
Swift, John Joseph, 262.
Sybrandt, W. H., 249.
Symonds, Thomas, 22, 285, 335.
Talmadge, Elisha, 38.
Tanner, A. G., 184.
Tappan, Arthur, 203.
" Cornelia, 102.
** Lewis, 203.
Tappen, Shepard, 17. 18, 24, 276.
Tappin, Samuel C.. J 19, 328.
Tarboss, W. H., 137.
Tayloe, Phebe Warren, iii.
^Taylor, George M., 169.

•• Mahlon, 125, 229, 350.
" Newman W., 301.
*• Tracy, 16, 17, 20, 24.
•* William, 7.
" William D., 153.
Ten Eyck, Abiaham, 92, 316.
*' Jacob H.. 192, 348.
Terry, Thomas, 136.
Thalimer, Peter, 121.
Thayer, Francis S., 57.
Theunissen, Sweer, 2.
Thomas, James B., 57.

John, 10.
Thompson, Charles W., 22.
George S., 159.
** I. Grant. 319.

'* James L., 69, 298.

Joel B., 138.
John C, 311.
*• John L.. 23, 92, III, 159.

•* John I., 20, 9a, 123.

M., 189.
R. D.. 218.
*• William, 303.

Thompson, William A., 24, 92.
Thorn, James, 201.

*• William E., 65, 67.
Thome, Arthur, 151, 346.
Thuey, Alexander, 246.
Thurber, Augustus A., 178.

** Benjamin, 292.
Thurman, Richardson H., 17, 18, 20,
69.
Sarah, 103.
Thurston. Joshua, 233.
Tibbits, Benjamin, 14, 92, 155.
** Dudley, 12, 24, 319.
" Elisha. 155.

George, 92. 109, 127, 155,
201, 339.
•' George M., 54, 58, 116, 256,

265.
•• John B., 174.
** Thomas M., 23.
William B , 289.
Tilley, Arthur, 136.

•• George W., 349.
Tillinghast, Charles W., 11, 12, 24,
57, 121. 133. 165, 228,
298, 318, 319-
*' Thomas A., 116, 165.

Joseph J., 20.
Tillman, Christopher, 187.
Tim, Louis, 84, 275.

** Solomon, 84, 275.
Timpane, Michael, 59, 327.
Titus, Piatt, 54, 140, 264, 301.
lobey, J. S., 346.
Tolhurst, Charles H., 194
William H., 194.
Tompkins, Albert, 137, 184.
Clark, 183.

D. D., 231.

E. D. G., 117.
** Ira, 184.

William C, 186.
Torrance, William M., 156.
Townsend, Eli, 207.
•* Henry, 127.

" Martin L, 7, 22, 316.

Tracy. Edward, 24, i8g.
" Jedediah, 16. 171.
" Jesse, 245.
Trautwein, John, 326.

873

Travell, Ira R., 247.
Treanor, James, 341.
Tremain, John M., 333.
Trenor, Thomas, 16, 40.
Trimble, Thomas T., 24,
Trusdell, Chester, 198.
Tucker, Henry O'R.. 218.

** J. Ireland, 7, 119, 121.
Tuppcr, John II., 62, 298.
Turner, Thomas, 298. 305.

" William W., 86.
Tuthill, DeWitt, 56, 319.
Twining. Frank B., 82.
Tylee, Edward. 25. 181.
Tyler, George, 136.

*• George L., 136.

** Isaac, 303.
Tyner, W. J., 224.
Uline, R. H., 137.
Usher, John, 209.
Vail. A. C, 334.

** Aaron, 12, 16.

" D. Thomas, 17, 54, 57, 94, 256.

'* Ezra, R., 14, 41. 298.

*• George, 10, 16, 17, 94, 132, 245,
240. 339.

" Henry, 20, 94.

•* Jane, 246.

'* Jeanie E., 246.

*• Martha Card. 246.

•• Moses, 127.

** Phebe Bloom, 246.

** Phebe H., 246.

** Samuel McCoun, 246, 300.

** Townsend M., 134, 245, 246.
Valentine, Alonzo C., 153.
Van Alen, Evert, 340.
John E., 14
Van Alstyne, Richard H., 177.

** William L., 18, 201, 268.

Van Arnam. Charles H.. 176.

" John M., 232.

Van Arnum, John, 301.
' Van Auken, David H., 67.
Van Benthuysen, M. W., 70.
Van Brackle, James, 108, 109. 163.
Van Buren, Jan, 292.
Van Buskirk, John M., 196.
Van Corlaer, Arent. 2. 337.
Van Curler, Arent, 337.

Vandenbargh, John E., 154.
Vandercook, C. E., 345.
Van der Heyden, Abraham, 290.
*• David, 3, 181.

'* Derick, 3, 132. 238,

290.
Derick Y., 9.
** Jacob, 3.

Jacob D., 9. 15, 24,
54, 55, 88, 181,
204,232,237,238,
242, 290, 292, 294,
322, 326.
Jacob D. E., 33, 103,
300.
'* Jacob I., 290, 292.

•* Jacob M., 149.

*' Mary, 24.

" Matthias 3, 125, 290.

W. D., 213.
Vanderheyden, P. F., 178.
Vanderlip. Ellas, 204.
Van der Poel, Wynant Gerritse, 305.
Van der Werken, John I., 329.

" Roeloff Gerritse, 329

Van Evem, Martin, 193.
Van Every. W. H., 177.
Van Hovenbutgh, D. M., 331.
Van Ness, A., 128.
VanOlinda, J. E.. 298.
Van Rensselaer, Hendrick, 154,
Jan Baptist, 2.
" Jeremias, 337.

John, 187.
Kiliaen, 2, 64, 155,

337.
'• Richard, 337.

Stephen, 54, 155, 171,

174
WilUam P., 32, 173,
174. 227.
Van Santvoord, Se3rmoar, 398.
Van Schaick, John S., 298.
Van Schoonhoven, Guert, 14, 171.
** Jacobus, 329.

** James, 16, 94.

" J. Lansing, 22, 23.

94, 319-
William H.. 23.
Van Tuyl, Abraham, 20.

874

Van Vechten, jr., John, 94.

Van Valkenburgh, Lawrence, 22, 273.

Van Volkenburgh, J. M.. 80, 81.

Van Weely, Anna, 64, 337.

Van Woggeium, Pieter, 2, 3. 186, 305

Van Zile, E. S., 228.

** Oscar E., 20, 63.
William P., 86.
Veazie, Charles, 51.
Veghte, Edwin, 302.'
Verplanck, Philip, 3.
Viele, A., 212.

•* Stephen, 155^
VieU, Herbert A., 281,
Vilas, Samuel H., 94.
Volentine, D., 22.
Voorhees, Theodore, 303.
Vosburgh, A. O., 325.
Wadsworth, Horace H., 331.
Wager, Alexis, 65.

** Edward A., 137.

" George H., 66.

" James, 22, 283.
Wait, E. F., 23.

*' Tosiah A., 24, 62.
•' L. H., 62.
Wakeman, Henry, 342.
John, 70,
•* S. Bradley, 342.

Wales, Edward R., 137.

*' Frederick K., 192.

•' Philip M., 154.
Walker, James E., 312.
Wallace, Gurdon B., 4, 319.

** James, 207,

•* Uriah, 242, 244,
Wallerstein, E., 84, 275.
Walsh, Charles R , 90.

*• James R., 263.

'* Michael, 167.

•' R. H., 136.
Ward, Aaron, 187.
*' R. H., 305.
Wardwell, James, 300.
Warhurst, George, 69, 70.
Warner, Charles, 22, 236.

** Ebenezer, 22, 236.

** Lucius, 236.
Warren, Alanson, 271,

" Edward Ingersoll, 11 1.

Warren, Eliakim, 106, iii, 119.
*• Eliza Atwood Tibbits, 113.
" Esaias, 16, 109, iii, 138,
201, 339
George B.. 20. 151, 173, 174.
*• jr., George B., 20i, 319.
" George Henry, 121.
• ** Henry, 169.
•* John Hobart, 23, 113, 174.
** Joseph M., 16, 23, 24, 57,

i8i, 201, 165, 318, 335.
•' Martha C, 109.
** Mary, 119, 121.
" Mary C, 121.
** Moses, 23.
" Nathan, 16, 108. 109, ill,

119, 121, 270, 339.
" Nathan B., 121.
** Phebe, ill, 119.
*' Stephen, 10, 16, 18, 109. iii,
117, i8i. 339-
Stephen E., 54, 121. 256.
Stephen R., 16. 108.
'* Walter P., 12, iii, 123, 165,
281, 298, 300.
William H., 165.
Warwick, James. loi,
Washburn, Jeremiah, 57.
Wasson, Robert, 140.
Waterman, Frederick V.,
*• George, 70.
** Marcus M., 149.
Waters, Clarence W., 189.
Elisha, 189
George A., 189.
Watrous, Andrew, 301.
Watson, Elkanah, 186, 292.

*• William M., 137.
Weatherby, N. L., 233.
Weatherwax, Barney, 209.
Webb, E. Coleman, iii.

** Isaac, 316.
Webster, ChaVles R., 229.

** George, 229. v '

Weed, Alsop, 20.
" Darius, 114.

Henry E., 22
** Jared S., 20, 57, 246.
Mary S., 246.
Weir, Robert, 69.

Weir, R. W., I2i.
Weise, A. J., 7» 36.
Weld, Joseph, 321.
Weller, John, 198.
Wellington, Charles M., 22.
Wells, George, 320.
*• Ira. M., 92, 199 203, 316.
•• Philander, 16.
** Thomas 136.
** Thomas S., 199.
Wemelt. Oliver, 325.
Wemp, Jan Barentsen, 2.
Wendel, August, 311, 314.
Wendell, Joannes, 186.
M. E., 192.
*' Nathan D., 192.
Robert, 186.
West, George, 124.

" Jared, 343,
Westervelt, E., 321.
Wetherbee, Abel, 199.
Wetmorc. Frederick, 303.
Whelan, Dennis J., 337.
Wheeler, Abijah, 338.
** David, 339,
" Henry, 22.
** John, 28, 245.
William, 88.
Wheelock, Joseph, 274.
Whipple, William W., 10, 207.
White, Grace L., 11.
" Henry, 300.

John H., 319
*• John W., 74, 75. 77.
'* Joseph, 174. 319-
*• William, 198.
Whitbeck, John H.. 29S.
Whitlock, John H.. 298.
Whitman, W. W., 237. 324, 325.
Whiting, Elizabeth, 270.

Ruggles, 43.
Whiton, John, 114.
Why land, Calvin, 192.
Wickes, Asa W., 23.

** Stephen, 174.

Wight, Arthur M., 137.

*' Daniel, 245.

*• David. 245.

Wilbur. H., 86, 331.

" G. W., 86.

375

Wilbur, James C, 134-

John S., 189.
Wilcox, Emily, 271.
Wild, Alfred, 67.
Wiles, Thomas S., 191, 347. 348-
Wilkinson, Joseph B., 23.
jr.. J. B., 320.
Willard, Clarence, 38, 244, 318, 319.
Emma, 268, 270. 330.
John, 268, 270.
•• John D., 17,
" John H., 116, 270, 289.
" John Hudson, 116.
*• Moses, 203.
•* Samuel, 149.
Sarah L., 270.
William T., 134, 146, 237.
Willett, jr.. Elbert, 198.
Williams, Allen, 160.
•* Alvin, 231.

Hezekiah, 133.
'* Jonathan T., 210.
" Nathan, 236.
•• Pelham, 113, 123.
Williams, R. J., 259.
S. M., 212.
R. D., 252.
Wills. Charles, 349.
Willson, T. Newton, 3.
Wilson, Allen B., 271.
•* Arthur R., 77.
'* C. E., 290.

Ebenezer, 321, 322.
•* jr., Edward, 245.
*' Nathaniel, 271.

Theodore A., 38.
** Samuel 321, 322.

S. C, 252.
** Washington, 77.
Wing, D. A., 160.
Winne, John E., 350.

** Moses I., 140.
Winslow, John F., 121, 173, 174, 305,
307. 309, 311.
'* John H., 349.
Winters, E., 137.

*' Jacob, 137.
Wiswall, Ebenezer, 339.
Witbeck, Henry W., 342.
** James M., 300.

376

Witbeck, Thomas L., 309
Wolcott. G D., 278.
Wolfe, Gurdon G., 281.
Wood, Jacob C, 38.
** Joseph A., 199.
** Stephen, 321.
Woodruff, Charles S., 287.

George P.. 271.

N. T., 199.
Woodward, Benjamin, 203.
Woodworih, John, 14, 198, 236.
Wool, John E., 55, 256, 300.
Worth, W. E., 130.
Worthington, John, 23, 62.
Wotkyns, Alfred, 22, 201.

Alfred A., 133.
** George Dana, 22, 63.

Tom S., 22, 62.
Wright, A. M.. 305.

Wright, C. E.. 296.

** Franklin, 163.

** Lucius, 18.

** Sidney, 137.

** Theodore, 246.
Wynkoop, George W., 349.
Yates, Jacob, 155.
Young, E. T.. 349.

Frederick S., 53.

•• George, 54.

** James, 327.

•' J. L., 263.

*• J. T., 263.

" William H., 7, 23, 35, 36, 174,
265, 319. 327.

•' jr., William H., 213.
Yourt, William R., 318.
Yvonnett, Francis, 109.

C. H. SHACKLADY,

DRUGGIST AND APOTHECARY,

Corner of Fulton Street and Fifth Avenue.

Proprietor and manufacturer of TROY LAUNDRY MARKING INK, ELEC-
TRIC TOOTHACHE DROPS, ODENTO FOR THE TEETH.
All popular and highly recommended.

FANCY AND TOILET ARTICLES, PAINTS, OILS AND GLASS,
No. lO Kino Street.

JAMES H. LLOYD,

^ARTISTIC PHOTOGRAPHER,-^

No. 44 THIRD SXRE^E^T.

ESTABLISHED IN TROY, OCTOBER 1, 1882.

(Successor to DODDS & FERGUSON,)

PLUMBING, GAS AND STEAM FITTING.

So/e Agent for Mitchell, Vance & Co's Gas Fixtures.
Nos. 359 AND 361 KTLJI^TON STRKET.

£3S'X'.^SXjXSI3:S3X> 1866.

^TROY PAPER CO.,i^

G. W. Van Alstyne & Co., Proprietors,

Envelopes, Cards, Card Board. Tags, Blank Books, Twines, &c.
No. 373 RIVER STREET.

No. 2 Times Building, corner of Broadway and Third St.

SPECTACLES, EYEGLASSES, OPERA GLASSES. MAGNIFYING
GLASSES, EAR TRUMPETS and FANCY GOODS of all kinds.

Jt;^ Sight tested and glasses suitably fitted to the eyes without charge.

EST-A-BXilSHEID 1857.

S. R. CLEXTON & SON,

WOOL9 FELTS^ ANB HIBES5

S. R. Clexton. fBsta'blisliedL, L840. Theodore A. Clbxton. I

. \

J. B. CLARK, I

Troy Carriage and Harness Repository. \

RIDING EQUIPMENTS AND HORSE FURNISHING GOODS.

N08. 18 and 20 State Street.

Nos. 459 »nd 461 Broadway, Albany,
Successors to the Troy Electrotype Company.

ARCHITECT,

R^ooms lO and 11 Times Building,

CORNER BROADWAY AND THIRD STREET.

CLARENCE B. CUTLER,

No. 205 RIVBR STREET.

ROONl 12 KEENAN BUILDINO,

Northwest Comer of Broadway and Third Street.

Frederick W. Brown. Walter F. Dawson.

ARCHITECT,

No. 88 Congress Street.

,^ stamper & Strait,

ONE PRICE, C. 0. D.

JOBBERS AND RETAILERS

-) OF (-
— ) AND (—

MEN'g eaTEiJFJFiNeg,

TRUNKS, BAGS, UMBRELLAS AND GLOVES.

H. Stamper.

ESTABLISHKr) 1870.

E. S. Strait.

EDWARD B. COX,

No. 140 SECOND STREET,

DEALER IN

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC, STAPLE AND FANCY

WHelesale Agent for the Arcadian Spring Water,

OF WAUKESHA, WISCONSIN,
For BRIGHT'S DISEASE, DIABETES and DYSPEPSIA,

and Arcadian G4nger Ale.

F. V7. SIM,

Jeweler, Watchrnaker I GptiGian,

No. 246 River Street.

Fine Diamonds, Rubies, and otber Precious Stones.

RINGS. PLAIN AND CHASED.

Watches, Swiss and American,

Clocks, French and American.

Silverware, Sterling and Plated.

EYEGLASSES AND SPECTACLES,

Set in Gold Silver and Celluloid Frames.
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«^6eicD PEN^, PEJSOIIc^, ^JVID ^pee^FPICK^.^

FANCY GOODa

WATGH ADD JErWErLRY RErPAlRlNG

AND ENGRAYING SKILLFULLY EXECUTED.

THE CITY OF TROY

AND

ITS VICINTY,

ARTHUR JAMES WEISE.

Illustrated.
Pages, 376. Cloth, $1.50.

Copies of the work will be sent to any address on receipt of postal
order covering the price of the book.

A. J. WEISE,

73 Third Street,

Troy, N. Y.

HISTORY OF THE CITY OF ALBANY,

From the discovery of the Great River, in 1524, by Verrazzano, to

the present time,

By ARTHUR JAMES WEISE, M. A.

E. H. Bender, Albany, 71 & 73 State Street. 1884.
8 vo., pp. 520, illustrated, cloth, I5.00.

'^Albanians have been looking forward with more than ordinary interest
to the publication of * The History of the City of Albany,* which has been
prepared and compiled by Arthur James Weise, A. M.. who has received
the highest commendations for his careful researches, historical discoveries,
and pleasing diction. » * * His narrative covers a period of 360 years,
and is not only exhaustive but charming. The style of diction is easy and
flowing, and the incidents narrated are fresh, animated and authentic." —
Albany Evening Journal,

•* The print, paper and binding will commend the work, as well as the
varied character of its interesting contents." — Albany Argus ^

" Hitherto, historians have led us to believe that Henry Hudson and the
crew of the Half Moon were the first Europeans to survey the site of our
city. But this impression is effaced by the convincing evidence presented
in the History of Albany, written by Arthur James Weise, A. M., author
of The Discoveries of America to the year 1525. As the first history of our
city, it will no doubt be a very popular work, and will likely be the only
one of the kind extant for many years." — Albany Press and Knickerbocker.

** The book was greatly needed." — Cultivator and Country Gentleman^
Albany.

*• The * History of Albany,' by A. J. Weise, A. M., is a work of real
value. It contains accurate and hitherto practically inaccessible informa-
tiun. It is written with dispassionate and discriminating honesty, which is
the very essence of safe and satisfactory history." — Right Rev. William
Croswell Doane, S. T. D„ \^. D., Bishop of Albany.

** Every page of this excellent historical work gives unmistakable evi-
dence of careful and painstaking research. The book is printed in clear,
handsome type, on choice paper, in elegant binding, and forms a beautiful
volume. Every citizen of the State of New York who possesses a library,
or who has a desire even to be classed among the intelligent of this genera-
tion, either with or without a library of his own, cannot afford to miss it
from his possession."— i1/a^a«/w^ of American History, New York.

*' It is a singular fact, and one hardly to the credit of Albany, that al-
though she dates from 1624, yet this. * The History of the City of Albany,
N. Y.,* by A. J. Weise, A. M., is the first fairly adequate account of her
rise and progress that has yet appeared. It was reserved for Mr. Weise to
supplement and complete, and in some respects to supersede, the labors of
Munsell and others with this creditable volume. Mr. Weise was well
equipped for his task, and his work will add to his reputation." New York
Daily Tribune.

THE DISCOVERIES OF AMERICA,

To the Year 1525,
By ARTHUR JAMES WEISE, A. M.

G. P. Putnam's Sons. New York : 27 & 29 West 23d Street. London :
25 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. 1884.
8 vo., pp. 380, cloth, $4.50.

MAPS.

1. A part^of the map of the world made by Juan de la Cosa in 1500.

2. A part of the map oi the world made by Johann Ruysch, contained
in the edition of Ptolemy's geography printed in Rome in 1508.

3. Map of the New World contained in Peter Martyr's **Legatio Baby-
lonica " printed in 15 11.

4. A part of the map of the New World contained in the edition of
Ptolemy's geography printed in Strasburg in 1513.

5. A tracing representing the limits of the discoveries of Juan Ponce de
Leon and Francisco de Garay, 1521.

6. A part of the map of the world made by Visconte de MaioUo, 1527.

7. A part of the Cabot-map of 1544.

8. Map of Terre de la Franciscane, 1545.

9. Map of a part of North America, 1553.

10. A part of the map of the world made by Gerard Mercator in 1569.

11. Delineation of the hyperborean regions of Sigurd Stephanius in
1570.

12. A part of the map of the fourth part of the world, by Andi4 Thevet.

1575.

** The chief merit of Mr. Weise's book, and its distinguishing feature,
is the compression in a single convenient volume, in a continuous narrative,
arranged in chronological sequence, of all the authenticated records of voy-
ages in North American waters and of discoveries on the mainland prior to
1525. * * ♦ To the general reader, who has neither the time nor the
opportunity to consult, much less to study and compare, the multitude of
scattered books and manuscripts in which the narratives of the early voya-
gers and discoverers, or of their historiographers, are preserved in minute
and oftentimes tedious detail, Mr. Weise's epitome will prove an acceptable
substitute, sufficiently full for all practicable purposes, and more trustwor-
thy and intelligible than most of the early relations, especially since many
of them were written in foreign languages. * * * His work is a model
of carefulness and candor, especially when dealing with rival or controvert-
ed claims." — Harpers' New Monthly Magazine.

** Mr. Weise has produced a charming as well as an exhaustive work on
an obscure but by no means an uninteresting subject, and the general read-
er may join with the antiquarian scholar in animated gratitude for the
achievement. * » * The book is not too large for convenience, it is
elegantly printed, and we know of no other which contains so well-con-
densed and thorough an account of the discovery of America." — AfagAzine
of American History ^ New York.

" This author has not satisfied himself with following 'standard ' author-
ities, with repeating their errors and reaffirming their theories. He has
gone to original sources, and, as generally with that kind of industry, he
has found plenty of important matter that has been hitherto overlooked.
His * Discoveries of America* is a very thorough piece of scholarship. * *
Mr. Weise writes for all cultivated people ; not only for the historical student,
but for the teacher and all the * general readers' who know what good books
are. Thus, while he is careful to show his methods, to indicate his author-
ities, and to outline the character of his researches and into what ground
they led him. and while to this extent his book is severe, yet the agreeable-
ness of his style is so ever present, and the story he has to tell is in itself so
fascinating, that the book is as 'readable* as Prescott or Irving.'* — Evening
Telegraphy Philadelphia.

" Mr. Weise's handsome valume, with fac-similes of many rare maps, ex-
amples of the labors of former cosmographers, contains the gist of what is
known in regard to the discovery of America." — New York Times.

** Mr. Weise furnishes a good synopsis of Vespucci's celebrated narrative,
and a still better one of the striking story of Verrazzano. » » ♦ xhe
reader will find an explanation of the derivation of * Manhattan' from the
French mandnts, a name formerly applied to persons of low condition, and
used by the first explorers to designate the aborigines of New France." —
New York Daily Tribune.

" In the thorough and scholarly work before us, Mr. Weise has not only
rendered valuable service to the reading public, but has made an extremely
important addition to the political and geographical history of the American
continent."— r-^ World, New York.

" He has not written for specialists, but for plain people who care more
for the totality of what is presented to them than for a nice discussion of
disputed points." — The Mail and Express ^ New York.

** The volume brings together information which otherwise would lie
widely apart, scattered through books, many of which are rare, and many
others inaccessible to general readers. ♦ * * It will prove a welcome
and useful addition to the history of the New World. — The Independent,
New York,

** Mr. Weise has searched far and wide in the libraries of Europe and
America to gather the material for his work, and the result shows that his
labors have been to good purpose." — The New York Observer.

" The value of this volume, as a record of the different discoveries, is
unquestionable." — Boston Daily Advertiser.

** Every library should have this record of the authentic accounts of the
discoveries made by the ancients on the Western Continent." — New Eng-
land Journal of Education.

•* The volume is a monument of special study, and a work which will
take a deservedly high rank." — The Hartford Courant.

** It is not often the reader will find a history more charmingly written.
* * * The valuable facts of its chapters attest the rare good judgment
and scholarly acquirements of the author.' — Inter-Ocean, Chicago,

'* This book bears the marks of industrious research in fields that have
not yet been overworked, and which offer irresistible allurements to the his-
torical inquirer." — Popular Science Monthly,

" Eight years of earnest study and research have been devoted by Mr. .
Arthur James Weise lo preparing and perfecting his admirable and instruc-
tive work, wherein is displayed throughout a high order of narrative and
descriptive skill." — Times-Democrat^ New Orleans.

" Sustained by an ambition to gather in one volume, embellished with
many quaint maps, all the authorities possible to be secured, he has
afforded readers an impartial insight into that far-away realm — the early
ages of America. It is an American book, permeated with the true Ameri-
can instinct, and produced with proper scholarship, judgment and taste." —
Hartford Post,

" Students of history will be greatly interested in this volume." — Star,
Washington.

"A strong feature of the work is the number of valuable maps and
charts of this country as it was known to the geographers of that remote
period." — Times, Philadelphia.

HISTORY Of the CITY OF TROY,

• From the expulsion of the Mohegan Indians to the present centennial
year of the independence of the United States of America, 1876,

By A. J. WEISE, A. M.

Troy, N. Y., William H. Young. 8 & 9 First Street. 1876.

8 vo., pp. 400. illustrated, cloth, $3.50.

*' It more than fulfills the promise of Mr. Weise when he first announced
his intention of undertaking so arduous a task." — Troy Daily Times,

••A work which for many years will be the standard history of the city,
and which, when it is displaced by subsequent publications, will become
the foundation for all works of similar character."— ZVt?^ Daily Press.

** Mr. Weise has given the public a history for which every man, woman
and child claiming to be a Trojan should be grateful and thankful."— -7!*^
Troy Northern Budget,

*' One of the best and most carefully prepared local histories which we
have seen." — Evening Post, New York.

HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH, N. Y.,

From the year 1770 to 1877.

By A. J. WEISE, A. M.

Troy, N. Y., William H. Young. 8 & 9 First Street. 1877.
8 vo., pp. 44. cloth, $T.oo.^

FEB 7 ~ 1934

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